自考詞匯第五章練習(xí)題

1、第五章自測試題I. Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.1. AwordisthecombinationofandA.sound,spellingB.spelling,meaningC.form,meaningD.sound,meaning2. Wordsarebutsymbols,manyofwhichhavemeaningonlywhentheyhaveacquired.A.conceptB.senseC.motiva

2、tionD.referenee3. ByformwemeanA.itsspelling4.RefereneeistheA.themotivationB.itspronunciationrelationshipbetweenB.theconceptC.bothitspronunciationandspellingIanguageandC.theworldD.senseD.itssymbols5. AwordhasmeaningonlywhenaconnectionhasbeenestablishedbetweenthelinguisticsignandaA.refereneeB.referent

3、C.conceptD.motivation6. Ofthefourtypesofmotivation,motivationisthemostproductive.A.etymologicalB.morphologicalC.semanticD.onomatopoeic7. meaningreferstothatpartofthemeaningofthewordwhichindicatesgrammaticalconceptorrelationships.A.LexicalB.ConceptualC.AssociativeD.Grammatical8. Theoldestmotivationis

4、supposedtobemotivation.A.semanticB.etymologicalC.onomatopoeicD.morphological9. Althoughreferenceisakindofabstraction,yetwiththehelpof,itcanrefertosomethingspecific.A.conceptB.motivationC.contextD.sense10. Sensedenotestherelationships.theconceptB.outsidetheIanguageC.withthemeaningtheIanguage11. Motiv

5、ationaccountsfortheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymbolandits.A.senseB.meaningC.conceptD.reference12. ConceptwhichisbeyondIanguage,istheresultofhuman.A.recognitionB.cognitionC.acquisitionD.practice13. Therelationshipbetweenthewordformandmeaningisand.A.arbitrary,non-motivatedB.arbitrary,motivatedC.co

6、nventional,motivatedD.arbitrary,conventional14. ThesenseofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemofrelationshipswithotherexpressionsintheIanguage.A.logicalB.morphologicalC.semanticD.grammatical15. MostwordscanbesaidtobeA.motivatedB.non-motivatedC.affixesD.compounds16. isuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofcul

7、ture,race,languageandsoon.A.SenseB.MotivationC.ConceptD.Referenee17. TheconnectionbetweenthereferenceofawordandthethingoutsidetheIanguageistheresultofandA.specification,generalizationB.generalization,abstractionC.abstraction,specificationD.extension,generalization18. Bymeansof,aspeakerindicateswhich

8、thingsintheworldarebeingtalkedabout.A.referentB.referenceC.conceptD.motivation19. "much"and"many"havethesame.A.conceptB.motivationC.collocationD.sense20. ThewordmeaningismadeupofA.connotativemeaningandaffectivemeaningB.stylisticmeaningandcollocativemeaningC.grammaticalmeaningandl

9、exicalmeaningD.conceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning21. GrammaticalmeaningofawordbecomesimportantonlywhenitisusedinA.extra-linguisticcontextB.non-linguisticcontextC.actualcontextD.lexicalcontext22. Conceptualmeaning,alsoknownasmeaning,isthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofwordmeaning.A.l

10、exicalB.associativeC.connotativeD.denotative23. meaningisthesecondarymeaningsupplementedtothemeaning.A.Lexical,grammaticalB.Conceptual,associativeC.Associative,conceptualD.Connotative,conceptual24. Associativemeaningcomprisesfourtypes:.A.Lexical,grammatical,stylistic,andaffectiveB.Connotative,stylis

11、tic,affective,andcollocativeC.Lexical,conceptual,affective,andcollocativeD.Conceptual,connotative,affective,andstylistic25. Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:or.A.lexical,grammaticalB.appreciative,pejorativeC.associative,conceptualD.stylistic,affective26. Both"pretty"and&q

