英語語法知識及練習

1、(一) 一般將來時一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth,nextweek,in100years等。begoingtodo(動詞原形)結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：Itisgoingtorain.willdo結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法：1. 表示預見Doyouthinkitwillrain?Youwillfeelbetterafteragoodrest.2. 表示意圖Iwillborrowabookfromourschoollibrary

2、tomorrow.Whatwillshedotomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成：(1) will+主語+do?WillSarahcometovisitmenextSunday?(2) therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句：Willthere+be？Willtherebefewertrees?Yes,therewill./No,therewon't否定句構(gòu)成：will+not(won')t+doSarahwon'tcometovisitmenextSunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞+will+主語+？WhatwillSarahdonextSunday?根據(jù)例句

3、，用will改寫下列各句例：Idon'tfeelwelltoday.bebettertomorrow)I'IIbebettertomorrow1. Ginahassixclassestoday.(havealotofhomeworktonight)2. I'mtiredno(.sleeplate)3. Myparentsneedanewcar.(buyonesoor)4. Wecan'tleaverightnow.leavealittlelater)5. Theweatherisawfultoday.(bebettertomorrow)答案：1.She'

4、llhavealotofhomeworktonight.2. I'llsleeplater.3. They'llbuyonesoon.4. We'llleavealittlelater.5. Maybeit'llbebettertomorrow.(二) should的用法：should用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not.例如：Ithinkyoushouldeatlessjunkfood.我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。Shedrivesalotandsheseldomwalks.SoIthinksheshouldwalkalot.

5、她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。Studentsshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeplayingcomgjartiees.學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。學習向別人提建議的幾種句式:(1) Ithinkyoushould(2) Well,youcould(3) Maybeyoushould(4) Whydon'tyou?(5) Whataboutdoingsth.?(6) Youdbetterdosth.用should或shouldn'填空1.1can'tsleepntghtbeforeexams.Youtakeawarmsh

6、owerbeforeyougotobed.2. Goodfriendsargueeachother.3. Thereislittlemilkintheglass.Webuysome.4. Theydidn'tinviteyou?Maybeyoubefriendlier.5. Iamalittlebitoverweight.SoIthinkIdoexerciseseveryday.答案：1.should2.shouldn'3.should4.should5.should(三) 過去進行時過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內(nèi)一直進行的動作。1. 構(gòu)成was

7、/were+doing,例如：IwaswatchingTVat9o'clocklastnightat9o'clocklastni是時間點Theywereplayingfootballallafternoon.allafternoon是時間段2. 過去進行時的標志詞at8o'clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday例如：Iwashavinglunchathomethistimeyesterday.昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。Atthattimeshewaswritingabook.那陣子她在寫一本書。（表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。）練習用括

8、號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. ThistimeyesterdayI（read）books.2. At9o'clocklastSundaythey（have）aparty.3. WhenI（come）intotheclassroom,she（read）astorybook.4. She（play）computergameswhilehermothercook）yesterdayafternoon.5. I（have）ashowerwhenyou（call）meyesterday.答案：1.wasreading2.werehaving3.came;wasreading4.wasplay

9、ing;wascooking5.washaving;called（四）間接引語形成步驟：（1）不要逗號，冒號，引號（2）要考慮到人稱的變化（人稱的變化與漢語是一致的）（3）要考慮時態(tài)的變化（4）要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。1.直接引語變成間接引語時，幾個主要時態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時2.直接引語變成間接引語時，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語1.am/is1.was2.are2.were3.have/has3.had4.will4.would5.can5.could6.may6.might練一練用括號中所給動詞的適當形

10、式填空。1. ShesaidI(be)hard-working.2. Petertoldmehe(be)boredyesterday.3. Shesaidshe(go)swimminglastSunday.4. Bobbysaidhe(may)callmelater.5. Antoniotoldmehe(read)abookthen.答案：1.was2.was3.went4.might5.wasreading請轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話：1.1gotothebeacheverySaturday.(Tom)2. IcanspeakthreeIanguages.(Lucy)3. Iwillcallyoutom

11、orrow.(Mike)4. I'mhavingasurprisepartyforLanashe)(五) if引導的條件狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：if+般現(xiàn)在時，主語+將來含義：如果，將要例如：Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你請求他，他會幫助你。Ifneedbe,we'llworight.如果需要，我們就干個通宵。練一練根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子置的選項基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生Ifyoutheparty,you.2.如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。Ifittomorrow,we.3. 如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會喜歡英語的。If

12、youoften,you.答案：1. Ifyougototheparty,youwillhaveagoodtime2. Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgotothepicnic3.IfyouoftenlistentoEnglishsongs,you'lllikeEnglish二.完形填空特點及解題思路（一）題型分類與特點完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習慣搭配等，用適當?shù)脑~或詞語填空，使補全后的短文意思通順、

13、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。1.完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對每一空格提供若干個選擇項，要求考生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運用所學的詞匯、句型、語法等語言知識，從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當，字數(shù)在15

