專題02閱讀理解專題之文章出處及文體類型題-2020高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧專項(xiàng)突破

1、專題2閱讀理解專題之文章由處及文體類型題命題特A:«<【設(shè)問形式】判斷文章出處及文體類型題常見設(shè)問形式:1 )Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom2 )Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?3 )Thepassageismostlikelyapartof.4 )Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?5 )Whattypeofwritingisthistext?【考查方式】高考閱讀理解文章出處的考查旨在考查學(xué)生對一篇文章的內(nèi)容的理解及對各種文章出處的特點(diǎn)和常識(shí)，對文章的體裁和

2、題材的準(zhǔn)確把握能力。幾乎所有話題都有可能涉及文章出處、文章類別的的閱讀題目。答題思路:«<解答文章出處和文體類型題主要從文章的體裁和題材內(nèi)容來作出判斷?？忌枰诶斫馕恼碌幕A(chǔ)上去了解各種出處的特點(diǎn)，以便結(jié)合文章的內(nèi)容、關(guān)鍵詞作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。首先注意常見的出處類型的特點(diǎn)：如新聞報(bào)道(newspaper)的首段通常為導(dǎo)語，包括人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或事件等；科普類雜志(sciencemagazine)或科普類說明文常會(huì)出現(xiàn)scientistshavefound;theresearch/studyshowsthat等表明實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的句子；雜志的文章更為豐富，話題更具體，語言比較輕松活潑；廣

3、告(advertisement)的用詞和格式特殊，很好辨認(rèn)，廣告可能會(huì)談到某產(chǎn)品的特色、價(jià)格等，會(huì)透露出鼓勵(lì)讀者去了解和購買的信息。產(chǎn)品說明，器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會(huì)有服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、用量等。研究報(bào)告(report),語言嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真，文章往往保護(hù)具體的數(shù)據(jù)或事實(shí)依據(jù)，實(shí)際情況等。課本教材(textbook),會(huì)使用教化性的語言，說理講解味較為濃厚，對閱讀對象的指向性很明確。傳記(biography):歷史性強(qiáng)，時(shí)間線索比較明顯，往往包含重要事件?？苹眯≌f(sciencefiction):內(nèi)容多為對某些尚未出現(xiàn)或發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)發(fā)明等進(jìn)行想象和預(yù)測。旅行指南(tra

4、velguide/guidebook):給旅游者提供一些旅游信息，介紹當(dāng)?shù)氐囊恍┖萌ヌ?，如：餐館、公園、旅游景點(diǎn)等網(wǎng)站(website)內(nèi)容廣泛，文章常出現(xiàn)click等網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練【例題】1.2013全國1B篇Theybabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital.Sheisquietbutalert（警覺）。Twentycentimetersfromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawhitecardwithtwoblackspotsonit.Shestaresatitcarefully.Aresearcherremove

5、sthecardandreplacesitbyanother,thistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaced.Asthecardschangefromonetotheother,hergaze（凝視）startstoloseitsfocus-untilathird,withthreeblackspots,ispresented.Hergazereturns;shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscard.Canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthree,just24h

6、oursaftercomingintotheworld?Ordonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewer?Thesameexperiment,butwiththreespotsshownbeforetwo,showsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.Perhapsitisjustthenewness?Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjects（acomb,akey,anorangeandsoon）,changingthenumber

7、ofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.Coulditbethepatternthattwothingsmake,asopposedtothree?Noagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothree,orthreetotwo.Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbe

8、camemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo;likewise（同樣地）whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.63 .Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Sciencefiction.B.Children'sliterature.C.Anadvertisement.D.Asciencereport.解析：文章主要講通過研究人員的實(shí)驗(yàn)，來證明嬰兒具備感知數(shù)量的能力。根據(jù)題材內(nèi)容判讀符合研究

9、報(bào)告的特點(diǎn)，所以選D【舉一反三】ATherewasalotofnewsrelatedtoartificialintelligence,orAI,andmachinelearning.Amongthestoriesweretwodealingwithdirectcompetitionsbetweenhumansandmachines.Inonecompetition,machinesthatusedAIperformedbetterthanhumanbeingsinahigh-levelreadingtest.Twonaturallanguageprocessingtoolsbeathumani

10、ntheexperiment.OneofthetoolswasbuiltbytheAmericantechnologycompanyMicrosoft.TheotherwascreatedbyChineseonlinesellerAlibabaGroup.Inanothercompetition,acomputertookonhumansinlive,publicdebates.TheeventdemonstratedhowAI-poweredcomputersareincreasinglybeingdevelopedtothinkandsoundlikehumans.Theorganizer

11、ofthedebates,U.S.technologycompanyIBM,announcedsplitresults.Itsaidamajorityofthosewatchingsaidtheyfeltthemachinehaddonemoretoimprovetheirknowledgeofthesubject.But,thehumangotmorepraiseforcommunicatingtheirideas.Thisyear,wealsoexploredthemanywaysAIandmachinelearningarenowbeingused.Forexample,someU.S.

