初中英語八種時(shí)態(tài)大全-最新版

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載八種時(shí)態(tài)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般過去時(shí)did一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do（es）一般將來時(shí)willdo一般過去將來時(shí)woulddo進(jìn)行過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)bedoing將來進(jìn)勺時(shí)willbedolng、f 過去超乎進(jìn)行時(shí)wouldbe方oing_完成過去完成時(shí)haddone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)havedone將來完域時(shí)willhaveddne-_J 過去粉本完成時(shí)wouldhave-done一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，或說明主語的特征。用法：A）表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。B）經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。常與頻率副詞連用。Eg.：Hea

2、lwayshelpsothers.（他總是幫助別人。）C）客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。Eg.Theearthturnsroundthesun.（地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）Lighttravelsfasterthansound.（光傳播比聲音快）D）表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，（僅限于某些表示來、去、動(dòng)、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞）可以與表示未來時(shí)間的狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。Eg.Thenexttrainleavesat3oclockthisafternoon.Eg.Howoftendoesthisshuttlebusrun?（這班車多久一趟？）

3、E）在時(shí)間狀語從句中（以when,after,before,while,until,assoonas等引導(dǎo)）和條件狀語從句中（以if,unless引導(dǎo)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，句子可以有將來時(shí)間。Eg.：PleaseringmeupassoonasyouarriveinGermany.（你至U德國就給我打電話）Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillhavetostayathome.（如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家）時(shí)間狀語：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek（day,year,month），onceaweek,onSundays,etc

4、.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does,同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載1 Weoften(play)intheplayground.2Mike(read)Englisheveryday?3Mikesometimes(go)totheparkwithhersister.4Sheusually(watch)TVat7oclock.把下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň浜鸵话阋蓡柧?。Itisa

5、finedaytoday.否定句：一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：Jillsfatherworksinafactory.否定句：一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答LHBandLHSsharethesameroom.否定句：一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答Herdaughterisveryyoung.否定句：一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答Geographyandphysicsaremyfavoritesubjects.改錯(cuò)：Kittyhaveagoodfriend.HernameisAlice.Theyarebothelevenyearsold.Theyliveinthesamehousingesta

6、te,butindifferentblocks.KittyliveinBlock1andAlicelivesinBlock2.KittyandAliceusuallygoestoschooltogether.Sometimestheylikestoeattheirlunchtogetherandsharetheirfood.Theyalwaysplaytogetherafterschool.Theyishappytobetogether.二、一般過去時(shí)：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性，也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生。時(shí)間狀語：ago

7、,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,theotherdayetc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。a.過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Eg.HeleftforBeijingyesterdaymorning.他昨天上午到北京去了。She

8、wasntathomelastnight.她昨晚上在家。Didyoufinishyourworkatfouryesterdayafternoon?你昨天下午四點(diǎn)完成工作了嗎？b.表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Igotupveryearlyatthattime.我那時(shí)總是起得很早。Maryalwaysgotuptoolateandneverhadenoughtimeforbreakfastwhenshewasatmiddleschool.瑪麗上中學(xué)時(shí)總是起得很晚，從來都沒有足夠時(shí)間吃早飯。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載練習(xí)：1.He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Theca

9、t(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls(dance)atthepartylastnight.9.I(watch)acartoononSaturdaylastweek.10.you(vis

10、it)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?11.he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.12.GaoShan(put)upthepicturelastnight.13.I(sweep)theflooryesterday.14.Whatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?15.Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.16.Mike(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.17.Ilistenedbut(hear)nothing.18.Howmanypeople(be)

11、thereinyourclasslastterm?改錯(cuò)題1.HowisJaneyesterday?2.Hegotoschoolbybuslastweek.3.Heoftengoeshomeat6:00lastmonth.4.Icanflykitessevenyearsago.5.Didyousawhimjustnow.變換句型。1.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.(一般疑問句)Frankaninterestingbookabouthistory?2.Hecleanedhisroomjustnow.(戈U線提問)Whathe?3.Thomasspen

12、tRMB10onthisbook.(否定句)ThomasRMB10onthisbook.4.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.(劃線提問)familylastweek?學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。用法：a.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)謂語的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Whoareyouwaitingfor?你在等誰？Heknowsthatwearehe

