初中英語閱讀理解講解加練習(xí)

1、 一、一、先讀問題，弄清考查要點先讀問題，弄清考查要點，以便能帶著問，以便能帶著問題看文章，這樣會心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。題看文章，這樣會心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。 二、二、快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關(guān)的信息，如果時間緊，至少要掃視一下起題有關(guān)的信息，如果時間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想一首段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時，不要忙于答想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時，不要忙于答題。題。 三、三、細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞，掌握短文細(xì)，掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵

2、，應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點：節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點： 1 抓住四個抓住四個W和一個和一個H，就是邊讀邊用，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把What (事件事件)，When（時間），（時間），Where（地點），（地點），Why（原因），（原因），How（經(jīng)過）（經(jīng)過）劃出來。抓住了四個劃出來。抓住了四個“W”和一個和一個“H”，就抓住，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問題便可解決。了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問題便可解決。 2抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等介詞、插入語等。因為這些詞具有因果，讓步，。因為這些詞具有因

3、果，讓步，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對考生分清文章層次，辨上下文的特殊功能。這對考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關(guān)系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進(jìn)明各種關(guān)系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點，都具有舉足輕重行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點，都具有舉足輕重的作用。的作用。 3 注意領(lǐng)會文章的寓意注意領(lǐng)會文章的寓意。 4根據(jù)題意，初選答案根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題，。這一步須仔細(xì)審題，領(lǐng)會測試要求，確定解題方法。對那些明顯的，領(lǐng)會測試要求，確定解題方法。對那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把

4、其余三個答案有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個答案再作推敲而浪費時間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱再作推敲而浪費時間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文（不是重讀一遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排短文（不是重讀一遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種常用的解題方法有如下幾種： 直接解題法直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。即從原文中直接找出答案。 歸納解題法歸納解題法。對于不能從原文中直接找出。對于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案。括、歸納得出正確答案。 綜合推理法綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)真分

5、析，。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)真分析，綜合推理及至計算，最后歸納出正確答案。綜合推理及至計算，最后歸納出正確答案。 題干中有題干中有suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等等字眼時，屬于推斷概括型，考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇，字眼時，屬于推斷概括型，考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇，考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納，推理等邏輯思維能考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納，推理等邏輯思維能力。力。 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時應(yīng)該注意與問題相。在閱讀時應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位

6、詞等信息詞來得出正確答案。來得出正確答案。 轉(zhuǎn)換解題法轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說，而在問題和。即原文這么說，而在問題和所給選項中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍所給選項中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義。表示同一含義。 排除法排除法。根據(jù)語言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和。根據(jù)語言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識，在沒有把握的選項中用排除法得出正確答常識，在沒有把握的選項中用排除法得出正確答案。案。 四、四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對答案重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對答案。在解完最。在解完最后一道題后，如果時間允許，再將原文讀一遍；后一道題后，如果時間允許，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在

7、聯(lián)用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。 典型例題分析典型例題分析根據(jù)內(nèi)容，從短文后每題的四個選項中選擇最佳的一項。根據(jù)內(nèi)容，從短文后每題的四個選項中選擇最佳的一項。Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. Through the hole（洞）（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, bu

8、t you had to look fast because it was so hot, said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一次）（再一次）.Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal（煤）（煤）fires in the world. They are harmful（有害）（有害）and dangerous. Then how to put t

9、hem out?Scientists have tried to set（放置）（放置）fire to underground coal to speed up（加速）（加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃燒）（燃燒）of underground coal would be soon finished.（被燒完）。（被燒完）。1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire _.A. at the age of sevenB. seven years oldC. in the year of 1898D. mo

10、re than（超（超過）過）80 years ago 2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because _.A. it was in the holeB. it was very hotC. it was orange D. it was harmful 3. How many coal fires are there in the world?A. Theres only one.B. Its hard to say.C. There are 260.D. The article（文章）（文章）does

11、nt tell us.A ABC4. Whats one of the best ways to put out（撲滅）（撲滅）the underground fire?A. To cover（覆蓋）（覆蓋）the holes with stones（石（石塊）塊）.B. To speed up the fires.C. To see the fires burning.D. To do some experiments（試驗）（試驗）. 5. What is the best title（標(biāo)題）（標(biāo)題）for the article?A. Watching the Underground -

