現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞j精講精練

1、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞的-ing形式屬于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，可在句子中作謂語(yǔ)以外的各種成分，如主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。否定形式是在分詞前直接加not.一 作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，用于名詞前或名詞后1） 說(shuō)明名詞本身具有的性質(zhì)、特征如： an interesting story a challenging task an exciting news a surprising news an amusing film2) 說(shuō)明名詞的用途如： a walking stick a reading roombuilding materials drinking water3) 表分詞與名詞之

2、間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。這兩個(gè)意思可取其中一個(gè)，也可兩者兼顧。如： the rising sun a dancing girl smiling faces a flying bird boiling water the couple getting married the girl eating her lunch現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的考點(diǎn)：主要考查現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) 1）說(shuō)明分詞與名詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或動(dòng)作已結(jié)束，這兩個(gè)意思可取一個(gè)，也可兩者兼顧如： boiled water used stamps fallen leaves spoken language the pr

3、ofessor invited to the meeting the bridge completed last month 2) 說(shuō)明后天產(chǎn)生的某種情緒 excited students a surprised look練習(xí):1. Most of the professors _ to the conference were from Beijing University.A. invited B. to invite C. being visited D. had been invited2. The lady scolded the thief caught _ and let him

4、off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealingC. to steal D. stealing3. Mr. Smith, _ of the _speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring4. Will those _ the children from abroad come to the headmasters office ? A. teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. w

5、ho teaching5. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree ? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying二 作賓語(yǔ)1） 些動(dòng)詞后只能 + doing常見(jiàn)只能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的詞: avoid , advise; admit; consider; dislike; escape; enjoy; finish; mind; miss; risk; suggest; practise; imagine; keep; 以及短語(yǔ): cant help (不禁, 忍不住); keep on ; be worth; feel

6、 like; look forward to 其中advise; allow; permit; forbid; recommend可+ doing作賓語(yǔ), 但要用 to do 作賓補(bǔ):We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow him to smoke here.2） 有些單詞如: stop; remember; forget; regret; try; mean可接和作賓語(yǔ), 但意義有很大區(qū)別3） need; require; want 作 “需要”時(shí), + doing / to be done4） 介詞后只能用 doing.練習(xí):1. I would

7、enjoy _ back tonight.A. you to call B. you callC. your calling D. youre calling2. How about the two of us _ a look at the pictures ?A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taken3. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to prepare for tomorrows exam.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having

8、 gone4. Many cant help _ the room because shes busy with her homework.A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned5. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in6 They would not allow him _ across the enemy fire. A. to risk go

9、ing B. risk to go C. risking to go D. risk going三 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 修飾動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系為主動(dòng)且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行如： Can you smell something burning ? People saw the police breaking the window with a hammer. There is an old man walking in the street.這種結(jié)構(gòu)常用于以下的單詞：1） 感官動(dòng)詞 see; hear; smell; watch; notice; feel; find; observe等2） 使

10、役動(dòng)詞 make; let; have3） keep; leave及there be句型如： I heard her singing a beautiful song at the party last night. There were some boys shouting and crying under my window. The teacher made him standing for a whole class. The doctor kept the patient waiting outside for an hour.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的考點(diǎn)：1. 使役動(dòng)詞let; make;

11、 have 及感官動(dòng)詞hear; see; notice; feel; watch; observe等后面可接不定式; 現(xiàn)在分詞及過(guò)去分詞， 考試一般考查賓補(bǔ)用do/ doing/ done的哪種形式。+ 不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程; + 現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作與賓語(yǔ)之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 及動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;+ 過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作與賓語(yǔ)之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 及動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成. 如:I must see my child cross the street.I saw the thief stealing her money.You will see many problems settled in this way.

12、2. 當(dāng)感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)是不定式時(shí)， 要省掉不定式符號(hào)to。 如：The boss made Miss White type the letter again.而當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí) 必須把to補(bǔ)充出來(lái). 如Miss White was made to type the letter again.3當(dāng)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn),不加任何詞.His sister made him cry today.-Who did his sister make cry today?Would you like to have him repair your watch?-Who would you like

13、to have repair your watch?4 除了這些詞, 其它動(dòng)作的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)則一般用不定式. ask sb to do sth; 等等.練習(xí):1. I warned my son _ after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never driveC. never driving D. never drive2. Wang Tao was made _ the dishes for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing3. The teache

14、r raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _ .A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard4. The missing boy were last seen _ basketball on the playground.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play5. The boy wanted to swim in the lake, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not to

15、do it D. do not to6The teacher made the boy _ for a whole class as a punishment. A. standing B. stand C. stood D. to stand7. They saw a young man _ the old building. A. entering B. enter C. entered D. to enter8. He saw an old man _ by a big truck yesterday. A. knocking B. knock C. knocked D. to knoc

16、k9. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked四 作表語(yǔ)主要考查現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞,; 現(xiàn)在分詞表與生俱來(lái)的性質(zhì). 特征. 屬性; 過(guò)去分詞表受外物影響而產(chǎn)生的某種情緒, 屬后天的.如: The story is very interesting. He is interested in the story.五 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ):a) 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)都表示動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系.現(xiàn)在分詞表時(shí)間. 原因. 伴隨和