13、lpinghimnow.他知道我們現(xiàn)在正在幫助他。b.在現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但不一定說話時(shí)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Thestudentsareworkingonthefarmtheredays.這些天學(xué)生們正在農(nóng)場勞動(dòng)。c.在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)彳T時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o,come,leave,start,arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)Heiscomingsoon.他不久就要來了。Maryisarrivinghereat4oclobkthisafternoon.瑪麗今天下午四點(diǎn)至U達(dá)這里。注意：1）表示狀態(tài)或感覺的動(dòng)詞，如：know,love,like,want,hear,see,think等，一

14、般沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)樗鼈儾荒鼙硎菊谶M(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。但是，如果詞義發(fā)生變化，能表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。Stop,Iamthinking.停下來，我正在想問題呢。2）無法延續(xù)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如：jump,begin,start,stop等一般不宜用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。但是，若想表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)或即將發(fā)生，也可使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。Heisjumpingupanddown.他一下一下地跳個(gè)不停。3）與always,continually,constantly,forever等連用表示經(jīng)常性反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作表示某種感情色彩。Sheisalwayschangingherclothes.Heisalwaysdoing

15、thingsforotherpeopleSheisalwaysborrowingmoneyandforgettingtopaymeback.【注意】不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表感覺、感官的動(dòng)詞。See、hear、smell、taste、feel.Thiscakesmellswonderful.表愛憎的動(dòng)詞。Like、love、dislikehate、adore、mind、prefer表希望、意愿。Want、wish、desire表知道、相信、猜想、理解。Know、believethink、doubt、understand、wonder-Thephoneisringing.-Iknow,Iheard

16、it.表擁有、含有、所有Own、containbelongto、have學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載【練習(xí)】寫出下列詞的現(xiàn)在分詞playrunswimmakegolikewriteskireadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop1. Look!Theseboyshappilyintheswimmingpool.AaredancingBareswimmingCweresingingDhaveswum2.She(talk)abouthernewschoolatthemoment.3.TheBrowns(watch)TVnow.My

17、fatheralways(come)backfromworkverylate.4.Theteacherisbusy.He(sleep)sixhoursaday.5.-TomisleavingforDisneylandforaholiday.-Really?Whenhe?AhasgoneBisleavingCdidleaveDdoesgo6.-Letsgoshopping,shallwe?-Sorry,Icant.Imyclothes.AhavewashedBwashedCamwashingDwash7.Listen!thephone.Pleasegotoanswerit.AisringingB

18、ringsCrangDdidring8.Whoovertherenow?A.singingB.aresingC.issingingD.sing9.ItseightocThckstudentsanEnglishclass.A.haveB.havingC.ishavingD.arehaving10. Listen!Thebabyinthenextroom.A.cryingB.criedC.iscryingD.cries11.Look!Thetwinsnewsweaters.A.arewearingB.wearingC.arewearD.iswearing12.Donttalkhere.Grandp

19、aits.A.issleepingB.aresleepingC.sleepingD.sleep13.Thetwinsusuallymilkandbreadforbreakfast,butJimsomecoffeeforit.A.have/haveB.have/hasC.has/have14.Myfatheralways(come)backfromworkverylate.15.Theteacherisbusy.He(sleep)sixhoursaday.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語：atthistimeyesterday,

20、atthattime或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were+not+doing.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。1)構(gòu)成過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由be動(dòng)詞的過去式加動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。自定式疑問式否定式IwasworkingWereyouworking?IwasnotworkingHe/She/itwasworking.Washe/she/itworking?Yes,he/she/itwas.No,he/she/itwasnt.He/she/itwasnotworking.Wewereworking.Wereweworki

21、ng?WewerenotworkingYouwereworkingWereyouworking?YouwerenotworkingTheywereworkingWeretheyworking?Theywerenotworking2)2)用法a.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在做作業(yè)。Theywereexpectingyouyesterday.他們昨天一直在等待。b.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可與soon,thenextmoment,inminutes,minuteslate

22、r等時(shí)間狀語連用，表示一個(gè)新的動(dòng)作剛剛開始。如：Soonthewholetownwastalkingaboutit.不久鎮(zhèn)上的人就都談?wù)撈疬@種事了。c.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來申述原因或用作借口，這種用法常用在口語中。如：-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework,Mary?瑪麗，你作業(yè)做完了嗎？-No,Iwashelpingmymotheristhekitchenalldayyesterday.還沒呢，我昨天一天都幫媽媽在廚房干活。d.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來為一個(gè)后一系列動(dòng)作的發(fā)生提供背景。如：IhurtmylegwhenIwasridingabike.我在騎車時(shí)把腿摔壞了。e.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可