12、 Fire.B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.C. The Burning Earth.D. Coal and Coal Fires.BB分析分析 1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依據(jù)找到依據(jù)。at the age of seven 等于等于when he was seven，故正確答，故正確答案為案為 A 。 2這一題可以在第一段里直接找到答案，屬于這一題可以在第一段里直接找到答案，屬于直接直接回答題回答題。正確答案為。正確答案為 B。 3這一題可以在第二段里直接找到答案，屬于這一題可以在第二段里直接找到答案，屬于直接直接

13、回答題回答題。正確答案為。正確答案為 C。 4在文章的在文章的最后一段提到最后一段提到了撲滅火的最好方法，那了撲滅火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃燒。正確答案為就是使火加速燃燒。正確答案為 B。 5完成這道題需作一定的完成這道題需作一定的歸納歸納，因為文章中，因為文章中沒有給沒有給出直接的回答出直接的回答。文章從。文章從Mr Brown兩次看火，然后說出地兩次看火，然后說出地下火的危害，最后提出如何滅火的方法。文章的前兩段下火的危害，最后提出如何滅火的方法。文章的前兩段是給為什么要滅火和如何滅火鋪墊，如何滅火才是文章是給為什么要滅火和如何滅火鋪墊，如何滅火才是文章的中心。故正確答案為的中心。故正

14、確答案為 B。 一、根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷正誤一、根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷正誤 Fred telephoned his wife. “Ive got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. Well have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Freds wife was very pleased. They hadnt been to the theatre for a long time. She met her

15、husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “Its very strange,” he said. “They arent here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets werent there, either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尷尬尷尬). “

16、Whats the matter?” asked his wife. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasnt going home, I left it in the office!” ( ) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets for the theatre.( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often.( ) 3. Fre

17、d wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant.( ) 4. They reached the theatre neither late nor early.( ) 5. Then Fred couldnt find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets. 1 1、T T 因為第一段中提到因為第一段中提到Fred told his wife Fred told his wife “Ive got two free tickets” “free” “Ive got two fr

18、ee tickets” “free” 此處是免費的意思。此處是免費的意思。 2 2、F F 第二段中提到第二段中提到“They hadnt been to the theaterThey hadnt been to the theater for a long time.” for a long time.” 3 3、F F 第一段中第一段中FredFred說說“Meet me outside the office.”Meet me outside the office.” 4 4、T T 第二段中第二段中“in time”in time”是及時的意思。是及時的意思。5T 5T 結(jié)尾處提到的。

19、結(jié)尾處提到的。 David McConnell sold books from door to door. Housewives(家庭主婦家庭主婦)were not interested in the books. Usually before he had enough time to say anything about his books, the women closed their doors. But he didnt give up. McConnell decided to bring each of them a present, a small bottle of perf

20、ume(香水香水)made by himself. He soon found that the women liked the perfume better than the books. He stopped selling books to sell perfume instead and started his own company “Avon”, which is a great success.When you do nothing, you learn nothing. But when you try, even though you are not successful,

21、you will learn what doesnt work and that puts you closer to what will work. It doesnt matter how many times you are not successful. It does matter that you will be successful one day. Edison was not on the way to success until people bought his first invention. Success once is enough for Edison. And

22、 the same for yousuccess once is enough.( ) 1. McConnell was successful as a book-seller.( ) 2. McConnell hoped those women would buy his books if he brought them each a present.( ) 3. If you do nothing at all, you will never be successful.( ) 4. Edison was successful at the very beginning.( ) 5. Th

23、e writer encouraged us to try as much as we can.F T T F TF T T F T1 1、F F 從第一段從第一段“He stopped selling books to He stopped selling books to sell perfume stead.”sell perfume stead.”，可以判斷出他在推銷書，可以判斷出他在推銷書方面并不成功。方面并不成功。2 2、T T 第一段第三行提到第一段第三行提到“McConnell decided to McConnell decided to bring each of them

