化學(xué)反應(yīng)器設(shè)計(jì)原理

1、 原料預(yù)處理過程原料預(yù)處理過程(物理、化學(xué)處理物理、化學(xué)處理) 化學(xué)加工過程化學(xué)加工過程 (物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化)反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物分離、反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物分離、提純提純(物理處理物理處理)目的產(chǎn)物目的產(chǎn)物副產(chǎn)物副產(chǎn)物原原 料料未反應(yīng)原料未反應(yīng)原料圖圖1.1典型的化學(xué)加工過程典型的化學(xué)加工過程)(PCTfr、CQNHNH32223液體液體氣體氣體氣體氣體氣體氣體液體液體液體液體液體液體氣體氣體氣體氣體液體液體氣體氣體填料塔反應(yīng)器填料塔反應(yīng)器噴霧塔反應(yīng)器噴霧塔反應(yīng)器板式塔反應(yīng)器板式塔反應(yīng)器固定床鼓泡反應(yīng)器固定床鼓泡反應(yīng)器滴流床反應(yīng)器滴流床反應(yīng)器磁場(chǎng)流化床反應(yīng)器磁場(chǎng)流化床反應(yīng)器固定床固定床旋轉(zhuǎn)床旋轉(zhuǎn)床磁磁固定固定床床累積

2、速率關(guān)鍵組分轉(zhuǎn)化速率關(guān)鍵組分輸出速率關(guān)鍵組分輸入速率關(guān)鍵組分累積速率產(chǎn)物組分輸出速率產(chǎn)物組分生成速率產(chǎn)物組分輸入速率產(chǎn)物組分累積速率單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的反應(yīng)熱單位時(shí)間內(nèi)輸出的熱量單位時(shí)間內(nèi)輸入的熱量單位時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)量累積的動(dòng)量消耗的動(dòng)量輸出的動(dòng)量輸入的AABR(1)AAOAnnx1( )AAAdCdnrkf CdtV dt rAAAOAAOrAAAOAArAArAVrdxndtdxndtVrxnndtdnVrdtdnVr)(, 0)1 (, 01AfAAxxttxt,; 0, 0dxVrntAfxrAAO0)(0dV AOAOrnCVAfxAAOrdxCt0)(AAkCr )1 (AAOAxkCr) 1(

3、)1 ()1 ()(1100kxCtxkCdxCrdxCtAfAOxAAOAOxAAOAfAfAfxkt11ln1, 11tAOCrVArrVOQ()rOOVQtt=,0.40.85rVV /0.40.60.70.85TOttt=tTAAtCr、Rn TRtn /RRROV CFtt=AP1PArk CAQ2QArk C0)(21dtdnCkkVAAr01dtdnCkVPAr02dtdnCkVQArmax0RRFdtdF0)(21dtdCCkkAA01dtdCCkPA02dtdCCkQA000AAOPQtCCCC、AAAOxkktCCkkt11ln1ln12121或12exp () tAAOC

4、Ckk)(exp1,)(exp12121221211tkkkkCkCtkkkkCkCAOQAOPAPQtCCC、12PQCkCk12kkARS 112,ARAARdCdCk Ck Ck Cdtdt000AAORStCCCC、)1 (),(21122112112kkekekCCCCCeekkCkCtktkAORAAOStktkAORtkAOAeCC1tkAORReCkCkdtdC112PC1221ln(/)opkktkk12kk12lloptkk圖圖2-3 連續(xù)釜式反應(yīng)器連續(xù)釜式反應(yīng)器 )(ArAAOOrVQCCQ)()(AAAOOrrCCQV(1)AAOACCxAOAAOACCCx)(AAAO