23、表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，這時(shí)be動(dòng)詞was/were要重讀。如：Iwaswritinghimaletterthismorningandforgotallaboutit.我本該今天早上給他寫信的，后來全給忘了。Iwasseeinghertomorrow.我本來打算明天會(huì)見她。Hewaswatchingtheplayyesterday,buthewastoobusy.他昨天本來要看那場戲的，可是太忙了。一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)一般過去式常表示在過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)(包括過去習(xí)慣動(dòng)作)，常與一般過去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有justnow,amomentago,yesterday,

24、lastweek(month,year),thedaybeforeyesterday及表示過去的時(shí)間狀語從句。如：Iwassixteenyesterdayoldlastyear.我去年16歲。Heworkedinafactoryin1986.他1986年在一家工廠工作。Imetherinthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.前天我在街上遇見了她。Heoftenswamintheriverwhenhewasyoung.他小時(shí)候常在河里游泳。(2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有，atthattime/moment,(at)thi

25、stimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week點(diǎn)鐘+yester()ayt+astnight/Sunday,whensb.didsth.等時(shí)間狀語從句。Whatwereyoudoingatsevenp.m.yesterday?昨天晚上七點(diǎn)你在干什么?IfirstmetMarythreeyearsago.Shewasworkingataradioshopatthetime.我第次遇至U瑪麗是在三年前,時(shí)她在一家無線電商店工作。Iwascookingwhensheknockedatthedoor.她敲門時(shí)我正在做飯。（3）一般過去時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻

26、表示動(dòng)作在持續(xù)或未完成。如：Isawyouwhileyouwerespeakingtotheteacher.你在和老師談話時(shí)我看見了你。注意：有的過去時(shí)間狀語既可用于一般過去時(shí)，也可用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，但含義不同。如：Shewrotealettertoherfriendlastnight.她昨晚給她的朋友寫了封信。（信寫完了）Shewaswritingalettertoherfriendlastnight.她昨晚一直在給她的朋友寫信。（信不一定寫完）學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a.is,thinking,wasb.was,thinking,isc.did,think,isd.was,thinking,was學(xué)

27、習(xí)必備歡迎下載1. Whilewe(wait)forthebus,agirl(run)uptous.2.I(telephone)afriendwhenBob(come)in.3.Jim(jump)onthebusasit(move)away.4.We(test)thenewmachinewhentheelectricity(go)off.5.She(notwant)tostayinbedwhiletheothers(all,work)inthefields.6.Whilemother(put)Cathytobed,thedoorbell(ring).7.AsI(walk)inthepark,i

28、t(begin)torain.8.Evenwhenshe(be)achildshe(already,think)ofbecomingaballerina(芭蕾舞演員).9.Itwasquitelateatnight.George(read)andAmy(ply)herneedlewhenthey(hear)aknockatthedoor.10.There(be)agrouproundthefirewhenthey(reach)it.Anoldwoman(sit)onthegroundnearthekettle;twosmallchildren(lie)nearher;adonkey(bend)

29、hisheadoveratallgirl.1. I(have)mybreakfastathalfpastsixyesterdaymorning.2.Mary(go)overherlessonsfromsixtosevenlastnight.Johnandpeter(do)thesamething.3.Whatyou(do)atthattime?We(watch)TV.4.Wasyourfatherathomeyesterdayevening?Yes,hewas.He(listen)totheradio.5.They(notmake)amodelshipwhenIsawhim.6.they(ha

30、ve)ameetingat4yesterdayafternoon?No,they.They(clean)theclassroom.7.it(rain)whenyouleftschool?Yes,it.(No,it)8.Whatyourfather(do)whenhewasyourage?9.Oneday,Edison(wait)foratraintoarrive,andsuddenlyalittleboyrantothetrack(軌道)toplay.10.HeaskedmeifI(go)fishingthatafternoon.11.Thethreeofthemwereinahurrybec

31、ausetheirplane(leave)infiveminutes.12.Inaletter,johntoldusthathe(come)tochinanextmonth.13.Whenthebellrang,jenny(wait)inherseat.14.She(make)herdressthewholeafternoon.15.Whilemyfather(look)throughtheeveningpaper,hesuddenlyacry.三、選擇題。1.Icookedamealwhenyoume.a.cooked,wereringingb.wascooking,rangc.wascoo

