現(xiàn)在完成時整理歸納

1、現(xiàn)在完成時講解部分現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：助動詞have（has）+ 過去分詞1表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）現(xiàn)在完成時常用的時間狀語有： already （”已經(jīng)” 用于肯定句的中間和末尾處） never (“從不” 用于中間處) ever （”曾經(jīng)” 用于疑問句和肯定句的中間處）just (“剛剛” 用于中間處) yet (“已經(jīng)” 用于疑問句的末尾處 / “還” 用于否定句的末尾處)或不加任何的時間狀語，但不能和表示過去的時

2、間狀語連用.1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的"完成用法" A、定義 現(xiàn)在完成時的"完成用法"指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻并已結(jié)束但該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。 例如He has turned off the light. 他已把燈關(guān)了。 ( 動作結(jié)束于過去但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。) B、特點 現(xiàn)在完成時"完成用法"的特點是動作不延續(xù)因此該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如already yet beforer ecently等)、頻度時間狀語(如never ever once等)、包括現(xiàn)在時刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如thi

3、s morning/ month /year.today等)連用。 例如 Have you found your pen yet? 你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法" A、定義 現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。 例如He has lived here since 1978. 自從1978年以來他一直住在這兒。 (動作起始于1978年一直住到現(xiàn)在可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年

4、多了。 (動作開始于5年前一直延續(xù)至今有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。) B、特點 此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since或for引導(dǎo))或表示與現(xiàn)在時刻相連的時間狀語(如up to now=so far到目前為止)等。 例如I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。 注意現(xiàn)在完成時的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動詞，不可用于終止性動詞即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時間很短的動詞。如comegoarriveleavejoin become等?，F(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至會繼續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作

5、對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。試比較：The plane has arrived . 飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）1. 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作

6、。說話的側(cè)重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情不強調(diào)對"現(xiàn)在"產(chǎn)生的影響。 如 He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時間) 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如 Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。(著重點是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦) 3. 兩種時態(tài)的區(qū)分 (1)一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式而現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語基本構(gòu)成是"助動詞have /has +過去分詞"。如The film started at 7 ocl

7、ock. He has been a teacher for many years. (2) 一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等而現(xiàn)在完成時則常與just, already, ever, never等副詞和these days, this week, since., for.等表示一段時間的狀語連用。 have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法區(qū)別一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀

8、語連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad(國外)二、have(has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵

9、局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如： I have been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。三、have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第

10、二人稱代詞作句子的主語。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 湯姆在哪里？他到書店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了?，F(xiàn)在完成時練習部分 用所給動詞的適當形式填空。 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _(see) it last week. 2. - _ he _(finish) his work today ? -Not yet . 3. -_you _(be) to Hong Kong ? -Yes, I _ (be) there twic

11、e . 4. -_ you ever _(eat ) chocolate ? -No, never. 5. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 6. Where Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 7. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _(become) a large city. 8. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 9.

12、 - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run”. - Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 10. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 11. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 12. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 13

13、. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 14 They _ already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next. 15. -_ you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 請嘗試著做以下的練習 1. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 2. -How long _ the Smiths _(stay)here? - For two

14、 weeks. 3. She _ (be) ill for three days. 4. She_ (not read) this book before. 5. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 6. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet? -Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 7. -How long _you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 8. They _ (live) in China since they

15、 _ (move) to China. 11. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)練習一寫出下列動詞的的過去式和過去分詞 repair be begin pay run send cut catch move feel get eat hold hurt learn leave lose win understand throw swim sleep study sing take wear lay二用所給動詞的適當形式填空 5. - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run”

16、 last week. - Where _ you _ (see) it?6. We _ (hold) a sports meeting next week.11. What _he _ (do) at 8:00 last night?12. Mum_ (cook) when I got home yesterday.13. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 14. The teacher told us that the earth_ (travel

17、) around the sun.15. _you _ (read) todays newspaper yet?16. They _already_ (do) their homework.17.- Where is Jim?- He _ (water) the flowers in the garden.19. A squirrel(松鼠)_ (hide) itself if it_ (feel) dangerous.20.-What_Tom_ (do) now?-He _ (work) on a maths problem.- _ He _ (work) it out?-No, not y

