動詞不定式的用法導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、動詞不定式的用法導(dǎo)學(xué)案. 時態(tài)語態(tài)：主動形式被動形式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式to be doing/完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing/否定形式not to donot to be done疑問詞不定式wh to dowh to be done復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)sb.to do/for sb.to do/、不定式的時態(tài)意義不定式的時態(tài)是以句中謂語動詞的時間為依據(jù)的 （1）一般式表示的動作或狀態(tài)_。They made plans to live in Paris. 他們計劃住在巴黎。（to live 發(fā)生在 ma

2、de plans之后）（2）進(jìn)行式表示其動作正在進(jìn)行，_。He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 他假裝認(rèn)真地聽我講。（3）不定式的完成時表達(dá)下列意義：A. 不定式的完成式所表示的動作或狀態(tài)_。I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。（to have kept發(fā)生在_ 所表示的時間之前）She is said to have just completed a novel. 據(jù)說她剛完成一部小說。（to have just completed a novel發(fā)生在_ 所表示的時間之前）B.

3、用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等詞后，不定式的完成式表示未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望、期待、想法、打算或計劃等。to have + 過去分詞表示動作， to have been表示狀態(tài)。I meant to have done the work before Sunday. _（沒完成）I was to have been a doctor. _（沒當(dāng)成）I intended to have come to see you. _(但沒來)C.用在seem, a

4、ppear, thing, consider, believe等后，表示一個動作先于另一個動作發(fā)生。I seem to have seen her somewhere before.以前我好像在那見過她。（see在seem之前發(fā)生）He was believed to have been a reporter.都認(rèn)為他從前干過記者。（4）不定式的完成進(jìn)行式表示動作在_。 He was happy to have been staying with his uncle. He looked too young to have been publishing books for six years

5、. 不定式的語法功能：動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞，不能充當(dāng)謂語,但仍具有動詞的特性，可以有時態(tài)、語態(tài)的變化，也可以在句中可充當(dāng)_ _ _ _ _ _等Examples:It is good to help others. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people have access to all public buildings. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. I dont have time to sit around f

6、eeling sorry for myself. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. A big company has decided to buy it from me. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. 1.

7、作主語動詞不定式作主語既可位于句首，也可以用_做形式主語。例如：To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.翻譯：_It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.翻譯：_注意：“It is + 形容詞X 代詞（名詞）不定式”句型用of 還是用for（1） 如果句中的形容詞表示人物特征或品質(zhì)，常同of搭配eg： brave, careful, careless, considerate, cruel, rude, generous, right

8、，wrong, kind，nice，good，polite，clever，wise， foolish, silly等。這是一個帶有感情色彩的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)， 表示褒義時，具有“對不勝感激”的意思；表示貶義時，含有“真是太，真是透了”的意思。It is kind of you to help me.你幫助我真是太好了。It was foolish of us to do so.我們這樣做真是太傻了。（2）表示事物性質(zhì)的形容詞eg: easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, necessary常同f

9、or 搭配Its difficult for me to work out the problem.我要算出這道題目太難了。Its very important for students to learn English well.對于學(xué)生們來說，學(xué)好英語是很重要2.作表語 動詞不定式作表語常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is及The next step/ measure is 等。例如：Your job is to type the papers in the office.翻譯：_The next measure is to stop the river f

10、rom being polluted.To see is to believe. 【翻譯】_3.作賓語常見的只能使用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：arrange，agree, afford, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, hope, intend, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等。eg：They decided _ between these two cities. 他們決定在兩座城市之間建一條高速路。I expect_ tomorrow.我期待明天見到你。注意：1) belie

11、ve, think, consider, feel, make等動詞可用于“動詞+ it +adj. / n+ to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語動詞不定式置于句末。eg：I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.翻譯：_2） 有些動詞既可以用動詞不定式做賓語，也可以用動名詞做賓語，二者意義沒太大區(qū)別，這類詞有：continue begin hate like loveprefer start;They continue smoking.They continue to

12、 smoke.I like swimming.I like to swim.3）有些動詞既可以跟動名詞做賓語，也可以接動詞不定式，但不定式前面需要加人/物做賓語，這時動詞不定式就成了賓語補(bǔ)足語Gerund（動名詞）: verb + -ing Infinitive（動詞不定式）: verb + person + to-infinitiveadvise allow encourage permitThey advise walking to town.They advise us to walk to town. They do not allow smoking here.They do not

13、 allow us to smoke here.They encourage doing the test.They encourage us to do the test. They do not permit smoking here.They do not permit us to smoke here.4) 有些動詞既可以用動詞不定式做賓語，也可以用動名詞做賓語，但二者意義不同。這類詞有：forget go on mean remember stop try4. 作賓補(bǔ), 用在這些動詞后：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等+sb to do sth

14、The teacher asked Mother to take him home.翻譯：_She found him to be a very good pupil.翻譯：_注意：1)feel, think, understand, suppose, know, imagine, find, believe, consider后的賓語補(bǔ)足語常是to be的形式She found him to be a very good pupil.翻譯：_She believes him (to be) honest。翻譯：_2）一些感官動詞也可以接動詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，但動詞不定式符號to 省去。感官

15、動詞：feel,（一感覺） hear, listen to, （二聽）let, make, have (三使) watch, see, look at, notice, observe(五看) eg: They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. Mother made John wash the car for a week.但當(dāng)以上的動詞用于被動式，to要還原：The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.John was made to wash the car for a week.5.作定

16、語動詞不定式作定語，應(yīng)位于所修飾詞語之_，即：做_。eg：Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修飾_，位于其后)1)下列名詞后常接動詞不定式作定語：ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等。例如：2)由only, first, last, next以及序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞后，也常接不定式作定語。例如：Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?【翻譯】他總是第一

17、個來，最后一個走。_6.作狀語 動詞不定式作狀語，可表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。例如：We went there to see our grandparents.（表_ ）I am very sorry to hear that.（表_ ）She hurried home only to find her father dead.（表_ ）作目的狀語，還可以使用in order to或so as to。(區(qū)別in order to和so as to_)注意：1）不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時, 如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式, 那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相

18、反則帶to。1. She could do nothing but cry.2. I have no choice but to go.3. What do you like to do besides sleep.2) 動詞不定式和疑問詞連用(1) 關(guān)系詞+動詞不定式動詞不定式可以和疑問代詞：who, what, which 及疑問副詞：when, where, how, why等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等成份。eg：Who to do the work has not been decided yet. 做_語He showed me how to use a com

19、puter. 做_語 (2) “with + whom/which + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)“with + whom/which + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)是一種簡潔的表達(dá)方式，指人時用whom，指物時用which，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的with有時可以是by, through, on, from等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常用作后置定語。She had only 15 dollars with which to buy her husband a gift. She is a nice woman with whom to work.她是一個很好的工作同伴。He opened the north window from which（

20、where） to enjoy the distant hill. 他課后作業(yè)：細(xì)節(jié)小試 A.請將以下肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?. He decided to go home 2. I told him to do that again. B.單項選擇1. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to2. The teacher asked us_ so much noise.A. don'

21、t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make語法填空While English is getting more and more important in your schools, Chinese hasbecome popular among foreign kid. But Chinese can be more difficult _1_(learn). Many foreign kids thinks that Chinese characters have too many strokes, but they still want

22、to learn it. Some South Korean students begin to learn _2_(write) the language on their first day at school. _3_(help) students learn Chinese, South Korean holds popular speaking competitions for high school students every year. The Chinese Ministry of Education _4_(say) in the interview yesterday that last year nearly 33 million people from 85 countries _5_ (learn) Chinese. Some