5、OrrxCQV33()/rOVmsQms1s正常動(dòng)力學(xué)正常動(dòng)力學(xué)反常動(dòng)力學(xué)反常動(dòng)力學(xué)圖圖2-4 釜式反應(yīng)器的體積比較釜式反應(yīng)器的體積比較 )(AAAOOrrxCQV)/(AArx圖圖2-5 并聯(lián)的釜式反應(yīng)器并聯(lián)的釜式反應(yīng)器 12AfAfAfxxx212211/OrOrQVQV)1 (AAOAxkCr)1 (AAOAxkCr12rrVV12NpxkxxQVApApApOrp3 , 2 , 1,)1 ()(1NpkxxApAp3 , 2 , 1,1)1 ()1 (11)1 ()(1,)1 ()(11ApApApApApApOOrpxXxkxkXxQQV)1 ()1)(1 ()1 ()1 ()1 (

6、)1 ()1 ()1 (1211kkkxxxxxxANANAONANAOkxx)1 ()1 ()1 ( 1)11(11NANxkzN1NrriOiVVNQApxApCANxNAONNNNAONNOrAOAOOrAOAOAOAOOrNAONNOrAOOrAOOrAOAOOrxCkxxxxkCxxQVxCkxxxxkCxxQVkCxCkxxkCxQVxkCxxQVxkCxxQVxkCxxQVxkCxQV,)()1 ( ,)1 ()(,)()1 ( ,)1 ()()1(11,1)1 ( ,)1 ()1 ()1 ()()1 ()(,)1 ()(,)1 ()1 (11212221211111323212

7、1ANxANNNAONNNNAONNAOAOAOAOAOAONAONNAOAOAOAOxxxCkxxxxkCxxxCkxxxxkCxxkCxCkxxkCxxkCxxxkCxxxkCxxxkCx,)()1 ( ,)1 ()(,)()1 ( ,)1 ()()1(11,1)1 ( ,)1 ()1 ()1 ()()1 ()(,)1 ()(,)1 ()1 (1121222121111132321211minNrriiVVAArkCCOOHCHOHOHC322234101 . 2cmmolCAOexpRTEkok) 1 (0567. 0283expREko)2(158. 0298expREko)3(399

8、1. 0313expREko3/06. 1cmg95.5761/min,/1094. 37REkO(min)2171. 030395.5761exp1094. 3exp7RTEkok333500 10 /1.06 607.86 10 (/min)OQm337.86 100.880.266()(1)0.2171 (1 0.88)OAOAfrAOAfQ CxVmkCx)1 ()(AfAOAfAOOAAfAOOrxkCxCQrxCQV)1 (111AAOAAOOrxkCxCQV)1 ()()1 (12111AfAOAAfAOOrAAOAAOOrxkCxxCQVxkCxCQV653. 01Ax3120

9、.063rrVVm312220.126rrVVVm)88.01 ()88.0()1 (111AAAxxx)1 ()(12AfAOAAfAOOrxkCxxCQV種種 類類釜內(nèi)物料類型釜內(nèi)物料類型一般反應(yīng)釜一般反應(yīng)釜液液固相或固相或液液液相物料液相物料1.01.3氣氣液相物料液相物料1.02.0發(fā)酵釜類發(fā)酵釜類1.72.565. 0fMPapw7 . 0iDH /2 . 1/iDHHDVi242 . 143VDi)(75. 0,2 . 14 . 043mDDiimmmDi800)(8 . 0MPapw7 . 0MPaPN0 . 134 . 0 mV 34 . 065. 0/266. 0/mfVVr

10、300（350）400（450）500（550）600（650）7008009001000（1100）1200（1300）1400（1500）1600（1700）1800（1900）2000（2100）2200（2300）240025002600280030003200340035003600380040004000440045004600480050005200540055005600580060000.250.61.01.62.54.06.310.016.025.0MPapWppWpMPa31.2 800/100000.096/0.0096()lph gKgfcmMPa/0.0096/(1

11、.3 0.7)0.015%lpp 1.3 0.7ClpppMPat t tMPaCpDpSCtiCn 2)(4 . 4125. 07 . 03 . 185. 013728007 . 03 . 1mmSnmmSn5 . 4mmSn5mmCSn75. 425. 051Wpp)3 . 115. 1 ()(7 . 03 . 11 . 1MPappW)(7 . 03 . 13 . 1MPappWC0 . 1MPat137)(5 . 4125. 07 . 03 . 15 . 00 . 113728007 . 03 . 121. 1mmSnCpDpSCtiCn5 . 0 221. 14.5nSmmmmSn0

