人教課標高一必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars單元復習課件

1、單單詞詞名名詞詞與天文及物理相關：與天文及物理相關：astronomy, globe, atmosphere, gravity, satellite, physicist, spaceship, pull 與生物及化學相關：與生物及化學相關：atom, carbon, dioxide, acid, oxygen, biology, biologist 其它：其它：system, religion, theory, billion, chain, puzzle, climate 單單詞詞動動詞詞multiply, exist, crash, float 形形容容詞詞violent, fundam

2、ental, harmful, gentle 副副詞詞thus介介詞詞unlike短短語語詞詞匯匯表表in time, lay eggs, give birth to, in ones turn, prevent . from, block out, cheer up, now that, break out, watch out for 課課文文in all directions, a cloud of, all sorts of, as well as, for the first time, be different from, have a chance to do sth., mak

3、e a trip, on ones journey, push sb. back into, get the hang of 句句式式1. . as +形容詞形容詞+ a(n) +名詞名詞+ as . 例句：例句：When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.2. now that引導原因狀語從句引導原因狀語從句 例句：例句：“Oh, dear,” I cried, “walking does need

4、 a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”語語法法主語從句主語從句1. _ n. 系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng); 體系體系; 制度制度2. _ n. 學說學說; 理論理論3. _ n. 大氣層大氣層; 氣氛氣氛4._ prep. 不同不同; 不像不像5._ n. 鏈子鏈子; 連鎖連鎖; 鎖鏈鎖鏈systemtheoryatmosphere unlikechain(一一) 基本單詞基本單詞6. _ n. 氣候氣候7. _ vi. & vt. 碰撞碰撞; 墜落墜落8. _ n. & vt. 拉拉(力力); 拖拖; 牽引力牽引力9. _ vi. &

5、amp; vt. (使使)浮動浮動; (使使)漂浮漂浮 n. 漂浮物漂浮物climatecrashpullfloat10. _ adj. 猛烈的猛烈的; 激烈的激烈的; 強暴的強暴的 _ n. 暴力暴力11. _ adj. 有害的有害的 _ n. 傷害傷害; 害處害處12. _ vi. 存在存在; 生存生存 _ n. 存在存在; 生存生存violentviolence(二二) 派生單詞派生單詞harmfulharmexistexistence13. _ n. 謎謎; 難題難題 vt. & vi.(使使)迷惑迷惑; (使使)為難為難 _ adj. 令人迷惑的令人迷惑的 _ adj. 迷惑

6、的迷惑的puzzlepuzzlingpuzzled1. 及時及時; 終于終于2. 下蛋下蛋3. 產生產生; 分娩分娩4. 輪到某人輪到某人; 接著接著5. 阻止阻止; 制止制止in timelay eggsgive birth toin ones turnprevent from6. 感到高興感到高興; 感到振奮感到振奮7. 既然既然8. 突發(fā)突發(fā); 爆發(fā)爆發(fā)9. 密切注視密切注視; 當心當心; 提防提防10. 擋住擋住(光線光線) cheer upnow thatbreak outwatch out forblock out1. No one knows exactly how the ea

7、rth began, as it happened so long ago.沒有人確切知道地球是怎樣開始形成的沒有人確切知道地球是怎樣開始形成的, 因為在很早以前它就形成了。因為在很早以前它就形成了。 as引導的從句表示原因。引導的從句表示原因。2. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道, 直到直到38-45億年前億年前, 這團塵埃才慢慢

8、地形成一個這團塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體的球狀物。固體的球狀物。 what引導主語從句。引導主語從句。3. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 這就產生了一系列的反應這就產生了一系列的反應, 使得生命就有使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了?？赡荛_始發(fā)展了。 make it adj./n. for sb./sth. to do sth.4. . , I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. , 我發(fā)覺我

9、被送出去很遠我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠, 步子的跨度步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍竟是在地球上的兩倍, 因而我摔倒了。因而我摔倒了。 times as.as. 是是的幾倍的幾倍1. violent adj. 猛烈的猛烈的; 激烈的激烈的; 強暴的強暴的 (課文原句課文原句) The earth became so violent that is was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 翻譯翻譯：地球：地球(開始開始)變得激烈動蕩，不知道變得激烈動蕩，不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去。這個固體形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去。 【歸納歸納】 vio

