(完整word版)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案及練習(xí)題(word文檔良心出品)

1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)-被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只有需要 動(dòng)作對(duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。女口： He opened the door.他打開(kāi)了這扇門。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）The door was ope ned.這扇門被打開(kāi)了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞 be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)

2、成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變問(wèn)式與否定式的變化也如此。1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)較常見(jiàn)的八種，現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞clean為例列表說(shuō)明:段形態(tài)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)一般famiscleaned.are£was cleanai were/will be cleanedL Shall進(jìn)行1r呦j is being cleaned.'are_was bang cleaned完成j-have been cleanedhad been cleaiiedrwill have been cleaned 'shall2、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化：以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與動(dòng)詞invite為例，列表說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化:肯定句否定

3、句1 am invited.I am not invited.Hc/She/It is invited.HefSh吧/It is not invited.We/Yoo/They are invited.We/You/They are not invited疑iff句簡(jiǎn)略回答肯定回答否走回答Am I indted?Yes, you araNo,you ar erf t.嚴(yán)Is vshe L inviteil?Yes, pheF isitHa,Jstie L1LJLit JAre you invited?Yesp Ji amLwe ar ciNo,|T am not. Iwe araf tArew

4、einvited?.they JYes, we/yoii are.V they JNo,Jwe/ycmi aren't-L they三、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的三部曲：1主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)。2謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~ by的賓語(yǔ)（主格改為賓格）,組成介詞短語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。在動(dòng)詞執(zhí)行者無(wú)須說(shuō)明或強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。Nancy designed the beautiful dress.四. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1）帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞。The baby should be taken good car

5、e of by the baby-sitter.2）有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后 面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。His mother gave him a prese nt for his birthday. 可改為 He was give n a prese nt by his mother for his birthday.3）當(dāng) 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。Some one caught the boy smok ing a cigarette. 可改為 The

6、 boy was caught smok ing a cigarette.4） 在使役動(dòng)詞 have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。Some one saw a stra nger walk into the buildi ng. 可改為 A stra nger was see n to walk into the buildi ng.5）有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如動(dòng)詞+介詞”，動(dòng)詞+副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們

7、看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.五、五.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)v.+ing形式及不定式 to do也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，分別是being done與to be done。例 I don't like being laughed at in the public.The meeting to be held tomorrow is about air pollution.六、如何使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不僅要知道被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1. 講話者不知道動(dòng)作的

8、執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者（這時(shí)可省by短語(yǔ)）。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 為了更好地安排句子。例 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了）【注意】七、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1. 英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如break, catch, clean

9、, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write , wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door won't lock .（指門本身有毛?。㏕he door won't be locked .（指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門，指 門沒(méi)有鎖"是人的原因）2. 表示 發(fā)生、進(jìn)行"的不及物動(dòng)詞與短語(yǔ)，女口： happen, last, ta

10、ke place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out,give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。How do the newspapers come out?這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的呢？3. 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sou nd, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Your reas on sounds reas on able.八、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞與不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。1. 在nee

11、d, want, require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例 The house needs repairing （to be repaired）. 這房子需要修理。2. 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading . （= The picture-book is very worthy to be read .）3. 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式與名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又與句

12、中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon . （to do 與 things 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與 I 是主謂關(guān)系。）試比較：I 'll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?（此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。）4. 在某些 形容詞+不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有 nice, e

13、asy, fit, hard, difficult , important, impossible , pleasant, interesting等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me）.5. 在tooto 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 This book is too expensive （for me） to buy.6. 在there be句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)， 重點(diǎn)在物。例 There

14、 is no time to lose （to be lost）.（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose ; 用 to be lost，誰(shuí) lost time 不明確。）7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而，由于古英語(yǔ)的影響，下列動(dòng)詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?九、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，含被動(dòng)之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前一