14、0200個單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置10個左右空格，所設(shè)考點涉及詞匯、語法及對短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個語境，對每一空格設(shè)準確運用詞匯的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。2.選詞填空題：該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時還增加幾個文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。（A）Jackwantedtoaskfortwodaysoff,1hehadonlylearntthephrase（短語）“haveadayoff”.He2,thenhehadanidea.“Grandmotherisill.MayIh

15、aveadayoff,3_?”heaskedtheteacher.“Ofcourse,youcan.”replied（答復）theteacheratonce.Afterawhile,theboycameto4attheteacher'sdoMayIhaveadayoff5?”Theteacherwasverysurprised,“Didn'tyou6itjustnow?”“Yes,sir.ButIcan'tbeI7_,either.”Theteacherunderstoodhimandcouldnothelp8.Thenhesaidwithasmile,“Whydidn

16、'tyousayMayIhavetwodaysoff?'”Theboyansweredquickly9aloudvoice.“Butyouonly10ushaveadayoff!'”（）1.A.butB.andC.orD.for（）2.A.thoughthardlyB.thoughthardandhardC.hardthoughtD.thoughtandthought（）3.A.MissB.sirC.teacherD.Mr（）4.A.strikeB.bestC.hitD.knock（）5.A.alsoB.againC.tooD.once（）6.A.speakB.tell

17、C.sayD.do（）7.A.tomorrowB.thedayaftertomorrowC.yesterdayD.thedaybeforeyesterday（）8.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughedD.laughing（）9.A.withB.onC.inD.by（）10.A.teachB.taughtC. areteachingD.wereteaching（B）請根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當?shù)?0個填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當?shù)脑~形變化。than,so,tell,us,them,report,beause,love,composition,under

18、stand,to,that,much,for,whatAgenerationgap（代溝）hasbecomeaseriousproblem.Ireada_1）aboutitinthenewspaper.Somechildrenhavekilled2）afterquarrels（爭吵）withparents.Ithinkthisis（3）theydon'haveagoodtalkwitheachother.Parentsnowspend（4）timeintheoffice.（5）theydon'thavemuchtimetostaywiththeirchildren.Astime

19、passes,theybothfeel（6）theydon'thavethesameto（i話題）totalkabout.Iwantto（7）parentstobemorewithyourchildren,gettoknowthemandunderstandthem.Andforchildren,showyourfeeling（8）yourparents.Theyarethepeoplewho9）you.Sotellthemyourthoughts（想法）.Inthisway,youcanhaveabetter（10）ofeachother.實戰(zhàn)操練（答題時間：80分鐘）一.選擇填空。

20、（）1.Beijingwonthechancesthe2008Olympics.A. tohostB.hostC.hostingD.hosted（）2.TigerWoodscanmakebillionsdollarsayear.A. forB.withC.ofD.on（）3.Youlookedsobeautifulattheparty.A. No,Idon'tthinksoB.OfcourseC.ThankyouverymuchD.No,I'mnotbeautiful（）4.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Therearenewwordsinit.A. afew

21、B.alittleC.fewD.little（）5.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper“WhoMovedMycheese”wasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.whatC.howD.if（）6.InourEnglishstudyreadingismoreinterestingthanspeaking,Ithink.Idon'tagree.Speakingisreading.A.asimportantasB.soimportantasC.themoreimportantD.themostimportant（）7.Ifheha

22、rder,he'llcatchupwithus.A.workB.worksC.workedD.willwork（）8.Themanagerthatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestoc（k股票）wentdown.A.talkedB.toldC.saidD.spoke（）9.Weshouldkeepinthereading-room.A.quietB.quietlyC.quiteD.quickly（）10.Ithinkeverythinggoesonwell.A.SoIdoB.IdosoC.SodoID.SoisI）11.IfyouwanttowatchT

23、V,youmayturn.A.downB.itonC.onitD.itoff）12.I'msorryIhaven'tgotanymoney.I'vemyhandbagathome.A.missedB.leftC.putD.forgotten）13.Heislisteningtothemusicsheiswashingclothes.A.afterB.beforeC.thatD.while)14.IttakestimetogotoBeijingbyplanethanbytrain.A.moreB.fewerC.longerD.less)15.Excuseme.Haveyo

24、ugotaneraser?Sorry,Ihaven't.WhyyouaskMary?Perhapsshe'sgotone.A.doB.don'tC.didD.didn't二.選擇恰當?shù)拇鹫Z。A.Yourteacherwon'tletyouin.B.HesaidIcouldn'tstayoutlatC.Iwasdoingmyhomework.D.No,theywon't.Everyo,neE.Youshouldlistentosomerelaxing1.WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded?2.Willpeopl

25、eusepapermoneyinthefuture?3.Ican'tsleep,whatshouldIdo?4.IfIwearjeanstoschool,whatwillhappen?willhaveacreditcard.5.Whatdidyourfathersay?music.1. 不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點建議嗎？Idon'tknowtodo,canyougivemesome?2. 外星人正在買紀念品的時候，我給警察打了個電話。Whilethealienwasasouvenir,Ithepolice.3. 我放學回家的路上，看見一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來。Onmywayhom