10、lent crime 暴力犯罪暴力犯罪 【拓展拓展】 violently adv. 猛烈地猛烈地; 激烈地激烈地 violence n. 暴力暴力; 暴行暴行2. harmful adj. 有害的有害的 harm n. 傷害傷害, 損害損害 (課文原句課文原句) What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 翻譯翻譯：很多科學家相信，由于地球上長

11、：很多科學家相信，由于地球上長期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性特質溶解在海洋里。酸性特質溶解在海洋里。 【歸納歸納】 be harmful to 對對有害有害 do harm to 損害損害 There is no harm in doing sth./ It does no harm to do sth. 做某事沒有什么壞處做某事沒有什么壞處 3. exist vi. 存在存在; 生存生存 (課文原句課文原句) They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million y

12、ears. 翻譯翻譯：它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億：它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。四千多萬年。 【歸納歸納】 exist on 靠靠為生為生 exist by 以以方式為生方式為生 exist in 存在于存在于之中之中 There exists/existed. 某地有某地有; 存在存在 【拓展拓展】 existence n. 存在存在; 生存生存 come into existence 產生產生; 成立成立; 開始存在開始存在 in existence 存在存在4. puzzle vt. 使迷惑使迷惑; 使為難使為難; 使窘困使窘困; 感到感到 迷惑迷惑 n. (游戲的游戲的

13、)猜謎猜謎; 難題難題; 謎謎 (課文原句課文原句) How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. (P27) 翻譯翻譯：地球上的生命是如何開始的，科：地球上的生命是如何開始的，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)很難解釋這個最大的難題。學家發(fā)現(xiàn)很難解釋這個最大的難題。 【歸納歸納】 puzzle over/about sth. 苦苦思索苦苦思索; 仔細琢磨仔細琢磨 puzzle sth. out 琢磨出琢磨出的答案的答案 【拓展拓展】 puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的迷惑不解的(

14、常用來修飾人常用來修飾人) puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的令人迷惑不解的(常用來修飾常用來修飾 事物事物)5. pull n.& vt. 拉拉(力力); 拖拖; 牽引力牽引力 (課文原句課文原句) As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity. 翻譯翻譯：隨著火箭的升空，由于我們在努：隨著火箭的升空，由于我們在努力掙脫地球的引力，我們被向后推在座位力掙脫地球的

15、引力，我們被向后推在座位上。上。 【歸納歸納】 pull apart 拆卸拆卸; 拆散拆散 pull away (車輛等車輛等) 開走開走 pull down 拆毀拆毀; 摧毀摧毀 (建筑物建筑物) pull in (車輛車輛) 進站進站; ?？客？?pull out 駛出駛出; 退出退出 pull through 康復康復, 痊愈痊愈 pull up 停車停車1. in time 及時及時; 終于終于; 總有一天總有一天 (課文原句課文原句) They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and oth

16、er gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 翻譯翻譯：它：它(地球地球)猛烈的爆炸噴出了烈火猛烈的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石，最終產生了二氧化碳、氮氣、與巖石，最終產生了二氧化碳、氮氣、水蒸氣和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地水蒸氣和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。球的大氣層。【拓展拓展】 in no time 立刻立刻; 馬上馬上 ahead of time 提前提前 at a time 每次每次; 逐一逐一 at times 有時有時; 間或間或 all the time 一直一直, 始終始終 from time to time 有時有

17、時; 偶爾偶爾 many a time 多次多次; 常常常常 time after time 一次又一次一次又一次; 總是總是 Thank God youre safe! I stepped back, just _ to avoid the racing car. A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain2. in ones turn 輪到某人輪到某人; 接著接著 (課文原句課文原句) Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. 翻

18、譯翻譯：于是，他們接著成為了這個行星：于是，他們接著成為了這個行星上最重要的動物。上最重要的動物。 【拓展拓展】 in turn 輪流輪流; 依次依次; 逐個逐個 take ones turn 依次依次; 輪流輪流 take turns to do sth. 輪流做某事輪流做某事 Its ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事輪到某人做某事3. cheer up 感到高興感到高興; 感到振奮感到振奮 (課文原句課文原句) I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabi

19、n watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger. 翻譯翻譯：我立刻感到很高興，由于失重我：我立刻感到很高興，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后的身后的)地球越來越小，而地球越來越小，而(前方的前方的)月球越來越月球越來越大。大?！就卣雇卣埂?cheer sb. on (賽跑賽跑/比賽等中比賽等中)以喝彩聲以喝彩聲 鼓勵鼓勵, 為為(某人某人)加油加油 cheer for. 為為歡呼歡呼 Cheers! (用于祝酒用于祝酒)干杯干杯!4. break out (戰(zhàn)爭戰(zhàn)爭/火災火災/疾病等疾病等)突發(fā)

20、突發(fā); 爆發(fā)爆發(fā) (課文原句課文原句) We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. 翻譯翻譯：隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船：隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。的外層燃燒起火。 【拓展拓展】 break away from 突然掙脫突然掙脫; 逃脫逃脫 break down 出故障出故障; 垮掉垮掉 break in 強行進入強行進入; 打斷打斷 break into sth. 突然開始突然開始 break off 斷開斷開;

21、中斷中斷 break through 取得突破取得突破 break up 結束，解散，分手結束，解散，分手Peter will _ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. (2015陜西卷陜西卷)A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up 【考點定位考點定位】考查動詞短語考查動詞短語句意：句意：Peter在這個月底將從事旅行社負責在這個月底將從事旅行社負責人的職位。人的職位。take up拿起，開始從事；拿起，開始從事；put up豎立；搭建；豎立；搭建；a

22、dd up加起來；加起來；break up結束；分解。所以選結束；分解。所以選A。 A 1. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.it是形式賓語是形式賓語, 真正的賓語是不定式短語真正的賓語是不定式短語to develop。it作形式賓語時常用在作形式賓語時常用在find/ make/ think/ considerit adj./n.to do 結構中。結構中。1. 這么壞的天氣這么壞的天氣, 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)爬到山頂是不可我們發(fā)現(xiàn)爬到山頂是不可能的。能的。 We find it imp

23、ossible to climb to the top of the hill in such bad weather.2. 他認為學好英語口語對他來說是重要的。他認為學好英語口語對他來說是重要的。 He considered it important for him to learn spoken English well.【仿寫仿寫】it作形式賓語作形式賓語, 除指代不定式結構外除指代不定式結構外, 還可還可指代指代that引導的賓語從句。如：引導的賓語從句。如：They made it clear to the public that they did an important and

24、necessary job.他們向公眾表明他們向公眾表明: 他們所做的工作重要且他們所做的工作重要且必不可少。必不可少。2. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”now that引導原因狀語從句引導原因狀語從句, “既然既然, 由由于于”, 相當于相當于since, 而且而且that可省略?？墒÷?。下列介詞短語也可以用來表示原因下列介詞短語也可以用來表示原因: due to 由于由于, 歸功于歸功于 because of 因為因為 on account of

25、 由于由于, 因為因為 owning to 由于由于, 因為因為 thanks to 由于由于, 多虧多虧(多作表語或狀語多作表語或狀語) as a result of 由于由于 _ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further andkeep on going. (2015安徽卷安徽卷)A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that考點：考查狀語從句考點：考查狀語從句 句意：曾經讓他感到想放棄的地方，現(xiàn)在他決句意：曾經讓他感到想放棄的地方，現(xiàn)在他決心繼續(xù)前進。心繼

26、續(xù)前進。where表示地點，引導讓步狀語從表示地點，引導讓步狀語從句；句；as引導讓步狀語從句常用倒裝，即引導讓步狀語從句常用倒裝，即tired as he has; in case表目的；表目的；now that表原因。這里表原因。這里指讓他感到想放棄的地方。故選指讓他感到想放棄的地方。故選A。A復合句中充當句子主語的從句叫主語從句。復合句中充當句子主語的從句叫主語從句。【要點精講要點精講】引導主語從句的詞有連詞引導主語從句的詞有連詞that, whether；連接；連接代詞代詞who, what, which；連接副詞；連接副詞when, where, how, why等。如：等。如：Wh

27、ether you can do it by yourself mainly depends on your ability, not your age.What I need most now is more time and more patience.When you can finish the work is of great importance.主語從句主語從句that引導主語從句時，在句中無實際意義，引導主語從句時，在句中無實際意義，只起連接作用，不作句子成分。當它引導只起連接作用，不作句子成分。當它引導的主語從句置于句首時，的主語從句置于句首時，that不能省略；如不能省略；