32、king,wereringingd.cooked,rang2.Hesaidhetodrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.a.triesb.triedc.wastryingd.willtry3.WhilesheTV,sheasoundoutsidetheroom.a.waswatching,washearingb.watched,washearingc.watched,heardd.waswatching,heard4.Theyafootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.a.werewatchingb.watchc.watchedd.arewa

33、tching5.WhatbookyouwhenIyouatfouryesterdayafternoon?1.did,read,wasseeingb.did,read,sawc.were,reading,sawd.were,reading,wasseeing6.ItwasFridayevening.MrandMrs.GreenreadytoflytoEngland.a.aregettingb.getc.weregettingd.got7.LeiFengalwaysofotherswhenheinthearmy.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載8.Agirlmypenfalloffthetablewhenshem

34、e.a.saw,passedb.wasseeing,passedc.wasseeing,passedd.wasseeing,waspassing9.WefortomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus.a.werewaiting,waitingb.werewaiting,waitc.waited,waitingd.waited,wait10.HehisfatheronthefarmthewholeafternoonlastSaturday.a.helpsb.wouldhelpc.washelpingd.ishelping11.Whilemothersomewashing,

35、IakiteforKate.a.did,madeb.wasdoing,madec.wasdoing,wasmakingd.did,wasmaking12.youangrythen?”theytoomuchnoise.”a.are,weremakingb.were,weremakingc.are,maded.were,made13.Hesomecookingatthattime,somea.did,heardb.did,didnthewasdoing,heardd.wasdoing,didnthear14.Thistimeyesterdayjackhisbike.HeTVa.repaired,d

36、idntwatchwasrepairing,watchedc.repaired,watchedd.wasrepairing,wasntwatching五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀O時(shí)間狀語：already、ever、yet、notyet、just、justbefore,inthepast/lastfewyears基本結(jié)構(gòu)：否定形式：一般疑問句：動(dòng)詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成，這里只談規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，既過去式與過去分詞都是加-ed的。有下面四種情況：1 .一般的也是絕大多數(shù)的動(dòng)詞是直接在后面加-ed,例如，played2.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)

37、詞只加-d,例如，loved3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i再加-ed4.以一個(gè)輔音字母（r/w/y除外）結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，要雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加ed,例如，stopped,planned,preferred等。（三），不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則：這些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有下面一些規(guī)律可循，1.AAA型：既動(dòng)詞原形。過去式，過去分詞三者同形。例如：let,set.hit.cut.put,shut.cost.hurt,read.spread2.AAB型：只有一個(gè)，beat-beat-beaten3.ABA型：既過去式與過去分詞不同，但過去分詞與原形相同。如：e,become.overcome（克服）4.ABB

38、型：既過去式與過去分詞相同，而兩者與原形不同?？煞譃橄旅媪M：第組：feel.keep.sleepweepsweepmeetleavesmell.dealspoilspill它們者B以t結(jié)尾.第二組：spendlendsendbuild都是變d為t第三組：losegetwinshinedighang都是變其中的元音字母。第四組：bringbuyfightthinkcatchteach都以u(píng)ght結(jié)尾，其中catch,teach以aught結(jié)尾。第五組：tellselllaypaysay都以d結(jié)尾第六組：無規(guī)律組，必須硬記.findstandunderstandsithavemakeholdhe

39、armean5.ABC型:既過去式，過去分詞與動(dòng)詞原形三者各不相同。第一組：在過去式上加-n（注：過去式都是以“計(jì)輔音字母+e”結(jié)尾的，但rise除外）第三組：在原形上加-enwrite-wrote-written（雙寫t）eat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallenride-rode-ridden（雙寫d）hide-hid-hidden（雙寫d）be-was/were-been第四組：符合i-a-u的原則，并且發(fā)音規(guī)律相同。ring-rang-rungsink-sank-sunk（沉）wear-wore-wornsing-sang-sungdrink-drank-drunkte

40、ar-tore-torn（流淚）（一）、它是過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。1、表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作（該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：Hehashadhislunch.（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，飽了）。又如：_-Haveyoudoneyourhomework?_-Yes,Ihave.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，其結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載break-broke-brokenforget-forgot-forgotten（雙寫t）wake-woke-woken第二組：在原形上加-nsee-saw-seentake-took-takenknow-knew-knownspeak-spoke-sp