12、 . 5333/260.8 /260.0618TiVDmTFVVV24iFD HVV)(673. 08 . 0)0618. 04 . 0(42mHmmH675dHSl)5 . 03 . 0(220, 9 .16, 3,54dHStTpp25. 1)(14. 10 . 17 . 03 . 125. 1MPapTmax()2()TinnpDSCSC)(2 .122) 125. 05(2) 125. 05800(14. 1maxMPa)(15585. 02039 . 09 . 0MPaSMPaMPaS1559 . 02 .122maxmmmml1409 .133300jiDDDNWpMPaMPaWp

13、MPammDj11001000/2minjDS2CmmC12mmSn4mmSn53195. 0mV jH1VVVF)(21. 095. 00618. 04 . 065. 0mmmHj210mmDi11002mmDi8101mmSn5min/80rn KWP0 . 1 常用軸材料的常用軸材料的 69.553 10Pmn)(Nmm)(553. 9maxmmNnPmMTmax TMW69.553 10 PWn)( 1 .3120802 . 00 . 110553. 92 . 010553. 93636mmnPdmax3maxmax18010TMGJ444351 . 0108mmJMPaG、)/(57

14、. 010180351 . 0108800 . 110553. 93446maxmomO/0 . 15 . 0min/200min/80rrncnnnncnmin/200rn L1L2L3L321LLLLMHL1HM21TFLHHH1H 1H124rFiVVHDH1HiL2L1L3LiiDHS3232iiDHiDiH321LLL、)(455455001mmMHL21675203407471()TFLHHHmm1220.2660.06180.407( )4070.844rFiVVHmmmD112iHHhh112407203610()iHHhhmm800iDmm610iHmm22610406()3

15、3iSHmm3400Lmm1234554714001326()LLLLmm1320()Lmm槳槳 式式 齒片式齒片式 彎葉開啟渦輪彎葉開啟渦輪 錨錨 式式 框框 式式 螺帶式螺帶式 螺桿式螺桿式 布魯馬金式布魯馬金式 折葉開啟渦輪折葉開啟渦輪 彎葉圓盤渦輪彎葉圓盤渦輪 推進(jìn)式推進(jìn)式 平直葉圓盤渦輪平直葉圓盤渦輪 攪拌器型式適用條件表攪拌器型式適用條件表視鏡的材料視鏡的材料 202型型 204型型 205型型 206型型 207型型 212型型 222型型 AOPnnY AOnPn)/(AAOPnnnS112212,pABQABABPrk C CABQrk C C1111222121121211

16、1ABABABABk C CSkk C Ck C CCCk2121, 21EEABCC、ABABABCC、ABCC、ABABBBBA21EE21EE21EE12kkAPQ 122,QPPAPQPdCdCrk Ck Crk Cdtdt121221PAPPAQPCkCkCkCkCkrrS)exp()exp(,exp212111tktkkkkCCtkCCAOPAOA1)exp()exp(exp121122121tktktkkkkCkCkSPA)(1);()/ln(211212121kkktkkkkkktoptop)(368. 01);(21max2121max122kkeYkkkkYpkkkp11(

17、0)1AOAAOrAOACCCVdVCQk Ck1212(0)rPPAPOAPVCCk CkCQk Ck C112121(1)(1)AOAPk Ck CCkkk112(1)(1)PPAOCkYCkk0PdYd)(1);(12112121kkkkkkkopop圖圖 27 連串反應(yīng)時(shí)的收率連串反應(yīng)時(shí)的收率)(25. 041);()(21max212211maxkkYkkkkkYpp12/kk12/kkrYxpA,dtTcdrHTTKAvArm)()()()(ArrHdtTcdv)( )(TTKAmVrdtdxnAAAO)()(TTcKAdtdxcCHdtdTmvAvAOrAAxAAxAAAOrdC