24、 a present,”bring each of them a present,”。3 3、T T 這句是第二段前兩句的解釋。這句是第二段前兩句的解釋。4 4、F F 最后一段，第一句說明最后一段，第一句說明Edison Edison 的發(fā)明被人的發(fā)明被人們認(rèn)可后才走上了成功之路。們認(rèn)可后才走上了成功之路。5 5、T T 第二段中作者提出了自己的觀點。第二段中作者提出了自己的觀點。 Sociologists( Sociologists(社會學(xué)家社會學(xué)家), working in western ), working in western countries, have found that

25、countries, have found that a large number ofa large number of women wished they had been born men. The number women wished they had been born men. The number is said to be is said to be as high asas high as 60% in Germany. 60% in Germany.“Women often wish they had the same chances as “Women often wi

26、sh they had the same chances as men have, and think it is still mens world,” men have, and think it is still mens world,” said Dr James Helen, one of the sociologists who said Dr James Helen, one of the sociologists who did the did the studystudy. .Many men say that they have Many men say that they

27、have moremore duties duties than than women. A man has to make money to support(women. A man has to make money to support(養(yǎng)養(yǎng)活活)his family and to make the important decision, )his family and to make the important decision, so so it is right for men to be paid moreit is right for men to be paid more.

28、Some are . Some are even against their wives working at all. When even against their wives working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and wives go out to work, they say, the home and children cannot bechildren cannot betaken good care of. If women take full-time taken good care of

29、. If women take full-time jobs, they wont jobs, they wont be able tobe able to do what they do what they are are best at doingbest at doing: making a nice home and bringing : making a nice home and bringing up the children.up the children.Some women disagree. They say they want to get Some women dis

30、agree. They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom(out of their homes and to have freedom(自由自由) to ) to choose choose betweenbetween work work andand home life. Women have home life. Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances(the right of equal pay and equal chances(平等機(jī)

31、平等機(jī)會會).).Anne Harper has a very good job. She also Anne Harper has a very good job. She also believes in “Womens Liberation(believes in “Womens Liberation(解放解放).” “).” “I I dont wish I were a mandont wish I were a man, ”she says, “and I , ”she says, “and I dont think many women do. But I do wish don

32、t think many women do. But I do wish people would stop treating(people would stop treating(對待對待) us like ) us like secondclass people. secondclass people. At work, for example, we usually do the At work, for example, we usually do the work that men do but get paid less. There work that men do but ge

33、t paid less. There are still a lot of jobs only to menare still a lot of jobs only to menusually they are the best ones. If you are usually they are the best ones. If you are a man, you have a a man, you have a much bettermuch better chance of chance of living a wonderful life. How many women living

34、 a wonderful life. How many women scientists are thereor engineers?”scientists are thereor engineers?”( ) 1. many men think_.( ) 1. many men think_. A. women cant do what men can A. women cant do what men can B. men have to work much harder than B. men have to work much harder than womenwomen C. men

35、 can make money more easily than C. men can make money more easily than womenwomen D. womens duty is mainly to do D. womens duty is mainly to do housework at homehousework at home1 1、D D 這是一道概括主旨的題，答此題的依據(jù)是第這是一道概括主旨的題，答此題的依據(jù)是第三段內(nèi)容。這段開頭兩句話說的是重男，那么不言三段內(nèi)容。這段開頭兩句話說的是重男，那么不言而喻，家務(wù)活和教育子女的任務(wù)應(yīng)有婦女承擔(dān)；另而喻，家務(wù)活和教育

36、子女的任務(wù)應(yīng)有婦女承擔(dān)；另有一些男士則公開反對女士外出工作?？梢?，不少有一些男士則公開反對女士外出工作?？梢姡簧倌惺空J(rèn)為婦女的主要職責(zé)是在家料理家務(wù)。男士認(rèn)為婦女的主要職責(zé)是在家料理家務(wù)。( ) 2. Some women have different ideas, ( ) 2. Some women have different ideas, They say that_.They say that_.A. women need chances to go out of the A. women need chances to go out of the home more oftenho

37、me more oftenB. women want more freedom in deciding B. women want more freedom in deciding the kind of life they wantthe kind of life they wantC. if women are given equal pay, they C. if women are given equal pay, they can do everything instead of mencan do everything instead of menD. women are no l