17、條件.不定式一般強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作在主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生; 而現(xiàn)在分詞一般強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作與主句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生.如: Seeing the beautiful sights , she burst into laughter.b) 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)有兩種形式, 一般式 (doing) 和完成式 (having done). 一般式強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生; 而完成式強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生.如: Not knowing that a storm was coming, I went out.Having written the compositio

18、n, I took a short rest.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的考法：1） 主要考查現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)與主句的主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系； 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)與主句的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系. 一般式 (done) 和完成式 (having been done). Reading attentively, he forgot the time for lunch.He lay on the grass, looking at the sky for a long time.Seeing the beautiful sights, she burst into laughter.G

19、iven more attention, the trees could have grown better.Seen from top of the mountain, the town looks small.2) 考查現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該用一般式還是完成式 _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with

20、the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added3) 考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與主句主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。這種考法主要考查現(xiàn)在分詞用于狀語(yǔ)從句的省略句， 與主句主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，表該現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出來(lái)的While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the do

21、orbell rings4) 考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)The man lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.The students listened to the teacher carefully, with their eyes fixed on the blackboard.5) 分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ), 其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響, 稱作獨(dú)立成分.judging from/ by consideringgenerally speaking compared with/ to 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu), 就是分詞有其自

22、己的獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ), 可以不與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ), 所以在語(yǔ)法上不是句子. 此結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中起方式、時(shí)間、條件、伴隨情況等狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句的作用。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)與句子的主體部分分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。Weather permitting, well go sightseeing.It being Sunday, we went climbing.Nobody being in the room, I didnt go in.There begin no time left, wed better hurry.The task finished, we went out.The plan ma

23、de, we all had a rest.綜合練習(xí):1. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have causedC. to cause D. having caused2. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. run3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a loo

24、k at the sports stars.A. had B. having C. to have D. have4. While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings5. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-7878.A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having f

25、ound out6. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough.A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained7. We set out at 9:00_ home at 10:30.A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived8. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right.A. letting

26、you not know B. not letting you knowC. letting you know not D. letting not you know9. The headmaster wanted the new classroom building _ as soon as possible.A. to put up B. to be put upC. to have been put up D. being put up10. She made a candle _ us light.A. give B. gave C. to give D. given11. He fe

27、lt a stone _ his back.A. hitting B. hit C. hitted D. to hit12. In Australia, he made a lot of friends _ a very practical knowledge of the English language.A. get B. to get C. getting D. got13. -What did you mean by saying that ?-I mean no harm. I only _ .A. meant helping B. want to help C. meant to

28、help D. want helping14. She searched the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest15. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied16. On Saturday afternoon, M

29、r Green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited his cousin.A. bought B. buying C. to buy D.buy17.-The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot _ . A. turning it off B. turn it off C.to turn it off D. having turned it off17. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players

30、 until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first playedC. first played D. to be first playing18. _ is know to all, China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A. That; advancing B. This; advancedC. As; advanced D. It; advancing19. -Do you feel like _ there or shall we take a bus ?-Id l

31、ike to walk. But since there isnt much time left, Id rather we _ a taxi.A. walking; hire B. to walk; hireC. to walk; hired D. walking; hired20. The stranger you saw_ with a big traveling-bag stayed in Room 104 yesterday.A. to come in B. come inC. has come in D. who came in21. -Im very _ with my own

32、cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.-Mm, it does have a _ smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant22. The problem _ at the meeting tomorrow is very important to all of us.A. discussed B. to discuss C. being discussed D. to be discussed23. “Do

33、you have any clothes _ today ?” Father asked Mother.A. washing B. to wash C. washed D. to be washed24. He raised his hand _ the taxi _.A. to have; to stop B. to have; stopC. having; stopping D. having; stop25. He hurried to the station only _ the train had left.A. to be told B. to tell C. telling D.

34、 told26. The bus rolled into the valley, _ ten deaths and more wounded.A. to cause B. caused C. causing D. having caused27. George went house-hunting for a week but still he didnt find a room _.A. to live B. for living C. to live in D. to be lived in28. I advise you _ twice before _ to accept the po

35、sition.A. to think; deciding B. thinking; to decideC. to think; decide D. think; decide29. My sisters had to wash their faces and hands. I was _, but I wouldnt till my mother told me _ the mirror.A. asked; to look in B. asking to; to look inC. asked to; to look in D. asking to; looking in30. General

36、ly _, English is not difficult to learn.A. speaking B. to speak C. spoken D. speak31. The girl was made _ she didnt love at all. A. marry a man B. to marry a man C. to marry with a man D. married with a man32. Walking down the street the other day ,_. A. I saw unusual something happened B. a terribl

37、e accident happened C. something unusual was seen by me D. I saw a terrible accident33. The news_ Jim. He was _ at the news. He found the news _. A. surprised; surprised; surprising B. surprised; surprising; surprised C. surprising; surprised; surprised D. surprising; surprising; surprised34. There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed35. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a lon