15、般不用 冠詞。1. “unde名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 某事在進(jìn)行中 ”常見(jiàn)的有：under control （受控制），under treatment （在治療中），under repair（在修理中），un der discussi on （在討論中） ，un der con struct ion （在施工中）。例 The buildi ng is un der con struct ion（ is being con structed）.2. “beyond名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),出乎勝過(guò)、范圍、限度”常見(jiàn)的有：beyond belief （令人難以置信），beyond one' s re

16、ac（鞭長(zhǎng)莫及），beyond one' s contro（無(wú)法控制），beyond our hope.我們的成功始料不及。例 The rumour is beyond belief （ =can' t be believed.3. “above名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"品質(zhì)、行為、能力等）超過(guò)、高于”。例 His hon est character is above all praise . =His hon est character cannot be praised eno ugh.4. “for名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，表示適于、為著"。如：for sale（

17、出售）,for rent （出租）等。例 That house is for sale. （= That house is to be sold）.5. “in名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，表示在過(guò)程中或范圍內(nèi)"常見(jiàn)的有：in print （在印刷中），in sight（在視野范圍內(nèi)），等。例 The book is not yet in print . （=is not yet printed）6. “on名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 在從事 中”常見(jiàn)的有：on sale（出售），on show （展出），on trial （受審）。例 Today some treasures are on

18、 show in the museum （= are being showed）.7. “out of名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)；表示 超出 之外“常見(jiàn)的有：out of control （控制不了 ）, out of sight （超出視線之外）， out of one ' s r夠不著）,out of fashion（不流行）等。例 The pla ne was out of con trol （ca n ' t be con trolled）8. “within+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，在內(nèi)、不超過(guò) ”。例 He took two days off within the teac

19、her's permission .十、十、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當(dāng)“be過(guò)去分詞”作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過(guò)去分詞是表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1. 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例 The glass is broken. （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The glass was broke n by the boy.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）2. 如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例 The door is locked . （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The door hasalread

20、y/just been locked .（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）3被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)與完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)與完成時(shí)態(tài)。例 The machine is being repaired .十一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與高考試題賞析1. 高考對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查例析1) . In some parts of the world, teawith milk and sugar. (NMET1993)A. is servi ng B. is served C. serves D. served解析B因?yàn)閟erve是及物動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作承受者 tea作主語(yǔ)，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，故

21、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2) . This is Ted' s phone. We miss him a lot. Hetrying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killi ng解析C Ted是kill的承受者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且Ted救人發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3) . - Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet，the rooms. (NMET1991) A. are bei ng

22、 pain ted B. are pai ntingC. are pain ted D. are being painting解析A “house與 “paint應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，排除B , D。后者未搬進(jìn)新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，排除C。4) . When and where to go for the on-salary holidayyet. (上海春 2003)A. are not decided B. have not bee n decided（上海春2001）C. is not being decided D. has

23、 not bee n decided解析D decide是及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以的語(yǔ)境與關(guān)鍵詞yet，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不定式做主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5）. The man ager en tered the office and was happy to lear n that four-fifths of the tickets.A. was booked B. had bee n bookedC. were booked D. have bee n booked解析B句中tickets是book（訂票）的承受者，主謂為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又

24、因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在作之前，所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2. 高考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，須用被動(dòng)式。弄清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。decide要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。從題干entered the office 這個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)1) . Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remainswhether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)A. to see B. to be see nC. see ing D.

25、 see n解析B根據(jù)題意，那對(duì)老夫婦是否到國(guó)外旅行是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉C、D兩項(xiàng)；又因remains的邏輯主語(yǔ)it是動(dòng)詞see說(shuō)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，即 到國(guó)外旅行”這件事，這件事有待于 被決定”應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。2) . While shopp ing，people sometimes cant helpinto buying someth ing they don'(上海 need.A. to persuaded B. persuadi ngC. being persuaded D. be persuaded解析C can' t help doing

