高考備考英語語法之主謂一致

1、高考備考英語語法之二主謂一致要點(diǎn)概述：v1就近原則就近原則v1)兩個(gè)做主語的名詞或代詞由兩個(gè)做主語的名詞或代詞由 either or ,neithernor ,not only but also, or 連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與最近的主語保持一致連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與最近的主語保持一致v2) there be/ here be 結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中be 動(dòng)詞與后面的最近的名詞保持一致。動(dòng)詞與后面的最近的名詞保持一致。v3)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)v4) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+which / that /who(引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句) +謂語用復(fù)數(shù)謂語用復(fù)數(shù); that/which 引導(dǎo)定語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞

2、與先行詞一致。引導(dǎo)定語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞一致。v2 . 就遠(yuǎn)原則就遠(yuǎn)原則v1）主語后面跟）主語后面跟as well as, with ,together with, in addition to，besides，along with, including ;except, but, not; like 短語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞和最前面的名詞一致短語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞和最前面的名詞一致v2）each 作同位語時(shí)，它不決定單復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞跟前面的主語一致。作同位語時(shí)，它不決定單復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞跟前面的主語一致。v3) the only/very one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+which / that /who

3、 +謂語用單數(shù)謂語用單數(shù)v3 意義一致原則意義一致原則v1）集合名詞，作為整體時(shí)看為單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。）集合名詞，作為整體時(shí)看為單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。v2）單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞，根據(jù)主語本身要表達(dá)意思來判斷謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞，根據(jù)主語本身要表達(dá)意思來判斷謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。還是復(fù)數(shù)。v3） 表示數(shù)目，時(shí)間，金額或距離的名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語根據(jù)意義將其看作表示數(shù)目，時(shí)間，金額或距離的名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語根據(jù)意義將其看作整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。v4）由）由and 連接的名詞短語如果表示同一人或事物，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)；若表連接的名詞短語如果表示同一人或事物，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)；若表示兩個(gè)

4、不同的概念，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)。示兩個(gè)不同的概念，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)。v5）分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)）分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of + n.； a majority/minority of +n謂語動(dòng)詞跟后面謂語動(dòng)詞跟后面的中心詞的中心詞n. 保持一致。保持一致。v6)不定代詞做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如不定代詞做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如something，nobody，somebodyv7)each, either, neither, another, the other 做主語或主語被和他們有做主語或主語被和他們有關(guān)的短語修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。關(guān)的短語修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。v8)有些以有些以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂

5、語通常用單數(shù)形式結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式v9）the number of （謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)）（謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)）;a number of /a great many of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 (謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù))v10）the +adj. 指人用復(fù)數(shù)指人用復(fù)數(shù),指物用單數(shù)指物用單數(shù).v11) “form（s） / kind（s） / type（s） of + 名詞名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與form（s）等的單復(fù)數(shù)一致，此時(shí)，若名詞是不可數(shù)名）等的單復(fù)數(shù)一致，此時(shí)，若名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。詞，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。v4

6、 形式一致原則形式一致原則vmany a + n（單數(shù)）（單數(shù)） / more than one +n（單數(shù)）（單數(shù)） / every(each) +n +（+and+ each +n）/ a majority(minority)極少數(shù)極少數(shù)/ one and a half +復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞數(shù)名詞 以上的短語做主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。以上的短語做主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。一，一，概念透析概念透析: :定義：主語和謂語動(dòng)詞在定義：主語和謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱人稱和和數(shù)數(shù)上保持一致。上保持一致。幾個(gè)做題原則幾個(gè)做題原則1 1就近原則就近原則-謂語和最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致1)1)兩個(gè)做主語的名詞或代詞由兩個(gè)做主語

7、的名詞或代詞由either either or ,or ,neitherneithernor ,nor ,not only not only but also, but also, or or 連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與最近的主語保持一致連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與最近的主語保持一致識(shí)記例句v1，Not only he but also I a teacher. vA am B is C are D wasv2, Neither the students nor the teacher anything about it.(know) A know B knows 3,The manager or his as

8、sistant 3,The manager or his assistant planning planning to go.to go. (were or was)2) there be/ here be 2) there be/ here be 結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中be be 動(dòng)詞與后面的最動(dòng)詞與后面的最近的名詞保持一致。近的名詞保持一致。例如，例如，1,There1,There a pen and two books on the desk.(isa pen and two books on the desk.(is or are) or are)2, Here 2, Here a letter

9、 and a book for you.(isa letter and a book for you.(is or are) or are)3)3)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 1 1，He works well in the factory, so He works well in the factory, so she.she.（dodo） 2 2，The boy doesnt like playing football,neitherThe boy doesnt like playing football,neither/nor/nor（ ） his younger brother.his youn

10、ger brother.（do)do)3,On the top of the hill 3,On the top of the hill a temple.(stand a temple.(stand) )4) 4) one ofone of + +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+which / that /who(+which / that /who(引導(dǎo)定引導(dǎo)定語從句語從句) +) +謂語用復(fù)數(shù)謂語用復(fù)數(shù); ; that/which that/which 引導(dǎo)定語從句，引導(dǎo)定語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞一致。謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞一致。He is one of He is one of studentstuden

11、ts who s who to catch snake.(dareto catch snake.(dare) )2 2 就遠(yuǎn)原則就遠(yuǎn)原則謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最遠(yuǎn)（最前面）謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最遠(yuǎn)（最前面）的主語保持一致：的主語保持一致： 1 1）主語后面跟）主語后面跟as well as, with ,together with, as well as, with ,together with, in addition toin addition to，besidesbesides，along with, along with, including ;except, but, not; lik