12、uot;handsome"havethesamemeaningof"good-looking",buttheyaredifferentinA.conceptual,style,emotivevaluesC.conceptual,collocationD.stylistic,connotation27. Itisnoticeablethatmeaningoverlapswithandaffectivemeaningsbecauseinasensebothlattermeaningsarerevealedbymeansofcollocations.A.stylisti

13、c,collocativeB.connotative,associativeC.collocative,stylisticD.conceptual,lexical28. meaningisunstable,varyingconsiderablyaccordingtoculture,historicalperiod,andtheexperieneeoftheindividual.A.LexicalB.GrammaticalC.ConnotativeD.Stylistic29. "charger","steed","horse",and&

14、quot;plug"havethesamemeaning,buttheydifferinmeaning.A.stylistic,conceptualB.affective,stylisticC.collocative,connotativeD.conceptual,stylistic30. meaningsurfacesonlyinuse,butmeaningisconstantinallthecontentwordswithinorwith-outcontextasitisrelatedtothenotionthatthewordconv-eys.A.Lexical,grammat

15、icalB.Conceptual,associativeC.Associative,conceptualD.Grammatical,lexical31. Theword"cooperation"and"endless"arewords.A.etymologicallymotivatedB.semanticallymotivatedC.morphologicallymotivatedD.onomatopoeicallymotivated32. Thewords"bow-wow","buzz","tick-t

16、uck"arewords.A.semanticallymotivatedB.etymologicallymotivatedC.morphologicallymotivatedD.onomatopoeicallymotivated33. ""isnotamorphologicallymotivatedword.A.laconicB.airmailC.reading-lampD.hopeless34. Associativemeaningcomprisesseveraltypesexcept.A.connotativemeaningB.stylisticmeaning

17、C.affectivemeaningD.lexicalmeaning35. "love","care","tenderness"areofmother.A.thestylisticmeaningsB.theconnotativemeaningsC.thestylisticmeaningsD.thecollocativemeaningsIII. Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.1. Affectiveme

18、aningindicatesthespeaker'stowardsthepersonorthinginquestion.2. MartinJoos(1962)inhisbookTheFiveClocksuggestsfivedegreesof:"frozen","formal","consultative","casual"and"intimate".3. Lexicalmeaningismadeupofconceptualmeaningandmeaning.4. meaningisth

19、emeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformstheCoreofwordmeaning.5. Semanticmotivationreferstotheassociationssug-gestedbytheconceptualmeaningofaword.6. Themeaningsofetymologicallymotivatedwordsrelatedirectlytotheir.7. Semanticmotivationexplainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseandsenseoftheword.8. Onomatop

20、oeicwordsarecreatedbyimitatingthesoundsornoises.9. Noteverywordhas.Forexample,"probable","and","if",andyes”，“allhavesomesense,butnoneofthemrefertoanythingintheworld.10. "roar"isawordproducedthroughmotivation.11. Inthesentence,"Thereactionary'schiefamb

21、itionistobecometheemperor.","ambition"hasaconnotation.12. Connotativemeaningreferstotheqvertonesorassociationssuggestedbythemeaningtraditionallyknownasconnota-tions.13. Therelationshipbetweenthewordformandmeaningisconventionalandarbitrary,andmostwordscanbesaidtobe14. Semanticmotivatio

22、nreferstothementalassociationssuggestedbythemeaningofaword.15. MeaningandconceptareCloselyrelatedbutnot.16. Themeaningconsistsofconnotativemeaning,stylisticmeaning,affectivemeaningandcollocativemeaning.17. Aconceptistoallmenalike.18. "mouth"in"themouthoftheriver"ismotivated.19. N

23、otallthewordsproducedbyapplyingtheword-formingrulesare20. Thegrammaticalmeaningscanindlcatepartsofspeechofwords,singularandpluralmeaningsofnouns,meaningsofverbsandtheirinflectionalforms,etc.21. Aconcepthasreferringexpressions.22. Connotativemeaningvariesconsiderablyaccordingtoeuhure,historicalperiod