26、efromschool,Isawacatgetawindow.4. 我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。Idon'twanttotalkitwithyouthephone.5. 我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個驚喜的晚會WearegoingtohaveapartyforJohnFridayevening.四.完形填空：把下面五個句子放在文章中的恰當位置，使文章完整。Threemenwentupinaballoon（氣球）.TheystartedearlyinLondon.TheheadmanwasTed,andtheothertwomenwereDavyandEmilio.1Soonthey

27、heardthesea.Theywerecarryingtheusualrope（繩子）,anditwashangingdownfromthebasketoftheballoon.Attheendoftheropetheyhadtiedametalbox.Thiscouldholdwater,oritcouldbeempty.So2_.Itwasforuseoverthesea.Theywerealsocarryingsomebagsofsand.Afterthesunrose,theballoonwenthigher.Itwentupto3,000metres,and3.Thewaterin

28、theballoonbecameice.Snowfellpastthemen'sbasket,andtheycouontheground.4,butitwashard.Theytriedtobreaktheicysandwiththeirknives,butitwasnoteasy.Theworkwasslowandtheywerestillfalling,sotheyhadtodropsomewholebagsofsand.Oneofthemfellonanicylakeandmadeablackholeintheice.Atlasttheypulledtheboxintotheba

29、sket.Itwasstillsnowing;so5.Theyroseto5,100metres!Everythingbecameicy.Theyweresocoldthattheydecidedtoland.TheycamedowninPolandheavilybutsafely.Theyhadtravelled1,797kilometresfromLondon!A. ThementriedtothrowoutsomemoresandB. theywereabletochangeitsweight（重量）C. Theyhadabigballoonandtheywerereadyforalon

30、gway.D. theyclimbedtogetawayfromthesnowE. theairtherewasverycold五.閱讀理解（A）EinsteinWasWaitingforHisFriendOnceEinsteinwaswaitingforoneofhisfriendsonabridge.Hewasthinkingaoblem.Whilehewaswaiting,itbegantorain.Therainkeptonforsometime.WhenEinsteintookoutapieceofpaperfromhispockettowritesomethingdown,thep

31、aperwaswetandthenheknewthatitwasraining.Hisclotheshadbecomewet.Butafterheputthepaperintohispocket,heforgothewasstandingintherainagain.Manyscientistsarenotcarefulwiththeirlives.Thisisbecausetheyaretoocarefulwiththeirstudies.1. WhatdidEinsteindo?Hewas.A.adoctorB.ateacherC.ascientist2. WhywasEinsteinon

32、abridge.A.Becausehewaswritingsomethingonthebridge.B. Becausehewaswaitingforafriend.C. Becausehewasthinking.3. Itrained.A.sometimesB.forsometimeC.foralongtime4. Einsteinandbegantowritesomethingonit.A.boughtapieceofpaper.B. tookapieceofpaperfromhiscar.C. tookoutapieceofpaperfromhispocket.5. Whichistru

33、e?A.Einsteinwascarefulwithhiswork.B. Einsteinwascarefulwithhisclothes.C. Einsteinwascarefulwithhisfriends.B)生活中總會有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)15小題所描述的救護方法，從A-G七幅圖中找出與題意相應的圖畫（本題共有七幅圖，你只能選五幅圖，多選不給分。）1. Ifthepersonhasstoppedbreathing,youmusttrytostarthis/herbreathingatonce.Thebestthingistousethemo

34、uth-to-mouthway.Laythepersononhis/herbackandbreatheintohis/hermouth.2. Ifthepersonisbleeding(流血)badly,youmusttrytostopthebleeding.Pressonthebleedingpointwithapieceofcleanclothandholdupthepartofthebodywhichisbleeding.3. Ifyouarebitten(cutbyteeth)byananimal,washthecutundercoldrunningwater.Coverthebrok

35、enpart,ifthereisany,withapieceofcleancloth.Thenseeadoctorassoonaspossible.4. Ifyouareburnt(hurtbyfireorsomethingveryhot),cooltheburntpartatonce.Runcool(notcold)waterovertheburnuntilitislesspainful.Thenputapieceofdrycleanclothovertheburntpart.sveryda5. Ifthereisafire,neverusealiftinthebuilding,becaus

36、eitgettrappedbetweenfloors.Usethestairsandleavethebuildingatonce..5.六.寫作:（從下列2封來信中選擇一封寫回信。）Dearfriend,Therewillbeapartythisweekend.Allmyfriendsareinvitedtothepartyexceptme.Iamangry.AndIdon'tknowwhytheydidn'tinviteme!Whatdoyouthink?Canyouhelpme?UpsetDearfriend,IamanewstudentinGradeOne,

37、butmyEnglishistoobad.YesterdayIhadanEnglishtestandmygradewasjustsoso.IwanttoimprovemyEnglish.WhatshouldIdo?Couldyougivemesomeadvice?LookingforhelpDear,試題答案】（A）1.A2.D3.B4.D5.B6.C7.B8.D9.C10.B（B）1.report2.themselves3.because4.much/more5.So6.that7.tell8.to9.love10.understanding參考練習答案：一.1.A2.C3.C4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.A10.C11.B12.B13.D14.D15.B二.1.C2.D3.E4.A5.B三.1.what,advice2.buying,called3.out,of