28、如果用果用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，從屬連詞時，從屬連詞that可以省略。如：可以省略。如：That the teacher will come is certain.It is a pity (that) you made such a careless mistake.常見由常見由it作形式主語的句型如下：作形式主語的句型如下： It+ be+ n.+主語從句。常見名詞有：主語從句。常見名詞有：fact, rule, pleasure, truth, pity等。如：等。如： It is a fact that English is being

29、 accepted as an international language. Its a rule that new members must sing a song. It+ be+ adj.+主語從句。常見形容詞有：主語從句。常見形容詞有：true, important, necessary, clear, certain等。如：等。如： Its true that the earth is round. It was important that you rest. It+v.+主語從句。常用動詞：主語從句。常用動詞：seem, appear, happen, follow等。如：等。

30、如： It seems that Ive made a mistake. It appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved. It+be+v-ed+主語從句。常用過去分詞：主語從句。常用過去分詞：known, said, proven, asked, suggested等。等。如：如： Its well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. Its said that he was a spy during the war.如果主語從句置于句首，則不能用如果

31、主語從句置于句首，則不能用if引導，而引導，而用用whether；但如果用；但如果用it作形式主語，而把主作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，也可以用語從句放在句末時，也可以用if引導。如：引導。如：Whether Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.It was doubtful whether / if Tom really saw Sharon.1. _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (2015北京北京卷卷) A. Where B. How C. Why D. When 句意

32、：我們如何理解事情與我們所感受的句意：我們如何理解事情與我們所感受的有很大關系。根據(jù)句意可知，主語從句缺有很大關系。根據(jù)句意可知，主語從句缺少方式狀語，因此選擇少方式狀語，因此選擇how。故選。故選B。 B主語從句分多種，主語從句分多種，解題時要分析原題空中缺解題時要分析原題空中缺少的是何種狀語少的是何種狀語。這類題考生首先要利用主。這類題考生首先要利用主句與從句之間的邏輯關系判別，句與從句之間的邏輯關系判別，尤其是連詞尤其是連詞在從句中的功能在從句中的功能，由于引導主語從句的連詞，由于引導主語從句的連詞功能有所分別，較為容易抉擇，但有的連詞功能有所分別，較為容易抉擇，但有的連詞的形式一樣，但

33、具有不同意思，這就需要考的形式一樣，但具有不同意思，這就需要考生仔細甄別，充分利用與之相關內容或與其生仔細甄別，充分利用與之相關內容或與其搭配相關詞語的意思。搭配相關詞語的意思。名師點睛名師點睛2. Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. (2014大綱卷大綱卷) A. whether B. why C. when D. how 句義：土豆確切是在何時被引進到歐洲還句義：土豆確切是在何時被引進到歐洲還不確定，但是大約是在不確定，但是大約是在156

34、5年左右。年左右。Whether表示表示“是否是否”，why表示表示“原因原因”；how表示表示“方式方式”。根據(jù)后半句。根據(jù)后半句it was probably around 1565.可知本句談論可知本句談論的是時間。故的是時間。故C正確。正確。 C 用適當連接詞補全對話。用適當連接詞補全對話。Lucy: Why are you looking so happy?Jenny: Ive just attended a lecture. 1. _ the speaker said made me excited.Lucy: What was it about?Jenny: About heal

35、th. It seems 2. _ a lot of people dont know how to keep healthy.Lucy: Sounds great. 3. _ Im concerned about is my health condition at the moment. But what should I do to be healthy?What WhatthatJenny: 4. _ you will stay healthy depends on two factors exercise and diet.Lucy: You know I always do some

36、 running on the road every night.Jenny: Whether you take exercise is one thing, but 5. _ you take exercise is quite another. You shouldnt run at night because it will affect your sleep. Besides, 6. _ you do your running isnt favorable. You should run in the park instead of on the road.Whether When W

37、hereLucy: I see. I can see it is important 7. _ now I have to change my bad habits.Jenny: Also, you must be careful with your diet. Its well-known 8. _ we are what we eat. So you should eat more vegetables.Lucy: Youre right. In fact I always eat too much meat. But I will change myself.that that 【寫作任

38、務寫作任務】根據(jù)目前對某市高中生心理狀況調查顯示，根據(jù)目前對某市高中生心理狀況調查顯示，大部分學生普遍存在的最嚴重的心理問題是大部分學生普遍存在的最嚴重的心理問題是自信心不足。主要原因有：自信心不足。主要原因有：1. 學生交際范圍狹窄；學生交際范圍狹窄；2. 家長的期望過高；家長的期望過高；3. 學校存在不恰當?shù)谋容^和評價學校存在不恰當?shù)谋容^和評價 (evaluation)方式。方式。說明文寫作說明文寫作如何解決問題如何解決問題假如你是該市某英語學習報的兼職編輯，請假如你是該市某英語學習報的兼職編輯，請根據(jù)以上提示信息，寫一篇英文短文，點明根據(jù)以上提示信息，寫一篇英文短文，點明問題，并給出合理