24、andtheoftheindividual.23. "commenee"isinstyle.24. meaningincludesconceptualmeaningandasso-ciativemeaning.25. wordshaveboththesameconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning.26. "roommate"and"miniskirt"aremotivatedwords.27. Denotativemeaningisthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryand

25、itformstheofwordmeaning.28. "pen"isa/anmotivatedword.29.Unlikeconceptualmeaning,meaningisunstableandindeterminate.30. Normally,whenwetalkaboutthemeaningofaword,wearespeakingofwhatwecallits.31. Awordistheofformandmeaning.32. istherelationshipbetweenIanguageandtheworld.33. Therearealotofword

26、swhosestructuresare,i.e.theirmeaningsarenotthecombinationsoftheseparateparts.34. Inthesentenee,"Heisfondofthebottle.","bottle"refersto.35. Partsofspeechofwords,singularandpluralmeaningofnouns,tensemeaningofverbsallbelongtomeaning.36. meaningsurfacesonlyinuse.37. Justlikemeaning,a

27、ffectivemeaningvariesfromindividualtoindividual,fromculturetoculture,fromgenerationtogeneration.38. Compoundsandderivedwordsarewordsandthe'meaningsofmanyarethesumofthemorphemescombined.39. Wordmeaningisnotmonogeneousbutaconsistingofdifferentparts.40. "black"isappreciative,but"nigg

28、er"is.III. Matchthemorphemes,wordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingtotypesofmotivation;typesofmeaning;typesofwordformation;typesofmor-phemesandtypesofformality.AB1.diminutiveA.onomatopoeicmotivation2.niggerB.appreciative3.tinyC.differinginemotivevaluesmence/beginD.backformation5

29、.tongueofthebellE.conIpounding6.laconicF.blending7.blackG.pejorative8.ambitiousH.acronym9.determined/pigheadedI.conversion10.bleatJ.initialism11.tremble/quiverK.colloquial12.moonlightL.grammaticalmeaning13.slurbM.formal14.sub-N.derivationalprefix15.COREO.semanticmotivationPdifferinginstylisticmeanin

30、g17.water(n)Q.differingincolloca-tiremeaning18.house(v)R.suffixation19.fanS.etymologicalmotivation20.T.backclippingIV. Studythefollowingmorphemes,wordsorexpressionsandidentifytypesofboundmorphemesunderlined;typesofwordformation;typesofmeaning;typesofmotivationandtypesofformality.1. mother(love)()2.

31、atom(fromthesmallestunitofmatter)()3. -esinsandwiches()4. quack()5. thefootofthemountain()6. bloom(n.)7. handsome(=good-looking)8. domicile9. sitcom(colloquial)V. Definethefollowingterms.1. reference2.concept4.motivation7.conceptualmeaning8.connotativemeaning()()()()()5.semanticmotivation6.grammatic

32、almeaning9.collocativemeaning10.onomatopoeicmotivationmotivation15.meaningmeaning13.morphologicalmotivation14.lexicalmeaning16.form17.stylisticmeaningVI. Answerthefollowinganswersshouldbeclearandshort.Writeyouranswersinthespacegiven.1. Howdoweclassifymeaning2. Whatisthefunctionofreference3. Whatismo

33、tivationHowdoweclassifyit4. Whatistherelationshipandthedifferencebetweengrammatimeaningandlexicalmeaning5. Whatistherelationshipanddifferencebetweenconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning6. Howisassociativemeaningclassified7. Whatarethecharacteristicsofconnotativemeaning8. WhatisstylisticmeaningWhata

34、reitscharacteristics9. Howisaffectivemeaningclassified10. WhatiscollocativemeaningWhatareitsfunctionsVII. Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing,Writeyou'rean-swersinthespacegivenbelow.1. Itisnotaisahouse.Studytheabovetwosentencesandanalyzethegrammaticalmeaning,conceptualmeaningandconnotativemeaningofh