18、et. I _ (think) he _ (work) it out soon.21. - I_ (hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disneyland recently.- Next time you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.22. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 23. If hunters catch a giant panda, they_ (kill) it for its fur.24. My father_ (walk) to school from time t

19、o time.25. -Why are you late again?- Sorry, I_ (not be) late next time.26. - A man named Wang Hao_ (call) you twice just now.- He is one of my old friends. I_ (not meet) him since I left for Hong Kong.27. My parents _ (return) today. Dont forget to meet them at the airport.28. -_Uncle Wang _ (repair

20、) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _(repair) it? - Yesterday.29. -Im hungry Mum.-Hungry? You _just _ (eat) four hamburgers.30. -_you _(be) to Beijing? -Yes, I _already _(be) there twice.三翻譯句子1. 他自從去了美國以后就沒給我寫過信。He_since_ 2. 我們足夠幸運，可以看見國家的變化。We are _to see_with our eyes.3. 我原來居住的地方已變成了一個購物中心。The pla

21、ce I used to live in_ 4. 我不能像以前那樣經(jīng)常看到他們。I cant see them _ 5. 這家工廠過去常常把廢棄物倒進河里。This factory _ into the river.一、動詞填空。 1. She _ (be) away from home for almost four years. 2. The sun _ (rise ) in the east. 3. You look tired. Stop _(work) and _(have) a rest.4. I _ ( not hear) from you for a long time. 5.

22、 My brother _(be ) to England twice. 6. Mr Green _(not come) back to China yet. 7. Who _(teach ) you math last term? 8. They _(go) to the shopping center already. 9. Listen, Xiao Li _ (sing) in the next room. 10. They _(play) football when I walked past. 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)。 1. I have been to Macau before.

23、(改為否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ he come to school? 3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ _ learned English ? 4.I bought a new bike just now.(用just改寫) I _ just _ a new bike. 5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句)

24、 We _ _English _three years 6. He has lived here since 1999.(就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ he_ here? 7. They have already finished the work.變否定 They _ _ the work _. 8. My father got there two days ago.同義句 My father _ _ there for two days. 9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.同義句 Mr. Li _ _ Engli

25、sh in this school since 1999. 10.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ _ they _ the room this week? 11. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. 同義句 My father _ _ _ England _. 選擇題1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have bee

26、n friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story book for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those for

27、eign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Hai

28、kou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go,

29、will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 12.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough. A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 13. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 14. -_ you _ to

30、Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 15. Your sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, h

31、as gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago. A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought 17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A. finishes

32、B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing 19. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 20. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he _ the party three years ago. He _ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has b

33、een C. was joined; is D. joined; was 21. -What a nice bike! How lone _ you _ it? -Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had 22. I _ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 23. -_ your sister _ in Green China for a l

34、ong time? - -Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. -How long have you _ from the USA? -For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D . had 26. The

35、 students are sorry to hear that famous singer _for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 27. - _ you_ your homework yet? -Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather _ in B

36、eijing several times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. -How long have you been here? - _ last month. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He _ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught 31. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has com

37、e B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began 33.Where have you _ these days? I have to Beijing with my friends. A. beengone B. beenbeen C. gonebeen D. gonegone 34How long have you _ this book A. bought B.borrowed C. had D.l

38、ent 35. We have lived here _ five years ago A. when B.since C.before D.after 36I have watched the game. When _you _ it ? A.havewatched B.dowatch C.didwatch D.willwatch 37How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black? OhI _ such a beautiful city. Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 38Miss Br

39、own _ to the Great Wall twice. Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to YunnanAafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 40.His grandpa _ for two years. A.was died B.has been dead C.was dead D.has died 練習：I翻譯下列句子：1. 你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯條嗎？2. 我剛剛丟了我的化學書。3. 我以前從來沒去過那個農(nóng)場

40、。4. 他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。5. 你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？6. 我哥哥還沒回來。7. 我上星期看過這部電影。8. 在1992年他住在這里。II 用過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.” “When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?” “Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.

41、”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?

42、11. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .” “Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.” “When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”練習：用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago3) _ last month 4) _ 19995) _ yesterday6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours8) _ an hour ago9) _ we were children 10) _ l

43、unch time11) _ she left here用since和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性arrive at/in sw. g

44、et to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since_ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here

45、since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be marri