2020高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)第三講根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞或短語的含義

1、第三講根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞或短語的含義“搜索帶入法”突破3類詞義猜測題、代詞指代題1 .解題步驟Step 1：返回原文Step 2 ：向上搜索Step 3：帶入原文VStep 4 ：確定答案找出出題的指代詞正上.文最近的名詞、名詞性短語 或句子將找到的詞、詞組或句子的意思 代人替換該指代詞，看其意思是 否通順將找到的同、詞組或句了與四個 選項進行比較，找出最佳答案2 .解題指導(dǎo) 向上搜索時，先從上文最近點開始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不會離得太 遠，答案一定是代指上文最近的某個名詞或短語 示例（2019全國卷II閱讀A）Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolita

2、n and co-author of theThis Book Will series 保列） of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl' s writing and it（me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda' s battles with fcruel par

3、ents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they ' re also aspirational.21.Who does "I " refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar.D.Roald Dahl.分析：Step 1返回原文一找出出題的指代詞I。Step 2向上搜索一找最近的句子(Here she picks her top reads.),其中s

4、he指代JoUsmar。Step 3帶入原文一將找到的句子的意思代入替換代詞IStep 4確定答案一選C二、詞匯猜測題詞匯猜測題不是考查考生的詞匯量，而是要求考生根據(jù)上下文中的已知信息對單 詞或詞組的具體語義進行合理推測。涉及的詞語有四類：熟詞新義、生僻單詞和 詞組短語。詞義猜測題在前文中已經(jīng)具體闡述，請參考。1.解題步驟Step 1 ：返回原文找出出題的同；VStep 2 ：確定詞性Step 3：帶入原文Step 4：確定答案確定該詞匯的伺性從上下文（詞匯的前后幾句）中 找到與所給詞匯具有相同同性 的詞（如下子找不到就再往上 往下找）代人所給詞匯在文章 中的位置（將之替換）看語義是 否合適我

5、出選項中與代替詞意思相同 或相近的選項即答案2.解題指導(dǎo)(1)如果該詞匯是簡單詞匯，則其字面意思必然不是正確答案。(2)高考閱讀不是考查認識不認識詞，而是考查是否能根據(jù)上下文作出正確的判斷。(3)詞匯題的正確答案經(jīng)常蘊藏在原文該詞匯出現(xiàn)的附近。注意不能靠單詞詞義直接往下推。(4)尋找時要注意同位語、特殊標點(比如分號，分號前后兩句話的邏輯關(guān)系不是形式上的并列就是語義上的并列，也就是兩句話的意思相同，所以可用其中一句話的意思來推測另一句話的意思從而推出所給詞匯含義卜定語從句、前后綴，特別要注意尋找時的同性原則。比如：讓猜一個名詞詞組(動詞詞組)的意思，我們就向上向下搜索名詞詞組(動詞詞組)。示例

6、(2019天津卷閱讀D)We veall known people who run out of steam before they reach life 'halfwaymark.I ' m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We can' t all get there.Italking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinion

7、s that all too often come with passing years.52.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.End one ' s struggle for liberty.B.Waste one ' s energy taking risks.C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.D.Lose the interest to continue learning.分析：Step 1返回原文一找出出題的詞匯run out of stearnt

8、Step 2確定詞性一確定該短語為動詞詞組。Step 3帶入原文一根據(jù)畫線部分后作者說的“我談?wù)摰氖悄切┮呀?jīng)不再學(xué)習(xí)成長的人，因為他們已經(jīng)接受了固定的態(tài)度和觀點，這些都是隨著時間的流逝而來的”可知，畫線短語的意思是“沒有興趣繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)Step 4確定答案一把選項帶入原文，驗證應(yīng)選 D項。、句子理解題1.解題步驟把R”返回限文一 找出出題的句子VStep 2：理解語境對原句進行語法和詞義的精確 分析（找主F）.應(yīng)該重點抓原句 的字面含義。若該句的字面含 義不能確定，則依據(jù)上下文進行 判斷。注意；局部含義是由恪體 決定的°Step 3：確定答案找出選項中與代替句子意思相 同或相近的選項.即

9、答案。 I2.注意事項（1）一般來說，選項中的正確答案與原句意思完全相同，只不過用其他英語詞匯換 種表達而已。（2）句子理解題的干擾項特征：推得過遠。做題時應(yīng)把握住推的度。示例（2018浙江卷閱讀A）The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before longthe cat began to look ragged （蓬舌 L）.His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.T

10、he cat' s 10t was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin ，s cousins Mr.Pennington, came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin' s drawings.When hewent home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings （版畫）by an artist.These were the first pictures and

11、first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.22.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A.The cat would be closely watched.B.The cat would get some medical care.C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.分析：Step 1返回原文一找出出題的句子 The cat's

12、 lot was about to improve.Step 2理解語境一由前文可知，本杰明在沒有專業(yè)畫筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫筆的。畫線句的字面意思是“貓的命運將會得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的堂兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫筆。Step 3確定答案一由此可推知D項與畫線句的意思相符?！炯磿r訓(xùn)練】A（2019 廣州高三調(diào)測）When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the O

13、lympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier.But the glacier was gone melted by the warming climate.Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn't there anymore.Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change.And that gav

14、e Jennifer Wren Atkinson a full-time lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell, US, an idea for a class.This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies.She used the experiences of Native American tribes（部落）， scientists and activists, a

15、nd asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fixthat “this is such an intractable problem that they ' going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives."Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic（懷疑論者）.Then he did his own reading and research and ch