35、omeandofhouse.2. Afterchuckingastoneatthecops,theydidabunkwiththeloot.AreallthewordsinthesentenceusedappropriatelyIfnot,ex-plainthereasonsandimprovethesentence.3. alacoicanswerWhatdoes"laconic"meanWhatmotivationisfoundinitWhereisthewordderived4. Thepenismightierthanthesword.Whatmotivationc

36、anbefoundinthesentenceWhatisthatmoti-vationWhatdo(es)themotivatedword(s)mean參考答案n.CompktethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtOthecoursebOOk1attitude8Natural29l31926316origiBS12conceptual17.aniversal18semanticallv24Lexical25few76gurative3aSSOCiative4Conceptual5mental1OOnomatoo

37、oeic11negativepejoratiVe14Conceotual15identical16associative2OTense21many22Experienee23formal27core28etymologicaIly29associative32Reference33opaqueForillalitvreferencenon-motivatedacceptableNorphologicallyCOBbination30denotation34whatiscontainediBSide35grammatical40pejorative36III.Matchthemorphemes,

38、wordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto(1)typesofmotivation;(2)typesofmeaning;(3)typesofwordformation;(4)typesofmorphemesand(5)typesofformality.Grammatical37connotative38multi。morDhemic39compositeIV.Studythefollowingmorphemes,wordsor(1) typesofboundmorphemesunderlined;(2)typesofword

39、formation;(3)typesofmeaning;(4)typesofmotivationand(5)typesofformality.1. connotativemeaning4. onomatopoeicmotivation7.Conceptualmeaning2. etymologicalmotivation5. semanticmotivation8.formal9.blending3.inflectionalsuffix/boundmorpheme6.grammaticalmeaning1O.stylisticmeaning1C2D3.C4.C5B6.B7.D8.C9.C1O.

40、D11.B12.B13.D14C15B16C17B18B19A2O.C21.C22.D23.C24.B25.B26C27C.28.C29.D3O.D31.C32.D33.A34.D35.BChoosetheonethatwouldbestcompletetheIEach0fthestatemeutsbelowisfollowedbyfouralterna-tiveanswersstatementV.Def'methefollowingterms.1.Referenceistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheworld.Bymeansofreferen

41、ce,aspeakerindicateswhichthingsintheworld(includingpersons)arebeingtalkedabout.2. Concept,whichisbeyondlanguage,istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.Itisuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofculture,race,languageandsool"1.3. Sensedenotestherelationshipsinsidethelang

42、uage.Thesenseofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemofsemanticrelationshipswithotherexpressionsinthelanguage.4. Motivationaccountsfortheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymbolanditsmeaning.5. Semanticmotivationreferstothementalassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaningofaword.Itexplainstheconnectionbetweent

43、heliteralsenseandfigurativesenseoftheword.6. Grammaticalmeaningreferstothatpartofthemeaningofthewordwhichindicatesgrammaticalconceptorrelationshipssuchaspartofspeechofwords,singularandpluralmeaningofnouns,tensemeaningofverbsandtheirinflectionalforms.7. Conceptualmeaning(alsoknownasdenotativemeaning)

44、isthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofword-meaning.Beingconstantandrelativelystable,conceptualmeaningformsthebasisforcommunicationasthesamewordhasthesameconceptualmeaningtoallthespeakersofthesamelanguage.8. Connotativemeaningreferstotheovertonesorassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeanin

45、g,traditionallyknownasconnotations.9. Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitscollocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartofthewordmeaningsuggestedbythewordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.motivationindicatestherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningofaword.Itssoundsuggestsitsmeaning.11. E

46、tymologicalmotivationindicatestherelationshipbetweenmeaningofawordanditsorigin.Inotherwordsthehistoryofthewordexplainsthemeaningoftheword.12. Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker'sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestion.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeorpejorative

47、.13. Morphologicalmotivationaccountsfortheconnectionbetweenthemeaningofthewordandthemeaningofeachmorphemeintheword.Themeaningofmanywordsarethesumtotalofthemorphemescombined.14. Lexicalmeaningisconstantinallthecontentwordswithinorwithoutcontextasitisrelatedtothenotionthatthewordconveys.Lexicalmeaning