12、e including ;except, but, not; like 短語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞和最前面的名詞一致和最前面的名詞一致A boy A boy with his parents with his parents going to zoo next week.(be going to zoo next week.(be) )Nobody Nobody but the students but the students in the classroom.(be in the classroom.(be) )She not I She not I playing volleyball

13、.(like playing volleyball.(like) )2 2）each each 作同位語時(shí)，它不決定單復(fù)數(shù)。謂語作同位語時(shí)，它不決定單復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞跟前面的主語一致。動(dòng)詞跟前面的主語一致。They each a dictionary. （have）（區(qū)別：（區(qū)別：each of them has a dictionary.）3) 3) the only/very one ofthe only/very one of + +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+which / +which / that /who +that /who +謂語用單數(shù)謂語用單數(shù)He is the only one of

14、 students who to catch snake.（dare）3 意義一致原則意義一致原則-指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)數(shù), ,但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。1 1）集合名詞，作為整體時(shí)看為單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)看作）集合名詞，作為整體時(shí)看為單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)。 如：如：Group/class/committee/family/army/team/audience/government/staffMy famil

15、y having lunch now. （be）(family強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體)My family moved into the new house. （have）family強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)整體調(diào)整體)The basketball team of 20 players.（ consist）（team強(qiáng)調(diào)球隊(duì)整體）強(qiáng)調(diào)球隊(duì)整體）The basketball team having a bath now.（be）（）（team強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體-球隊(duì)球員）球隊(duì)球員）2 2）單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞，根據(jù)主語本身要表達(dá)意思來判斷）單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞，根據(jù)主語本身要表達(dá)意思來判斷謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)

16、。如如means, cattle, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, works, species, fish A sheep running along the riverEvery means of solving the problem discussing.The cattle grazing near the river. 牛在河邊吃草牛在河邊吃草（Is needs are）3)3)表示數(shù)目，時(shí)間，金額或距離的名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語根表示數(shù)目，時(shí)間，金額或距離的名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語根據(jù)意義將其看作整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。據(jù)意義將其看作整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Twenty dollars

17、too expensive for the book.Two hours enough for us to finish the experiment. （Is is ）4 4）由）由and and 連接的名詞短語如果表示同一人或事物，謂連接的名詞短語如果表示同一人或事物，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)；若表示兩個(gè)不同的概念，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)。動(dòng)用單數(shù)；若表示兩個(gè)不同的概念，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：如：The bread and butter my favorite. (同一事物指同一事物指“黃黃油面包油面包”) The singer and the dancer from another country. (兩個(gè)不兩個(gè)不同身

18、份的人，指同身份的人，指那個(gè)歌唱家和那個(gè)舞蹈家那個(gè)歌唱家和那個(gè)舞蹈家)（is come）5 5）分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)）分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of + n.+ of + n.； a majority/minority a majority/minority of +nof +n謂語動(dòng)詞跟后面的中心詞謂語動(dòng)詞跟后面的中心詞n. n. 保持一致。保持一致。6)6)不定代詞做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如不定代詞做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如somethingsomething，nobodynobody，somebodysomebody7)each, either, neither, another, the other 7

19、)each, either, neither, another, the other 做做主語或主語被和他們有關(guān)的短語修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞用單主語或主語被和他們有關(guān)的短語修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。數(shù)。Neither answer is correct. Each of them likes eating cakes 8)8)有些以有些以s s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，語通常用單數(shù)形式，如如news, mathematics, physics, politics等等No news good news. Maths popular in our cl

20、ass.9 9）the number of the number of （謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)）（謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)）;a number of ;a number of /a great many of + /a great many of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ( (謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)) ) The number of athletes 40. A number of / a great many of the students diligent.（is is is are）1010）the +adj. the +adj. 指人用復(fù)數(shù)指人用復(fù)數(shù), ,指物用單數(shù)指物用單數(shù). .如：如：the wounded

21、(傷員傷員)，the old(傷員傷員) 謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)；謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)；the beautiful(美好的事物美好的事物)，the good(好的地方優(yōu)點(diǎn)好的地方優(yōu)點(diǎn))謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)。謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)。 The old taking good care of. The beautiful worthy of being remembered.11)11) “formform（s s） / kind/ kind（s s） / type/ type（s s） of + of + 名名詞詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與formform（s s）等的單復(fù)）等的單復(fù)數(shù)一致，此時(shí)，若名詞是不可

22、數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用數(shù)一致，此時(shí)，若名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：如：This kind of book well. Two kinds of salt proved to be harmful to human body. 區(qū)區(qū)別：別：Books of this kind sell well （need is sells have ）4 4 形式一致原則形式一致原則不注重短語表示意思，只注重不注重短語表示意思，只注重其形式，形式為單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)：其形式，形式為單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)：many a + n（單數(shù)）（單數(shù)） / more than one +n（單

23、數(shù)）（單數(shù)） / every(each) +n +（+and+ each +n）/ a majority(minority)/ one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 以上的短語做以上的短語做主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Many a student playing the computer games.More than one student ever been to Beijing. One and a half hours enough. Every man and every woman at work.A majority expected to be admi

24、tted to the famous university.（likes has is is is ）習(xí)題精練：習(xí)題精練：1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isnt B. is C. arent D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And e

25、ach of them _45 minutes.A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither he or I a professional football player.A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ only one difficult sentence and few new words in lesson one. It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200.

26、 A. is B. are C. has D. have B C B B A A 7. Mathematics _ my favorite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city.A. were sleeping B is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asleep 9.Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. ar

27、e B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11.Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. The office staff_ gathered to hear the president speak.A. is B. are C. be D. will 13. This pair of gla

28、sses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be B A D A B D C 14 Both Lily and Lucy _to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city，the old _. A. take good care of B.