18、rdxCt00VdtTcdrHvAr)()(dtdxcCHdtdTAvAOr)(AOAOxxTTt, 0)()(AOAvAOrOxxcCHTTrAAOAOOVrCQCQ)()()(AAAOAAAOOrrxCrCCQV0)()(mpOOpOArTTKATcQTcQrHV)()()(mOpOArTTKATTcQrHV)()(OpOArTTcQrHVRTEkko/lnlnYFQQ)(mTTKA)()()(mOpOArTTKATTcQrHV)()1 ()(pOmOpOpOArcQKATTcQKATcQrHVpOArFcQrHVQ)()()1 (pOmOpOYcQKATTcQKATQnAnAOpOrFx

19、kCcQHVQ)1 ()(nAx )1 ( nnAkx)11()1 ()exp(),1()(RTEkkkkCcQHVQOAOpOrF)exp()exp()(RTEkcVcQRTEkCHVQOppOOAOrFFQpOcQ)()1 (pOmOpOYcQKATTcQKATQYQ)(pOmOcQKATTpOcQKA1TQYTQY(1)OpKAQcTQYFYQQ TQFFYQQ TQFTQY2YFQQFYQQ FYQQYFdQdQdTdT)(pOrAFcQHrVdTddTdQexp)1 (RTExCkrnAnAOA)1 (Ax2)exp()1 ()(RTERTExkCcQHrVdTdQnAnAOpOrA

20、F(1)YOpdQKAdTQc (1)()mYOOpOpKATdQdKATTdTdTQcQc2()()1(1) exp()nnArAOAOpOpVrHKAEEkCxQcQcRTRT2)exp()1 ()(1RTERTExkCcQHrVnAnAOpOrAn n 空管中流體狀況空管中流體狀況 管式反應(yīng)器示意圖管式反應(yīng)器示意圖 ()()AAAArFFdFr dV )1 (,AAOAArAxFFrdVdFAOAOAOArAAOQCFrdVdxF,rAAOAOAdVdxCQr)(ArxAAOAOVrrrdxCQdVV00)(ArAfx)(AAfAOAOrrxCQVAxAAOAOrrdxCQV0)(AdZ

21、dVrAdZdxCQrdVdxCQrAAOAOArAAOAOA)( ,)(dZdxCurAAOAOA)()1 (AAOAxCCdZdCurAAOA)(理想反應(yīng)器體積示意圖理想反應(yīng)器體積示意圖 熱量衡算示意圖熱量衡算示意圖dVrHdTCFdTCFdlTTKAATrPPiPdTTTiRPiRTTimOO)()()()()()()(dTCFPPiPdTTTi)()(dlTTKAm)(dTCFRPiRTTiO)()(PiCdVrHATrO)()(PPiPiRPiRiCFCF)()()()(dVrHdTCFdlTTKAATrPPiPdTTTimOO)()()()()(PPiC )(dVrHdTCFdlT

22、TKAATrPPiPimO)()()()()(rAAOAdVdxFr AAOiAxFlDr24)(lDrHTCFdTCFCFlTTKAiATrPPiPiPPiPiRPiRTTimOO24)()()()()()()()()(ANxANTANrANrlAAOiAxFlDr24)(AxTmNTT AANNANNxxxTTT)1(1;)1(1NANxT、)1(NAr21)1()21(NAANNArrr)1(1;NANxT1NT21NTNT)(21121NNNTTT)1(1NANxT、)1(1NANxT，NiilL1lNLABCAAkCr 9192207.80 10 expkT6.20.62PatmMPahkmolFAO/6 . 1PVnRTRTFPQAOO2 . 6/735082. 06 . 1/PRTFQAOOAxRTPCyFFAOAAOAOO/; 11/ ) 12(; 0 . 1;yoAPRTxyFPFRTQAAOAOO/)1 (AOAAOOCxFQ/ )1 ( )1/()1 ()1 (/)1 (/AAAOAAOAOAAOOAAxxCxFCxFQFCOQAxAAAOOrdxCQV0)(dxxkxkCdxCAAxAAxAAAO00)1 (111l