39、的解決方法。問題，并給出合理的解決方法。注意：注意：1. 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)120左右。左右。 2. 可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫?？蛇m當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_【寫作指導寫作指導】解決問題類說明文，是針對某一問題，向讀者解決問題類說明文，是針對某一問題，向讀者提出具體的解決辦法。提出具體的解決辦法。該類文章主要包含以下內容：該類文章主要包含以下內容：問題；產生問題；產生的原因；如何解決；對解決辦法的評價。的原因；如何解決；對解決辦法的評價。就本篇寫作而言，可分為三個段落：就本篇寫作而言，可分為三個段落：第一段：點明問題，明確需要解決的問題是學第一段：點明問題，明確需要解決的問題是學生的心理問題。生的

40、心理問題。第二段：分析學生的心理問題存在的原因并提第二段：分析學生的心理問題存在的原因并提出解決問題的辦法。出解決問題的辦法。第三段：對所提出的解決方法進行適當論述。第三段：對所提出的解決方法進行適當論述?！境Ｓ帽磉_常用表達】1. Problems: . is really a problem. One of the difficulties is. / The question is .It is difficult / hard to do. . is a problem that we have to face.It is of great importance for us to. I

41、t has become the biggest concern of.Unless we take effective measures, it is likely that.According to a recent survey, there are more and more .2. Reasons:There is no doubt that the reason why . is that . The reasons for . can be listed as follows.The following three factors contribute to . First of

42、 all, . Secondly, . Thirdly, .3. Solutions:It is high time that something were done to. We have figured out many ways to.Only in this way can we. To solve the mentioned problems, we must.Firstly,. Secondly,. Finally,. There might be two solutions. The first one is to.We can solve the problem by. In

43、other words, the best way to solve the problem is. 4. Conclusions:In a word / To sum up . By doing . you will .With the help of . we can manage to overcome / pull through these difficulties.We must find out new ways to cope with any problems that would arise.【參考范文參考范文】 According to a recent survey,

44、most high school students in our city appear to lack self-confidence, which has been the most serious psychological problem. The reasons can be listed as follows. The narrow range of interpersonal communication is one of the main reasons. The high expectation from parents is often said to be another

45、 cause. Also, there still exist some improper comparison and evaluation methods in many schools. Its high time that something were done to solve the problem. First, students should communicate more with others. Second, parents should pay more attention to their childrens thoughts. Finally, schools s

46、hould change their comparison and evaluation methods. In my opinion, all these changes will certainly help students build up their self-confidence as long as they are done properly.I. 選用合適的連接詞填空（每個連接詞限用選用合適的連接詞填空（每個連接詞限用一次）。一次）。what, that, who, how, where, whether, why, when1. Its surprising _ quick

47、ly the weather can change here.2. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about.3. Has it been announced _ the plane is to take off ? Yes. Half past ten.how what whenwhat, that, who, how, where, whether, why, when4. _ the temple once stood is now a large parking garage.5. It never occu

48、rred to me _ you could succeed in persuading Jim to change his mind.6. _ we qualify or not depends on how we play the next game.Wherethat Whetherwhat, that, who, how, where, whether, why, when7. It is still open to question _ is to head the group.8. _ these Chinese statues are in a French museum is

49、an important part of our story today.who WhyII. 根據(jù)括號內的漢語提示補全下面句子根據(jù)括號內的漢語提示補全下面句子。1. _ (與多數(shù)系統(tǒng)不同與多數(shù)系統(tǒng)不同), this one is very easy to use.2. As shots rang out, the crowd _ (跑向四面八方跑向四面八方).3. Heres some information that may help you sign in _ (首次首次).4. _ (我們的我們的問題成倍增加問題成倍增加) since last year.Unlike most systemsran in all directionsfor the first timeOur problems have multiplied5. Jenny was ill so I sent her some flowers to _ (使她高興起來使她高興起來).6. Hans finally _ (掌握掌握的要領的要領) his job after three months of