38、onger interested in D. women are no longer interested in taking care of their homestaking care of their homes2 2、B B 一些婦女持不同觀點，文中第四段反映了一些婦女持不同觀點，文中第四段反映了他們的意見。這也正是文章的中心思想的寫作意他們的意見。這也正是文章的中心思想的寫作意圖圖-爭取人權(quán)平等，婦女自由，男女平等。爭取人權(quán)平等，婦女自由，男女平等。( ) 3. Anne Harper didnt wish to be a ( ) 3. Anne Harper didnt wish

39、to be a man_.man_.A. because she believed in “Womens A. because she believed in “Womens Liberation”Liberation”B. but she wished to get the same jobs as menB. but she wished to get the same jobs as menC. because she had got a good job C. because she had got a good job D. but she wished to treated the

40、 same as a manD. but she wished to treated the same as a man3 3、D D 安妮安妮. .哈珀不希望自己是男士，但她希望哈珀不希望自己是男士，但她希望社會像對待男士一樣對待她。該題是一考查細(xì)社會像對待男士一樣對待她。該題是一考查細(xì)節(jié)的題，答案在最后一段。節(jié)的題，答案在最后一段。( ) 4. Anne Harper thought that_.( ) 4. Anne Harper thought that_.A. women should live a better life than men A. women should live

41、a better life than men B. women should be really liberatedB. women should be really liberatedC. women should be given better jobs than menC. women should be given better jobs than menD. women should live a more wonderful lifeD. women should live a more wonderful life4 4、B B 安妮安妮. .哈珀的想法正是作者的意圖，如哈珀的想

42、法正是作者的意圖，如最后一段寫到：最后一段寫到：She also believes in She also believes in “Womens Liberation.” “Womens Liberation.” 然后她又列舉了然后她又列舉了許多事實，其立意還是為了說明這一正確論點。許多事實，其立意還是為了說明這一正確論點。( ) 5. Which of the following is not true ( ) 5. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?according to the passage?A.

43、 There are more men scientists, engineers A. There are more men scientists, engineers than women ones.than women ones.B. Women are secondclass people, so they B. Women are secondclass people, so they shouldnt live a better life.shouldnt live a better life.C. Women do the same jobs as men, but get pa

44、id C. Women do the same jobs as men, but get paid less than men.less than men.D. There are some best Jobs that women have D. There are some best Jobs that women have few chances to take.few chances to take.5 5、B B 選題選題B B的觀點在文中沒有出現(xiàn)。文中男士盡管的觀點在文中沒有出現(xiàn)。文中男士盡管擺出種種理由，但還沒有人敢明目張膽地發(fā)表歧視婦擺出種種理由，但還沒有人敢明目張膽地發(fā)表歧視

45、婦女的觀點，即把婦女作為二等公民，認(rèn)為婦女不應(yīng)生女的觀點，即把婦女作為二等公民，認(rèn)為婦女不應(yīng)生活的更美好?；畹母篮?。 Have you ever held a toy balloon ( Have you ever held a toy balloon (氣球氣球)? )? They are very light. But there are much They are very light. But there are much bigger balloons. These balloons can fly bigger balloons. These balloons can fly v

46、ery high up in the sky. They are very high up in the sky. They are big big enough toenough to carry people. They are called carry people. They are called hothot- -air balloons.air balloons. To make a hot To make a hot- -air balloon go up, air balloon go up, turn on turn on the burnerthe burner ( (燃燒

47、器燃燒器). That will make the air ). That will make the air inside the balloon hotter. Then the balloon inside the balloon hotter. Then the balloon will go up.will go up. To make the balloon go down, turn off the To make the balloon go down, turn off the burner. The air inside the balloon will get burne

48、r. The air inside the balloon will get cooler. Then the balloon will go down.cooler. Then the balloon will go down. Underneath ( Underneath (在在下面下面) the balloon there is a ) the balloon there is a large basket. That is where the pilot (large basket. That is where the pilot (飛行員飛行員) ) and the passeng