26、禁不住做某事”排除A與D ;顧客應(yīng)是 被勸說(shuō)"購(gòu)物的，要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3）. I feel it is your husband whofor the spoiled child. （上海 2002）A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame解析A feel的賓語(yǔ)從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場(chǎng)合可用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如to blame,to let 等。-7 -被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)、選擇題1. a new libraryin our school last

27、 year?A. Is; builtB. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build2. An accidenton this road last week.A. has bee n happe ned B. was happe ned C. is happe nedD. happe ned3. Cotton （棉花） in the southeast of China.A. is grow nB. are grow nC. growsD. grow4.So far, the moonby man already.A. is visitedB. will

28、be visited C. has bee n visited D. was visited5. A talk on Chin ese historyin the school hall next week.A. is give nB. has bee n give nC. will be give nD.gives6.How many treesthis year?A. are pla ntedB. will pla ntC. have pla ntedD. pla nted7.A lot of thin gsby people to save the little girl now.A.

29、are doingB. are being doneC. has bee n doneD.will be done8.-Whe nthis ki nd of computers? -Last year.A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used9.The Great Wallall over the world.A. knowsB. knewC. is knownD. was known10.Whothis book?A. did; writte nB. was; written byC. did; writte nD. was; writte

30、 n11.A storyby Granny yesterday.A. was told usB. was told to usC. is told usD. told us12.The mon key was see noff the tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump13.The school bagbeh ind the chair.A. putsB. can be putC. can be puttedD. can put14.0lder peoplewell.A. looks afterB. must be looked after C. m

31、ust look after D. looked after6. The stude ntsofte n（tell） to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He（must send） to the hospital.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits（sell） in this shop.9. Whatknives （make） of ?They（make） of metal（金屬）and wood.10. Can the magaz ine（take） out of the lib

32、rary?三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。1.1s tea grown in South China ?（改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）peopletea in South China ?2.1 am given a birthday present by my parents every year .（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）A birthday present by my parents every year .3. The work is going to be finished in two days.（ 對(duì)戈U線提問(wèn) ）How the work going to be fini shed ?4. The ch

33、ildren will sing an English song.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）An En glish song by the childre n.5. You need n't do it now.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）It by you now.6. People use metal for making machines.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ）Metal maki ng machi nes.7. He made me do that for him.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）I that for him.【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】1. If city noisesfrom increasing , people

34、shout to be heard even at dinner.A.are not kept;will have toB.are not kept;haveC.do not keep;will have toD.do not keep;have toC. be liste ned D. is liste ned15.0ur teachercarefully.A. should be liste ned to B. should be liste n16. Great changesin our provi nce.Ma ny tall buildings.A . have bee n tak

35、e n place, have bee n set up B . have take n place, have bee n set upC . have bee n take n place, have bee n set up D . were take n place, were set up17. The new hall is the tallest buildi ng in this town.from here?A . Can it see B . Can it be see n C . Can it see n D . Can see18. As soon as we got

36、to the airport,we found that the plane.A . had already take n off B . already took offC . was already tak ing off D . was already take n off19. Some of the hotels in my hometown.A . have now bee n rebuildi ngB . are now rebuildi ngC . are now being rebuilt D . are rebuilt now二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。（請(qǐng)注意時(shí)態(tài)

37、與語(yǔ)態(tài)兩個(gè)方面噢）1.1 t's said（據(jù)說(shuō)）that the long bridge （ build） in two mon ths .2. Where to have the meeting （discuss） now.3. Which Ianguagethe most widely （ speak） in the world ?4. The lost boy （ not find ） so far.5. Last year a large number of trees （ cut） down .2. The fifth gen erati on computers, wit

38、h artificial in tellige nee, areand perfected now.A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have bee n developed3. -the sports meet might be put off .-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A .rve been told B .ve toldC. rm told D . I told4. I will n eed one more stamp before my collectio n.A. has completed B. completesC. has bee n completed D. is completed5. Rain forestsand bur ned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the n ear future.A. cut B. have cutC. are being cut D. had bee n cut6. The new suspe nsion bridgeby the end of last mon