2018年高考英語(yǔ)大綱簡(jiǎn)約及語(yǔ)法詞匯等5個(gè)附錄

1、英 語(yǔ)考試形式與試卷結(jié)構(gòu)同往年考核目標(biāo)與要求一、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)要求考生了解和掌握普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（實(shí)驗(yàn)）附錄中所列出的各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，包括語(yǔ)音項(xiàng)目、語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目、功能意念項(xiàng)目、話題項(xiàng)目和詞匯（見附錄 1 至附錄 5）。二、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（一）聽力聽力是使用外語(yǔ)與人直接交流時(shí)必不可少的一種語(yǔ)言能力。該部分要求考生聽懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話和獨(dú)白。考生應(yīng)能：（1）理解主旨要義；（2）獲取事實(shí)性的具體信息；（3）對(duì)所聽內(nèi)容作出簡(jiǎn)單推斷；（4）理解說話者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。（二）閱讀理解閱讀是我國(guó)考生學(xué)習(xí)和使用外語(yǔ)的最主要途徑，因此，閱讀理解在試卷中占權(quán)重較大。該部分要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡(jiǎn)短文

2、字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文章。考生應(yīng)能：1. 理解主旨要義；2. 理解文中具體信息；3. 根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義；4. 根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容做出判斷和推理；5. 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；6. 理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。（三）寫作寫作是語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的重要表現(xiàn)形式。該部分要求考生根據(jù)題示進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)。考生應(yīng)能：1. 準(zhǔn)確使用語(yǔ)法和詞匯；2. 使用一定的句型、詞匯，清楚、連貫地表達(dá)自己的意思。附錄 1語(yǔ)音項(xiàng)目表1. 基本讀音(1) 26 個(gè)字母的讀音(2) 元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音(3) 元音字母在輕讀音節(jié)中的讀音(4) 元音字母組合在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音(5)

3、 常見的元音字母組合在輕讀音節(jié)中的讀音(6) 輔音字母組合的讀音(7) 輔音連綴的讀音(8) 成節(jié)音的讀音2. 重音(1) 單詞重音(2) 句子重音3. 讀音的變化(1) 連讀(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱讀(4) 同化4. 語(yǔ)調(diào)與節(jié)奏(1) 意群與停頓(2) 語(yǔ)調(diào)(3) 節(jié)奏5. 語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、重音、節(jié)奏等在口語(yǔ)交流中的運(yùn)用6. 朗誦和演講中的語(yǔ)音技巧7. 主要英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音差異附錄 2語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目表1. 名詞(1) 可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)(2) 不可數(shù)名詞(3) 專有名詞(4) 名詞所有格2. 代詞(1) 人稱代詞(2) 物主代詞(3) 反身代詞(4) 指示代詞(5) 不定代詞(6) 疑問代詞3.

4、數(shù)詞(1) 基數(shù)詞(2) 序數(shù)詞4. 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)5. 連詞6. 形容詞(比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))7. 副詞(比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))8. 冠詞9. 動(dòng)詞(1) 動(dòng)詞的基本形式(2) 系動(dòng)詞(3) 及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞(4) 助動(dòng)詞(5) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞10. 時(shí)態(tài)(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(2) 一般過去時(shí)(3) 一般將來時(shí)(4) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(5) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(6) 過去將來時(shí)(7) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(8) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(9) 過去完成時(shí)(10) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)11. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)12. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(1) 動(dòng)詞不定式(2) 動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式(3) 動(dòng)詞的-ed 形式13. 構(gòu)詞法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 轉(zhuǎn)化法(4)

5、 縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫14. 句子種類(1) 陳述句(2) 疑問句(3) 祈使句(4) 感嘆句15. 句子成分(1) 主語(yǔ)(2) 謂語(yǔ)(3) 表語(yǔ)(4) 賓語(yǔ)(5) 定語(yǔ)(6) 狀語(yǔ)(7) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)16. 簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型17. 主謂一致18. 并列復(fù)合句19. 主從復(fù)合句(1) 賓語(yǔ)從句(2) 狀語(yǔ)從句(3) 定語(yǔ)從句(4) 主語(yǔ)從句(5) 表語(yǔ)從句20. 間接引語(yǔ)21. 省略22. 倒裝23. 強(qiáng)調(diào)24. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣附錄 3功能意念項(xiàng)目表1. 社會(huì)交往 (Social Communications)(1) 問候 (Greetings)(2) 介紹 (Introduction)(3) 告別 (Farewel

6、ls )(4) 感謝 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀請(qǐng) (Invitation)(7) 請(qǐng)求允許 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝賀 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供幫助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒絕 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 約會(huì) (Making appointments)(12) 打電話 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就醫(yī) (Seeing the

7、 doctor)(15) 購(gòu)物 (Shopping)(16) 問路 (Asking the way)(17) 談?wù)撎鞖?(Talking about weather)(18) 語(yǔ)言交際困難 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 勸告 (Advice)(22) 建議 (Suggestions)2. 態(tài)度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜歡和不喜歡 (L

8、ikes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能夠和不能夠 (Ability and inability)(28) 偏愛和優(yōu)先選擇 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表?yè)P(yáng)和鼓勵(lì) (Praise and encouragement)(32) 責(zé)備和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (

9、Indifference)(34) 判斷與評(píng)價(jià) (Judgement and evaluation) 3. 情感 (Emotions)(35) 高興 (Happiness)(36) 驚奇 (Surprise)(37) 憂慮 (Worries)(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 滿意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遺憾 (Regret)(41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐懼 (Fear)(43) 憤怒 (Anger)4. 時(shí)間 (Time)(44) 時(shí)刻 (Point of time)(45) 時(shí)段 (Duration)(46) 頻度 (Frequency)(

10、47) 時(shí)序 (Sequence) 5. 空間 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距離 (Distance) 6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在與不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features)(52) 形狀 (Shape)(53) 顏色 (Colour)(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 價(jià)格 (Price)(56) 規(guī)格 (Size)(57) 年齡 (Age)8. 計(jì)量 (Measurement)(58) 長(zhǎng)度 (Length)(59) 寬度 (Wid

11、th)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 數(shù)量 (Number) 9. 比較 (Comparison)(62) 同級(jí)比較 (Equal comparison)(63) 差別比較 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差別 (Similarity and difference) 10. 邏輯關(guān)系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和結(jié)果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 職業(yè) (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 單位 (Employer)附錄 4話題項(xiàng)目表1. 個(gè)人

12、情況 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友與周圍的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周圍的環(huán)境 (Personal environments)4. 日?；顒?dòng) (Daily routines)5. 學(xué)校生活 (School life)6. 興趣與愛好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 個(gè)人感情 (Emotions)8. 人際關(guān)系 (Interpersonal relationships)9. 計(jì)劃與愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 節(jié)假日活動(dòng) (Festivals, holidays

13、and celebrations)11. 購(gòu)物 (Shopping)12. 飲食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天氣 (Weather)15. 文娛與體育 (Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí) (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界與環(huán)境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù) (Popular science and modern technology)21. 熱點(diǎn)話

14、題 (Topical issues)22. 歷史與地理 (History and geography)23. 社會(huì) (Society)24. 文學(xué)與藝術(shù) (Literature and art)附錄 5詞匯表A a(an) art abandon vability n able a abnormal a aboard prep abolish v abortion n about ad & prep above prep,a & ad abroad ad abrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a &am

15、p; n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate vaccent n accept v access n & v accessible aaccident n accommodation naccompany vaccomplish vaccount n accountant naccumulate vaccuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed aache v & n achieve v achievement nacid a acknowle

16、dge vacquaintance nacquire v acquisition nacre n across prepact n & v action n active a activity n actor n actress n actual a acute a AD abbr ad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation n add v addicted a addition n address n adequate a adjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admis

17、sion n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt v adore v adult n advance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice n advise v advocate v affair n affect v affection n afford v afraid a Africa n African a & nafter ad,prep & conjafternoon nafterward(s) adaga

18、in ad against prepage n agency n agenda n agent n aggressive aago ad agree v agreement nagricultural aagriculture nahead ad aid n & v AIDS n aim n & v air n aircraft n airline n airmail n airplane n airport n airspace n alarm n & valbum n alcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra n alike ad

19、alive a all ad,a & pron allergic a alley n allocate v allow v allowance n almost ad alone a along ad & prep alongside ad aloud ad alphabet n already ad also ad alternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium (Am aluminum) n always ad am v(be) a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur a ama

20、ze v amazing a ambassador nambassadress nambiguous aambition n ambulance nAmerica n among prepamount n & vample a amuse v amusement nanalyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & nancient a and conj anecdote n anger n angle n angry a animal n ankle n anniversary nannounce v annoy v annual a ano

21、ther a & pronanswer n & vant n Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious a any pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud

22、v & n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate aapproval n approve v approximately adapron n arbitrary a arch n architect n architecture nArctic a are v(be) area n argue v argument narise(arose,arisen) varithmeti

23、c narm n & v armchair n army n around ad & preparrange v arrangement narrest v arrival n arrive v arrow n art n article n artificial a artist n as ad,conj & prepash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a & n aside ad ask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n

24、 associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n attend v attention n attitude n attract v attraction n attractive a audience n aunt n auth

25、entic a author n authority n automatic a autonomous aautumn n available a avenue n average a & navoid v awake(awoke,awoken) v & aaward n aware a away ad awesome a awful a awkward a B baby n bachelor n back ad,a & nbackground nbackward(s) ad bacon n bacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,wors

26、t) a badminton n bag n baggage n bakery n balance n balcony n ball n ballet n balloon n bamboo n ban n & v banana n band n bandage n bank n bar n barbecue n barber n barbershop n bare a bargain n & v bark v & n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic a basin n basis n basket n baske

27、tball n bat n bath n bathe v bathroom n bathtub n battery n battle n bay n BC abbr be(am,is,are,was, were,being,been) vbeach n bean n bean curd n bear1 n bear2 v beard n beast n beat(beat,beaten) v & nbeautiful a beauty n because conj become(became,become) vbed n beddings n bedroom n bee n beef

28、n beer n before prep,ad&conj beg v begin(began,begun) v behalf n behave v behaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & ad being n belief n believe v bell n belly n belong v below prep belt n bench n bend(bent,bent) v beneath prep beneficial a benefit n & v bent a & n beside prep besides pr

29、ep & ad betray v between prep beyond prep bicycle n bid v & n big a bike=bicycle nbill n bingo n biochemistry nbiography n biology n bird n birth n birthday n birthplace n biscuit n bishop n bit n bite(bit,bitten) vbitter a black a & n blackboard n blame n & v blank n & a blanket

30、 n bleed v bless v blind a block n & v blood n blouse n blow(blew,blown) vblue n & a board n & v boat n body n boil v bomb n & v bond n & v bone n bonus n book n & v boom n & v boot n booth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a &am

31、p; pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycott v brain n brake n & v branch n brand n brave a bravery n bread n break(broke,broken) v & nbreakfast n breakthrough n breast n breath n breathe v breathless a brewery n b

32、rick n bride n bridegroom n bridge n brief a bright a brilliant a bring(brought,brought) vbroad a broadcast(broadcast, broadcast 或-ed,-ed) vbrochure n broken a broom n brother n brown n & a brunch n brush v & n Buddhism n budget n buffet n build(built,built) v building n bunch n bungalow n b

33、urden n bureaucratic a burglar n burn(burnt,burnt 或-ed,-ed) v & n burst v bury v bus n bush n business n businessman/woman (pl businessmen/ women) n busy a but conj & prep butcher n & v butter n butterfly n button n & v buy(bought,bought) v by prep bye int C cab n cabbage ncafe n caf

34、eteria ncage n cake n calculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel n camera ncamp n & vcampaign ncan1(could); cant=cannot modal vcan2 n canal n cancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy n canteen ncap n capital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar n carbon ncard n care n & v careful a careless a c

35、arpenter n carpet n carriage n carrier n carrot n carry v cartoon n carve v case n cash n & v cassette n cast(cast,cast) v castle n casual a cat n catalogue n catastrophe n catch(caught,caught) v category n cater v Catholic a cattle n cause n & v caution n cautious a cave n CD=compact disk n

36、 ceiling n celebrate v celebration n cell n cent n centigrade a centimetre (Am centimeter) ncentral a centre(Am center) ncentury n ceremony n certain a certificate n chain n chair n chairman/woman (pl chairmen/women) nchalk n challenge n challenging a champion n chance n change n & v changeable

37、a channel n chant v & n chaos n chapter n character n characteristic a & ncharge v & n chart n chat n & v cheap a cheat n & v check n & v cheek n cheer n & v cheerful a cheers int cheese n chef n chemical a & n chemist n chemistry n cheque(Am check) n chess n chest n

38、chew v chicken n chief a & n child(pl children) n childhood n chocolate n choice n choir n choke n & v choose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks n chorus n Christian n Christmas nchurch n cigar n cigarette n cinema n circle n & v circuit n circulate v circumstance ncircus n citizen n city n civi

39、l a civilian n civilization nclap v clarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom nclaw n clay n clean v & a cleaner n clear a clerk n clever a click v climate n climb v clinic n clock n clone v close a & ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy a club n clumsy a coach n

40、 coal n coast n coat n cocoa n coffee n coin n coincidence n coke n cold a & n collar n colleague n collect v collection n college n collision n colour(Am color) n & v comb n & v combine v come(came,come) vcomedy n comfort n comfortable a command n & vcomment n commercial a commit v

41、commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication ncommunism n communist n & acompanion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension ncompromise v compulsory a computer n

42、 concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n con

43、servation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution nconstruct v construction nconsult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary acontent1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory acontrary n &

44、 acontribute v contribution ncontrol v & ncontroversial aconvenience nconvenient aconventional aconversation nconvey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie n cool a copy n & v corn n corner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & v cosy

45、(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course n court n courtyard n cousin n cover n & v cow n crash v & n crayon n crazy a cream n create v creature n credit n crew n crime n criminal n criterion(pl c

46、riteria) ncrop n cross n & vcrossing n crossroads ncrowd n & vcruel a cry n & v cube n cubic a cuisine n culture n cup n cupboard n cure n & v curious a currency n curriculum ncurtain n cushion n custom n customer n customs n cut(cut,cut) v & ncycle v cyclist n D dad=daddy n dail

47、y a,ad & n dam n damage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous a dare v & modal v dark a & n darkness n dash v & n data n database n date n & v daughter n dawn n day n dead a deadline n deaf a deal n dear a death n debate n & v debt n decade n decide v de

48、cision n declare v decline v decorate vdecoration ndecrease vdeed n deep a & addeer n defeat v defence(Am defense) ndefend v degree n delay n & vdelete v & ndeliberately addelicate adelicious adelight n delighted adeliver v demand vdentist n department(Dept.) ndeparture ndepend v deposit

49、 v & ndepth n describe vdescription ndesert v & ndeserve vdesign v & n desire v & n desk n desperate a dessert n destination n destroy v detective n determine v develop v development n devote v devotion n diagram n dial v dialogue(Am dialog) n diamond n diary n dictation n dictionary

50、 n die v diet n differ v difference n different a difficult a difficulty n dig(dug,dug) v digest v digital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide n dip v diploma n direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage ndisagree v disagreement ndisappear v disappoint v disappointed adisaster n discount n discourage v discover v