41、okengive-gave-givendraw-drew-drawnthrow-threw-thrownshow-showed-shownmistake-mistook-mistakenchoose-chose-chosenfreeze-froze-frozensteal-stole-stolendrive-drove-drivengrow-grew-grownblow-blew-blownrise-rose-risenbegin-began-begunswim-swam-swum第五組：bear-bore-born第六組：lie-lay-lain（躺）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義：do-did-done

42、go-went-gonefly-flew-flown學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載果是作業(yè)已經(jīng)完成了。）2、表示過去已經(jīng)開始，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，它往往與表示一段時(shí)間段“for+時(shí)間段，since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用.Ihavetaughthereformorethantwoyears.Wehavelivedinthisstreetsince1987.SinceforSincefor的區(qū)別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或表過去時(shí)的句子如1993,lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段時(shí)間表長達(dá)多久如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。用since和fo

43、r填空1. JimhasbeeninIrelandMonday.2.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.3.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7oclock.4.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.5.Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting20minutes.6.Mikehasbeenillalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalOctober.（二）、特點(diǎn)：既涉及過去又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在，動(dòng)作是過去發(fā)生的，其結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在存在的.例如：Shehascome.（她來了.

44、）這句話說明兩點(diǎn)：1）她是過去某一時(shí)候來的.2）她現(xiàn)在仍然在這里，而且主要是說她在這里，動(dòng)詞用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示“現(xiàn)在還存在過去的某一動(dòng)作的結(jié)果或影響“，至于她是什么時(shí)候來的，是十分鐘以前還是一個(gè)小時(shí)以前，并不是這句話所強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況.又例如：Shehasgone.（她走了.）這句話說明走的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過去，而且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是她不在這里了”.但是，Shewent.則只強(qiáng)調(diào)走”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，至于現(xiàn)在她在不在這里就不得而知了，也不是強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。（三卜對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果”包括看得見的，看不見的，肯定的，否定的。1）,Hehascleanedtheblackboard.其結(jié)果：看得見現(xiàn)在黑板是

45、干凈的。2）,HehasstudiedFrench.其結(jié)果：看不見但現(xiàn)在他懂法語。3） .Hehasntcleanedtheroom吉果：否定的現(xiàn)在房間不干凈。4） .HehasneverlearnedEnglish.其結(jié)果：否定的他現(xiàn)在仍然不懂英語。所以，不管是哪一種影響或結(jié)果，只有到目前還存在的情況下才能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。一旦結(jié)果或影響不復(fù)存在，或者即便存在也不強(qiáng)調(diào)，就不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，這也正是兩者的區(qū)別所在。例如：Hehascleanedtheroom.（他是在過去打掃了房間，房間現(xiàn)在仍干凈。）Hecleanedtheroomanhourago,butitsdirtyno觸

46、也是在過去打掃了房間，但現(xiàn)在又臟了，發(fā)生在過去的打掃”這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。）注意：一般過去時(shí)是說，過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)結(jié)束或完成的動(dòng)作，它和現(xiàn)在沒有直接關(guān)系，或者即使與現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系，但說話者并不強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的這種關(guān)系，而只是指出：那個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)卻正是要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的那個(gè)動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。has/havegonetohas/havegoneto& &has/havebeento&has/havebeenin/at/onhas/havebeento&has/havebeenin/at/on三者的區(qū)另1J1 .has/havegoneto表某人已經(jīng)去

47、了某地了，它包括三種情況：1）在去的途中，2）已經(jīng)到了目的地，3）在歸途中，總之，主語不在說話的現(xiàn)場。2.has/havebeento表某人曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在仍在說話地點(diǎn)及其附近。常與ever,never,just,twice,before連用。3.has/havebeenin/at/on表某人在某地呆了多久，表示一種狀態(tài)，更為重要的是它常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：for+寸間段或since過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)1） .MymotherhasgonetoBeijing.2） .IhavebeentoJapantwice.3） .TheyhavebeeninChinaforover2years.五.點(diǎn)