48、itselfhastwocomponents:conceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning.15. Meaningiswhattheformstandsfor.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaningmakeupthewordmeaning.16. Byformwemeanbothitspronunciationandspelling.Awordisthecombinationofformandmeaning,andformisthecarrierofmeaning.17. Stylisticmeaningreferstothest

49、ylisticfeaturesofwords,whichmakethemappropriatefordifferentcontexts.VI.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.Writeyouranswersinthespacegiven.1.(1)Meaningismadeupoflexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning.(2) Lexicalmeaningisclassifiedintoconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning.(3) A

50、sscoiativemeaningisclassifiedintoconnotativemeaning,stylisticmeaning,affectivemeaningandcollocativemeaning.2. Referencereferstotheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsignandtheworld.Thereferenceofawordtoathingoutsidethelanguagcisarbitraryandconventional.Althoughreferenceisakindofabstraction,yetwiththehelp

51、ofcontext,itcanrefertosomethingspecific.3. (1)Motivationaccountsfortheconnectionbetweenthelinguistiesymbolanditsmeaning.(2)Motivationisclassifiedintoonomatopoeicmotivation,morphologicalmotivation,semanticmotivationandetymologicalmotivation.4. Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaningmakeupthewordmeaning.G

52、rammaticalmeaningreferstothatpartofthemeaningofthewordwhichindicatesgrammaticalconceptorrelationshipssuchaspartof"words(nouns,verbs,adverbs),singularandpluralmeaningofnouns,tensemeaningofverbsandtheirinflectionalforms.Grammatiealmeaningofawordbecomesimporttonlywhenitisusedinactualcontext.Unlike

53、lexicalmeaning,differentlexicalitems,whichhavedifferentlexicalmeanings,mayhavethesomegrammaticalmeaning.Ontheotherhand,thesamewordmayhavedifferentgrammaticalmeanings.Lexicalmeaningisconstantinallthecontentwordswithinorwithoutcontextasitisrelatedtothenotionthatthewordconveys.Lexicalmeaningitselfhastw

54、ocomponents:conceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning.5. Lexicalmeaningismadeupofconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning.Conceptualmeaningisthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofword-meaning.Beingconstantandrelativelystable,conceptualmeaningformsthebasisforcommunicationasthesamewordhasthesameco

55、nceptualmeaningtoallthespeakersofthesamelanguage.Associativemeaningisthesecondarymeaningsupplementedtotheconceptualmeaning.Itdiffersfromtheconceptualmeaninginthatitisopen-endedandindeterminate.6. Associativemeaningisclassifiedintofourtypes:connotative,stylistic,affectiveandcollocative.7. Itisnotanes

56、sentialpartoftheword-meaning,butassociationsthatmightoccurinthemindofaparticularuserofthelanguage.Connotativemeaningisunstable,varyingconsiderablyaccordingtoculture,historicalperiod,andtheexperienceoftheindividual.8. Apartfromtheirconceptualmeanings,manywordshavestylisticfeatures,whichmakethemapprop

57、riatefordifferentcontexts.ThesedistinctivefeaturesformthestylisticmeaningofwordsInsomedictionaries,thesestylisticfeaturesareclearlymarkedas'formal','informal','literary','archaic','slang'andsoon.Thisstylisticdifferenceisespeciallytrueofsynonyms.Itisobservedtha

58、ttherearefewwordswhichhaveboththesameconceptualmeaningandthestylisticmeaning.9. Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeorpejorative.Wordsofpositiveovertonesareusedtoshowappreciationortheattitudeofapproval,thoseofnegativeconnotationsimplydisapproval,contemptorcriticism.Justlikeconnotativemeaning,affectivemeaningvariesfromindividualtoindividual,fromculturetoculture,fromgenerationtogeneration,fromsocietytosociety.meaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquire