德國工業(yè)領(lǐng)域能效政策

1、Policy measures to increase energy efficiency in Germanys industrial sector德國工業(yè)部門旨在提高能效的政策措施Berlin, 23 November 2015柏林，2015年11月23日Energy Efficiency Targets5能效目標(biāo)能源概念201020112020203020402050溫室氣體減排量（相比1990年水平）-26.4%-40%-55%-70%-80%可再生能源占最終總能耗份額12.1%18%30%45%60%可再生能源發(fā)電量占電力消費量份額20.3%35%50%65%80%一次能源消費量（相

2、比2008年水平）-6%-20%-50%Efficiency targets and energy productivity in GermanyIndex 1990=100350300250200150100500final energy productivityNational targets:+2.1% final energy productivity p.a. 2020/2050: 20/50% reduction vs. 20082050: 80-95% reduction vs. 1990153.7138.787.575.2 Status 2012 final energy pr

3、oductivity target GDPSource: IEA; Worldbank; Eurostat; BMWiprimary energy demand primary energy demand targetGHG emissionsGHG emissions targetEconomic growth decouples from energy consumption and emissions.350300250指 數(shù) 2001990年=100150100500德國效率目標(biāo)和能源生產(chǎn)率final energy productivityfinal energy productivi

4、ty targetGDPprimary energy demandprimary energy demand targetGHG emissionsGHG emissions target2012年水平 153.7 138.787.575.2國家目標(biāo)：最終能源生產(chǎn)率每年+2.1%2020年/2050年：比2008年減少20/50%2050年：比1990年減少80-95%最終能源生產(chǎn)率最終能源生產(chǎn)率目標(biāo)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值一次能源需求量一次能源需求量目標(biāo)溫室氣體排放量溫室氣體排放量目標(biāo)Source: IEA; Worldbank; Eurostat; BMWi經(jīng)濟增長與能耗及排放量脫鉤。Primary

5、energy intensity of selected countries部分國家一次能源強度6Energy intensity of GDP (koe/$2005p)(koe/$2005p)0.80.70.6國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能源強度0.50.40.30.20.10.0World全球EUGermany歐盟德國Russia俄羅斯Ukraine烏克蘭USA美國 China中國199020002010Source: Enerdata 20132012Energy intensity is improving in various countries. 各國正在降低能源強度。Source: Ecofys

6、 2015Main federal-level energy efficiency measuresBuildings Energy consulting KfW progammes for construction and renovation MAP (Market Incentive Programme) Energy saving legislationProducts and appliances Energy consulting (Energy Efficiency Campaign) NTRI: National Top Runner Initiative Energy Eff

7、iciency Labelling Ordinance Ecodesign Directive (eff. classification)Industry and business Energy consulting services KfW credits and loans(Effizienzprogramm, BAFA) Obligatory energy audits European emissions trading (ETS)Transport Labelling (EU Directive Fuel Economy) Regulation of consumption Moto

8、r vehicle taxation E-mobility strategy Mobility and fuel strategyEnergy efficiency policies find a balance between consultation, information, incentives and regulation.10資料來源：Ecofys 2015聯(lián)邦層面主要節(jié)能措施建筑 能源咨詢 德國復(fù)興信貸銀行建設(shè)改造項目 MAP（市場激勵計劃） 節(jié)能立法產(chǎn)品與家電 能源咨詢（節(jié)能活動） NTRI：國家領(lǐng)跑者計劃 節(jié)能標(biāo)簽條例 生態(tài)設(shè)計指令（效率分級）工業(yè)與商業(yè) 能源咨詢服務(wù) 德國復(fù)

9、興信貸銀行信貸和貸款（Effizienzprogramm, BAFA） 強制性能源審計 歐盟排放交易體系（ETS）交通運輸 標(biāo)簽（歐盟燃油經(jīng)濟性標(biāo)簽指令） 消費監(jiān)管 機動車輛征稅 電動交通戰(zhàn)略 交通和燃油戰(zhàn)略節(jié)能政策在咨詢、信息、激勵與監(jiān)管之間取得平衡。Energy efficiency in trade/services and industrySector relevance45%of final energy consumption in 2012National efficiency targetsSector measures Market-driven improvements a

10、rising from research and development Incentive programmes, e.g. grants for cross-cutting technologies and energy audits in SMEs Energy consultationPrimary energy demand20% less by 202050% less by 2050transporthouseholdstrade/services industrySource: AGEB 2013; prov.Sector effects achieved34 PJ/a fin

11、al energy (-0.85%)saved in 2012 vs. 2008貿(mào)易/服務(wù)業(yè)和工業(yè)能效行業(yè)相關(guān)度45%占2012年能源終端消費量的百分比國家效率目標(biāo)行業(yè)措施 通過開展研發(fā)活動實現(xiàn)市場驅(qū)動型改進(jìn) 激勵計劃，如先進(jìn)技術(shù)補貼和中小企業(yè)能源審計 能源咨詢一次能源需求量比2020年減少20% 比2050年減少50%交通運輸家庭貿(mào)易/服務(wù)業(yè)工業(yè)Source: AGEB 2013; prov.資料來源：AGEB 2013; prov.行業(yè)實效2012年能源終端消費量比2008年減少34PJ/a（-0.85%）Energy efficiency in companiesObstacles fo

12、r invests in EE 能效投資領(lǐng)域的障礙企業(yè)能效 Lack of internal expertise 缺乏內(nèi)部專業(yè)知識 High cost of identifying energy saving potential 發(fā)現(xiàn)節(jié)能潛力所需成本高企 amortisation period considered as too long 攤還期過長 Lack of capital 缺乏資金Energy audits and -management in companies 企業(yè)能源審計和管理Energy audits: 能源審計：= systematic procedure with the

13、 purpose of obtaining adequate knowledge of the existing energy consumption profile of a building or group of buildings, an industrial or commercial operation or installation or a private or public service, identifying and quantifying cost-effective energy savings opportunities, and reporting the fi

14、ndings= 系統(tǒng)程序，目的：獲取關(guān)于單體建筑或建筑群、工業(yè)或商業(yè)經(jīng)營活動或設(shè)施或私人或公共服務(wù)機構(gòu)現(xiàn)有能耗狀況的充足知識，發(fā)現(xiàn)和量化高成本效益節(jié)能機會，報告研究結(jié)果§ For SMEs: grants for energy audits§ 中小企業(yè)：能源審計補助§ For large companies: energy audit compulsory every 4 years§ 大型企業(yè)：強制實行能源審計，每4年一次Energy management systems: 能源管理體系：§ Grants for the introducti

15、on of ISO 50001 (both SMEs and large companies)§ 引入ISO 50001相關(guān)補助（同時面向中小企業(yè)和大型企業(yè)）§ Fiscal incentives: Tax rebate from the electricity tax for companies from the manufacturingsector§ 財政激勵：面向制造型企業(yè)征收電力稅退稅12Financial promotion of implementing EE technologies通過實行財政措施促進(jìn)實施能效技術(shù)Promotion of cros

16、s-cutting technologies 推廣先進(jìn)技術(shù)Replacing old with new + potential for better efficiency 以舊換新+ 能效提高潛力Ø Electric motors 電動機 (30%)Ø Pumps 泵(30%)Ø Compressed air 壓縮空氣(50%)Ø Ventilation systems 通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)(25%)Ø Lighting 照明設(shè)備(70%)Ø Process heat 工業(yè)用熱 (30%)Support for SMEs 扶持中小企業(yè)§

17、 Individual measures: investments up to 30,000euros 單項措施：投資額最高30,000歐元§ Systems optimisation: investments up to 100,000 euros 系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化：投資額最高100,000歐元Ø Energy performance improved by at least:25% 能源績效至少提高：25%Ø Concept for energy conservation 節(jié)能概念Ø Grant of 30% max. 最高30%補助§ Exper

18、tise for implementation 關(guān)于實施的專業(yè)知識Promotion of cross-cutting technologies 推廣先進(jìn)技術(shù)Funding for cross-cutting technologies: practical experience資助先進(jìn)技術(shù)：實踐經(jīng)驗§ 2,200 applications for the programme since 2012§ 2012年以來向激勵計劃提交2,200項申請§ Total investment: approx. 50 million euros (grants: 12 milli

19、on euros)§ 總投資：約5000萬歐元（補助金額：1200萬歐元）§ Energy performance 50% better compared to old equipment§ 能源績效比舊設(shè)備高50%§ Usually combination of various individual measures§ 通常同時采取多項不同措施§ 40% of loans awarded as part of the KfW energy efficiency programme§ 在德國復(fù)興信貸銀行能效計劃項下發(fā)放40%

20、貸款Energyefficient production processes節(jié)能生產(chǎn)工藝§ Highly individualised approach necessary需要具有高度針對性的方法§ Funding for investments in energy efficient technologies or other measures of energetic optimization (i.e. changes in the production process)撥款資助企業(yè)投資于節(jié)能技術(shù)或其他能源優(yōu)化措施（即生產(chǎn)工藝改進(jìn)）§ New: Specia

21、l focus on waste heat recovery新：特別注重余熱回收§ Focus on standardized cross-cutting technologies and individual measures based on preceding energy consultation根據(jù)在先的能源咨詢，重點關(guān)注標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化跨領(lǐng)域技術(shù)和針對性措施15-11-30Speaker15National Action Plan Energy Efficiency 國家能效行動計劃§ Adopted inDecember 2014§ 2014年12月通過§ The governments strategy for EE