48、動(dòng)詞（又稱瞬間動(dòng)詞）不能與一段時(shí)間連用及其轉(zhuǎn)化的幾種方法：例如：comegoleavebeginbuyjoincatcharriveborrowlenddie這些點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞不能與學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載段時(shí)間連用。（注意：但在否定句中點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞能與一段時(shí)間連用。如：Ihaven;treceivedaletterfromJimforalongtime.receive是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）1.轉(zhuǎn)化的幾種方法：點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為其它延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:Ihavehadacoldsinceonedayago.(catch是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,.6.7.8.轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have,點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為“be+詞”?！癰e

49、+詞”。“be副詞”。其過去式為had)如：Hehasbeenasoliderfor3years.如：Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.如：Tomhasbeenaway僭家)forafewdays.點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為“be形容詞”。如：Thatoldmanhasbeendeadforseveralyears.原句轉(zhuǎn)化為Its/It聒間段+since+”。如：Itis3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.原句轉(zhuǎn)化為Itsbeen/Ithasbeen+since:如：Ithasbeen3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.原句轉(zhuǎn)化為含ago的般過去時(shí)

50、。如：Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.六.下列點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞常作如下變化:comebackfbebackjoin一beinthefinishfbeoverleavefbeawaycomefbebeginfbeoncomehomefbeathomegetupfbeupdiefbedeadgetoutfbeoutbuyfhavecatchacoldfhaveacoldborrowfkeepgettoknowfknow學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)1WhatareyoutodothisSunday?Iyet.A.wontdecider.didntdecide.haventdecid

51、e.dontdecide2ItoCanadatwice.Itssobeautiful.A.wontgoB.havegoneC.dontgcD.havebeen3Thelifewewereusedtogreatlysince1992.A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged4HowlonghasElizabeenanurse?A.Since2002B.FouryearsagoC.In2002D.At20025Howlongyoustamps?Sincetwoyearsago.A.have,collectedB.did,collectC.have,be

52、encollectingD.arecollecting6Myfatheronbusinessfortwoweeks.Hellreturninthreedays.A.leftB.hasleftC.hasgoneD.hasbeenaway7Kitty,willyougotoseethefilm“ColdMountainthisevening?No,Iwont.Iitalready.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.willsee8-ScotthasalreadyreturntoourtownReally?Whereyouhim?A.do,seeB.have,seenC.did,seeD.

53、has,seen9-HowlonghaveyouChina?Forthreeyears.A.comebackB.returnC.leftD.beenawayfrom10-Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.-Really?Where?A.hasshebeenB.hadshebeenC.hasshegoneD.hadshegone11-Areyousureyou(lose)thebook?Yes,I(look)foriteverywhere,butIstillcantfindit.12you(take)themedicineyet?Yes,I(take)

54、ithalfanhourago.13I(never,meet)hersisterbefore.14He(just,watch)afootballgame.Heissotiredandhungry.15youever(travel)onatrain?16-Howmanytimesyou(read)thisbook?I(read)itseveraltimes.17I(read)onlytwopagesofthisbook.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載六、過去完成時(shí)：概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即過去的過去時(shí)間狀語：before,until,when,af

55、ter,once,assoonas,bytheendoflastyear(term,month),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had+done.否定形式：had+not+done.一般疑問句：had放于句首。過去完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。他表示的時(shí)間是過去的過去常與bylastyear,bythetimeofyesterday,等連用。如：Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.WhenMrLigottotheclassroom,allthestudentshadbegunreading.Bythetimetheyarrived,thebu

56、shadleft.2、表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for(后跟段時(shí)間)或since(后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間)等連用.如：Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1. HeinShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforeheBeijing.A.studied,hadgoneB.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goesD.hadstudied,hadgone解析：他去北京之前在上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了4年”。在上海學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在去北京之前，因此第一

57、個(gè)空應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。此題選Bo2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssinceheagooddrink.A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy解析：Itwas+時(shí)間段+since引導(dǎo)的從句中用過去完成時(shí)。應(yīng)選C。3.XiaoPeisaidsheHainanfor3months.A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto解析：小培說她去了海南三個(gè)月。havebeento和havegoneto都是短暫性的動(dòng)詞短語。所以適應(yīng)表示狀態(tài)的havebeenin.應(yīng)選B.過去完成時(shí)判定

58、方法1 .由時(shí)間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：(1)by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時(shí)表示過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)

59、生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：(1)賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.(2)狀語從句中在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如：Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after

60、引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如：Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.(3)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示原本，未能Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidnt.3.根據(jù)上、下文來判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.WehadntseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.一、過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)