12、judgesusemachinelearningsystemstohelpthemdecidewhen,andforhowlong,criminalsshouldbejailed.Thesystemusescomputerstoexaminedatafromthousandsofcourtcases.Onefast-growingareaofAIisfacialrecognition,whichisincreasinglybeingusedforsecuritypurposes.Recently,Atlanta'sHartsfield-Jacksonairportbecamethefi

13、rstintheU.s.topermitpassengerstousefacialrecognitiontechnologytogetonflights.AChinesecompanyshowedoffanAIsystemitdevelopedtorecognizeindividualsbybodyshapeandwalkingmovements.ThesystemisalreadybeingusedbyChinesepoliceinBeijingandShanghai.Inaddition,machinelearningwasusedduring2018topredictresultsoft

14、heWorldCupsoccercompetition.Thetechnologyalsocreatedartworkthatsoldforalargeamountofmoney.Anditisbeingusedtohelpfarmersavetimeandmoney,whilereducingenvironment-harmingchemicals.Othertechnologysystemsarebeingusedtofollowfarmanimalsandwildlifetocollectinformationontheiractivities.1. Whywerethetwocompe

15、titionsmentionedinthepassage?A. ToshowhowmuchbetterAIandmachinelearningarethanhumans.B. ToproveAIandmachineLearninggotmorepraiseforcommunication.C. ToshowhowpowerfulAIandmachineLearningare.D. ToproveAIandmachinelearninghavebeenusedintheworkofU.S.judges.2. Whatarefacialandbodyrecognitionsystemsusedfo

16、rinthepassage?A.Knowledgelearning.B.Safetycontrol.C.Officeautomation.D.Trackingsurvey.3. Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A. AIhasbeenwidelyusedineveryperson'sdailylife.B. HumancanbereplacedbyAIinfuturecompletely.C. MoreattentionisbeingpaidtoAIineverypartoftheworld.D. MoreadvancedAlishelpingpeoplei

17、nmoreandmoreareas.4. Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?1 .Atechnologyreport.B.Anaturalsciencemagazine.C.sciencefiction.D.Agovernmentdocument.A：【解析】這是一篇說明文。人工智能和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)快速發(fā)展，機(jī)器在一些比賽中超過了人類。除此以外，機(jī)器和人工智能被應(yīng)用于很多領(lǐng)域。2 .推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二第三段可知在第一場比賽中，使用人工智能的機(jī)器表現(xiàn)得比人類更好；在第二個(gè)比賽中，機(jī)器人在公開辯論中挑戰(zhàn)人類，結(jié)果大多數(shù)觀看者認(rèn)為機(jī)器在提高他們對這門學(xué)科的知識(shí)方面做得更好。這兩個(gè)比賽

18、都體現(xiàn)了人工智能和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的強(qiáng)大，選Co3 .細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Onefast-growingareaofAIisfacialrecognition,whichisincreasinglybeingusedforsecuritypurposes.”可知人工智能的一個(gè)快速發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域是面部識(shí)別，它越來越多地被用于安全目的。故選Bo4 .推理判斷題。根據(jù)someU.S.judgesusemachinelearningsystemstohelpthemdecidewhen,“可知些美國法官使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)來幫助他們決定罪犯應(yīng)該被監(jiān)禁的時(shí)間和期限，再根據(jù)最后兩段可知機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能還被應(yīng)用于安全監(jiān)控和預(yù)

19、測世界杯足球賽的結(jié)果，保護(hù)環(huán)境等。根據(jù)這些可以推斷機(jī)器在越來越多的領(lǐng)域幫助著人類，故選D。5 .推理判斷題。本文文章主要是關(guān)于人工智能和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的，最有可能是來自于科技報(bào)告(Atechnologyreport.),故選A。BManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThcolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbiaarelittlepowedhiousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecom

20、monberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白質(zhì)）,ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物質(zhì)）.TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhich

21、areantioxidants.Asforcherries（櫻桃）,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat"icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinand

22、placetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“so-tser

23、ve"creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sfeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.5. Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.6. Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.7. Whatis“ajuicer"inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Adrink