49、ers (and the passengers (乘客乘客) go.) go.The burner is just above the basket. You can The burner is just above the basket. You can stand in the basket and turn the burner on and stand in the basket and turn the burner on and off. The balloon will go where the wind blows it. off. The balloon will go wh

50、ere the wind blows it. Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special? Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special? First First make suremake sure the wind is blowing the right way! the wind is blowing the right way! People have been flying in hot-air balloons People have been flying in hot-air

51、 balloons for over two hundred years. Before planes it was for over two hundred years. Before planes it was the only way of flying. Today people fly in hot the only way of flying. Today people fly in hot air balloons air balloons for funfor fun. Some people like to race . Some people like to race ho

52、t-air balloons. The first Hot-Air Balloon World hot-air balloons. The first Hot-Air Balloon World Championship (Championship (錦標(biāo)賽錦標(biāo)賽) was held in 1973.) was held in 1973. ( ) 1. A hot-air balloon is _. A. smaller than a toy balloon B. bigger than a toy balloon C. the same as a toy balloon D. lighter

53、 than a toy balloon1 1、B B 由由“But they are much bigger balloons.But they are much bigger balloons.”可知。這里的比較級是與前面可知。這里的比較級是與前面“a toy balloona toy balloon”相比較。相比較。( ) 2. Where will you sit if you want to fly in ( ) 2. Where will you sit if you want to fly in the balloon?the balloon?A. Inside the baske

54、t. A. Inside the basket. B. On top of the balloonB. On top of the balloonC. Under the basketC. Under the basketD. Inside the balloonD. Inside the balloon 2 2、A A 這是一篇有關(guān)熱氣球的科普文章，需要考生熟這是一篇有關(guān)熱氣球的科普文章，需要考生熟知有關(guān)熱氣球的基本常識。熱氣球有燃燒器（也可知有關(guān)熱氣球的基本常識。熱氣球有燃燒器（也可叫加熱器），打開燃燒器，氣球內(nèi)氣體被加熱，氣叫加熱器），打開燃燒器，氣球內(nèi)氣體被加熱，氣球會上升，反之就下降

55、。氣球下面是一個大籃子，球會上升，反之就下降。氣球下面是一個大籃子，飛行員或乘客在此處，燃燒器在籃子上方。熱氣球飛行員或乘客在此處，燃燒器在籃子上方。熱氣球總要隨風(fēng)向飛行?？傄S風(fēng)向飛行。( ) 3. You want the balloon to go up. So ( ) 3. You want the balloon to go up. So you will _.you will _.A. jump out if the balloon A. jump out if the balloon B. let the air out of the balloonB. let the air

56、out of the balloonC. make the air inside the balloon hotter C. make the air inside the balloon hotter D. let the air inside the balloon cool downD. let the air inside the balloon cool down3 3、C C 由第二段的敘述可知。由第二段的敘述可知。 ( ) 4. Now you are high up in the sky. If ( ) 4. Now you are high up in the sky. If

57、 you want the balloon go down, you will you want the balloon go down, you will _._.A.A. make your friends get out of the basketmake your friends get out of the basketB.B. make a hole in the balloon with a knifemake a hole in the balloon with a knifeC.C. make the air inside the balloon hottermake the

58、 air inside the balloon hotterD.D. make the air inside the balloon coolermake the air inside the balloon cooler 4 4、D D 由第三段的敘述可知。由第三段的敘述可知。 ( ) 5. Now everything is all right! The ( ) 5. Now everything is all right! The balloon is flying across the sky. Where are balloon is flying across the sky. W

59、here are you going?you going?A. Towards the sun. A. Towards the sun. B. To the seaside.B. To the seaside.C. Where the wind blows you. C. Where the wind blows you. D. To the nearest mountains.D. To the nearest mountains. 5 5、C C 由第六段的敘述可知。由第六段的敘述可知。(4)(4)Bob was happy. He was at a new school, and Bob

60、 was happy. He was at a new school, and the otherthe other students were friendly. “Hi, students were friendly. “Hi, Bob!” they said. But some students said, Bob!” they said. But some students said, “Hi, Peter!” Bob didnt understand. He “Hi, Peter!” Bob didnt understand. He asked another student, “W