16、anged his mind.Dillon wasn ' t going into environmental Iworhe was a computer-science major.Yet the potential for a worldwide environmental catastropheseemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full-time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration

17、恢復(fù)）projects.Six months into the work ， he decided that Atkinson cslass was just what he was looking for a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate. Atkinson said she hopes the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen

18、 over their lifetimes.“ We are already changing the plane t so many species are going to be los，tdisplaced or massively impacted，”she said.“ The future isn gtoing to be what theyimagined.”【語篇解讀】Fawn Sharp通過一次搭乘直升機飛行的經(jīng)歷認識到了冰川融化和環(huán)境污染問題的嚴重性，同時 Jennifer Wren Atkinson決定給學(xué)生開設(shè)課程，教學(xué)生如何面對環(huán)境污染，她的課程讓很多學(xué)生關(guān)注環(huán)境問題

19、。1 .Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?A.To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp s further research.B.To prove Fawn Sharp s work is similar to Atkinson s.C.To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.D.To show scientists concern about the Mount Anderson glacier.答案 C 推理判斷題。通讀第一段可知，F(xiàn)a

20、wn Sharp在一次直升機飛行中意識到氣候變化導(dǎo)致了冰川融化；由此可推知，作者在第一段中提及Fawn Sharp的例子是為了引出下文氣候變化導(dǎo)致環(huán)境問題的話題，故選C。 2 .What s the main purpose of Atkinson s? s clasA.To explore how different people deal with climate change.B.To get students more concerned about the environmental issue.C.To find solutions to the environmental iss

21、ue of Olympic Mountains.D.To teach students how to conduct research about environment.答案 B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“and asked her 24 students to face.for therest of thei門ives.”可知，她讓她的24個學(xué)生面對這個事實沒有簡單的解決方法，這是一個很難解決的問題，學(xué)生們將用他們的余生來解決這個問題。由此可知，Atkinson的課的目的是讓學(xué)生更加關(guān)注環(huán)境問題，故選 B。3 .Which of the following best explains “

22、intractable urnderlined in Paragraph Three?A.Simple.B.Difficult.C.Common.D.Interesting.答案 B 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文可知，Atkinson用美洲土著部落、科學(xué)家以及積極分子們的經(jīng)歷讓她的24個學(xué)生面對這個事實一一沒有簡單的解決方法，并結(jié)合該句 “this is such an intractable problem that the，re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives"可知，這是一個如此困難的問題以至于學(xué)生們要用他們

23、的余 生來解決它，故選B。4 .How did Atkinson ' s class influence Dillon?A.It made him work as a part-time volunteer for restoration projects.B.It made him realize a planet-wide climate disaster would happen.C.It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.D.It discouraged him to work on r

24、estoration projects for the environment.答案 C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Six months into the workdiscuss hisconcerns about a changing climate可知，Dillon在環(huán)保組織做了六個月志愿者之后，他認為在Atkinson的課堂上他可以討論他對氣候變化的擔憂；由此可推知，Atkinson的課鼓勵Dillon參與環(huán)境保護，故選 C。B（2019 安徽五校聯(lián)盟質(zhì)檢）While visiting the North Pole in winter may not be at the top of y

25、our bucket list, the ever-changing ICEHOTEL , which opened its doors to visitors on December 14 this year, may change your mind.200 km north of the Arctic Circle in the Swedish village of Jukkasj?rvi, the hotel, which is carved entirely from ice, is rebuilt annually.The 35 rooms, built to accommodat

26、e visitors on all kinds of budgets, vary from expensive suites to basic rooms that are furnished with just an icy bed and a reindeer skin.Among the highlights this year is the “ SpruceWoods” suite.Sculpted by Christopher Pascoe and Jennie O Keefeof Canada， it describes a camping scene complete with

27、a classic microbus， a forest， and even an artificial campfire.There is also the artfully- carved “ Living Ocean” suite to remind visitors of the importance of saving our oceans.The room is full of carved sea life that includes coral and a shark “ swimming ” right over the ice bed.“ The suite is insp

28、ired by global warming and the overfishing that affects our oceans，”says artist Jonathan PaulGreen.“ I also think the idea of using frozen water from a river in northern Sweden to create an ocean with shell，s fish ， and coral is exciting.”The nearby “ Haven” suite is a “ magicalgate of ice ” guarded

29、 by two large animals.“ We are inspired by the meeting between people and want to create an experience that stimulates curiosity and creativity，” says artist Jonas Johansso“n. It feels like a dream to get to work with ice that allows our love for light ， shine， and reflection to wander freely from t

30、hought to creation.”Regardlessof whether visitors select the carved suites or the basic ice rooms， the temperature is always set to a bone-chilling -5 ！ That is why guests are advised to snuggle幡伏）up inside sleeping bags and wear gloves and winter hats all night.Not surprisingly ， most end up spendi

31、ng just a single night at this unique hotel before moving on to the conventional and warmer hotels nearby.【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了北極圈的一家用冰建成的旅館。5 .What does the underlined phrase “bucket list ” mean in the text?A.A shopping list of buckets.B.A list of travelling destinations.C.A list of expensive hotels. D.A list of exciting ideas.答案 B 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“While visiting the North Pole.maychange your mind”可知，雖然冬天去北極旅游可能不是你的首選，但這家不斷變化的冰旅館可能會改變你的想法；該旅館于今年 12 月 14 日向游客開放。由該句中的“visiting the North Pole” “the ever-changing ICEHOTEL”“visitors” ，并結(jié)合語境可推知，畫線詞意為 “ 旅游目的地的列表” ，故 B 項正確。 6 .W