大學英語四級翻譯典例

1、1. 中國城市化(urbanization)將會充分釋放潛在內需(domestic demand)。一些經(jīng)濟學家指出，在中國幾乎所有的發(fā)展中城市都面臨 著城市化的進程。這使得許多人的生活水平有所提高，也為人們提 供更多的就業(yè)機會。隨著越來越多的人向城市遷徙，住房及城市基礎設施建設(infrastructure construction),包括水源等能源的供應將會 成為城市發(fā)展的焦點問題。商品與服務的自由、快速流通是城市化 社會的一項基本特征。逐漸擴張的城市需要更多的零售店來滿足消費者的需求。參考譯文Chinas urbanization will release the full potent

2、ial of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infras

3、tructure, in¬cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop¬ment as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transpo

4、rtation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.2. 京劇(Beijing Opera)是中國的國粹。作為一門古老的藝術，京劇的服裝(costume)、臉譜(facial mask)更易被人喜愛。不同的服裝 類型反映不同的人物身份特征。富貴者的服裝綴滿精美的刺繡;窮困 者的服裝則簡單樸素，少有裝飾(elemental)。臉譜是京劇

5、中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的顏色在臉上勾畫出來的。臉譜的顏 色讓人一看便知角色(portray)的善惡。比如白色代表奸詐(treachery)， 黑色代表正直不阿，黃色是驍勇，藍、綠色多用于綠林好漢(rebellious fighters)，金、銀色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。參考譯文Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a tradi¬tional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with

6、people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different col

7、ors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divi

8、nity and Buddhism.3.月光族 中國經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展，帶來了消費文化的曰益流行，同時也催 生了一批具有高學歷，充分享受資本主義消費模式的年輕人，他 們習慣于當月工資當月花。因而被稱為“月光族”(the moonlight group)?！霸鹿庾濉币辉~出現(xiàn)于20世紀90年代后期，是用來諷刺那 些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的 年輕人。參考譯文Chinas economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more

9、prevalent with each passing day. At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. Theyre used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called t6the moon¬light group”. This word came into being during the

10、1990s, to make fun of those bom into wealth，who have received a high education, and who ap¬preciate fast food culture.4. 目前，全球變暖是一個熱門話題，但是有關全球變暖的各項證 據(jù)似乎還有些不同的聲音。人們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道，地球的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了 很多周期(cycle),盡管在歷史上還未出現(xiàn)過像今天這樣的時代，即 高度工業(yè)化(industrialization)產(chǎn)生如此多的污染。全球變暖主要是由 于二氧化碳氣體(carbon dioxide)的增多。參考譯文Global wa

11、rming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument. The earth is known to go through cycles; although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being exper

12、ienced. A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.5現(xiàn)代人類約公元前50000年第一次從中亞或印度來到中國。這 些石器時代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿著毛皮。公元前 4000年左右，這些人開始種植水稻，并飼養(yǎng)羊和雞。約公元前3000年， 他們開始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中國 人已進入青銅時代(Bronze Age)，并開始用于寫字。約公元前700年， 中國的金屬工人學會制作鐵器工具和武器。參考譯文Modem humans first c

13、ame to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chi

14、nese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC， Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron to6. 茶馬古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)兩邊，生活著20多個少數(shù) 民族。不同的地方有著各自美麗而神奇的自然風景和傳統(tǒng)文化，比 如:大理，麗江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅魯藏布江大峽谷和布 達拉宮(Potala Palace)。古道的兩旁有廟宇、巖石壁畫、騷站(post house),古橋和木板路，還有少

15、數(shù)民族舞蹈和民族服裝。時至今天， 雖然這條古道的蹤跡都消失了，但它的文化和歷史價值仍然存在。參考譯文Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori¬ties. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zang

16、bo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic valu

17、es remain.7. 中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食是節(jié)日必不可少的伴侶。例如，我國的端午節(jié)(the Dragon Boat Festival)是紀念古代 詩人屈原的日子。那一天，人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征 著圓滿，象征著家庭團聚。因此，中秋節(jié)(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅。春節(jié)是中國 的農(nóng)歷新年(the Chinese lunar New Years holiday)，除了常見的家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習俗 烹制傳統(tǒng)食物，如鉸子和年糕。參考答案Traditional Chinese hol

18、iday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. T

19、he round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Years holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, peoplecook traditional food according to regional customs, for

20、example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake .難點精析 1.中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食：翻譯為Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“節(jié)慶膳食”直接譯為holiday meals , 即可，翻譯時注意“中國的”和“傳統(tǒng)”的順序。2.紀念：翻譯為介詞短語in memory of,修飾前面的a day。 3.賽龍舟：翻譯為hold dragon boat races,其中hold意為“舉行”，“舉行龍舟比賽”即“賽龍舟”。4.觀賞滿月：“滿月”即fMlmoon,

21、此處的“觀賞”可以譯為viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。5.象征著家庭團聚：“象征”翻譯為系表結構is a symbol for,也可以用動詞symbolize表示，“家庭團聚”翻譯： 為 family reunion 即可。8. 北京有無數(shù)的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來了無窮的魅力。北京的胡同不僅僅 是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門建筑藝術。通常，胡同內有一個大雜院，房間夠4到10個家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充滿了友善和人情味。如今，隨著社會和經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同被新的高樓大 廈所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下來。

22、參考答案In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with

23、rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.難點精析1.帶來了無窮的魅力：翻譯為bring endless charm t

24、o。2.漢語習慣于用并列的散句或短語來表達一個語境，而英文習慣上用整句表述，句內不太重要的信息會用 | 介詞短語或從句來補充說明，如本段中“胡同內有一個大雜院，房間夠4到10個家庭的差不多20口人住”是 ： 兩個并列關系的漢語短句，翻譯成英文時可將第二句用with介詞結構表達出來，起補充說明的作用。3.充滿友善和人情味：翻譯為full of friendliness and genuine humanity。4.隨著社會和經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展：翻譯為with rapid social and economic development，也是with介詞短語的應用，在句中作伴隨狀語。9. 過去的七年，中

25、國的房地產(chǎn)(real estate)業(yè)經(jīng)歷了前所未有的高速增長。對于那些月薪較低卻渴望在大城市 擁有一套屬于自己的體面、舒適的棲身之所的人來說，高昂的房價是他們無法承受的負擔。鑒于這一狀況，政府近來采取了一系列的措施來防止房價過快增長，包括提高利率及增加房產(chǎn)稅等。目前，這些措施在部分城市已經(jīng) 取得了初步的成效。參考答案In the past seven years, Chinas real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a de

26、cent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real est

27、ate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.難點精析1.房地產(chǎn)業(yè)：翻譯為real estate industry。2.前所未有的高速增長：翻譯為a record high speed。3.鑒于這一狀況：可以根據(jù)上下文的語境轉譯為for this reason。4.采取一系列的措施：翻譯為take a series of measures。5.取得初步成效：翻譯為achieve initial effects。10. 剪紙(paper cutting)是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術形

28、式之一。中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝 和清朝時期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境，特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間， 剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙在世 界各地很受歡迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈外國友人的禮物。參考答案Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was

29、widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color mos

30、t frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.難點精析1.傳統(tǒng)民間藝術形式：翻譯為traditional folk art,其中folk意為“民間的，民俗的”，art既可以表示“藝術”這一抽象概念，也可以表示具體的“藝術形式”，所以直接翻譯為art即可，不必加f

31、orm詞。2.美化居家環(huán)境：“美化”即beautify，“居家環(huán)境”翻譯成their homes即可，不要逐字生硬地翻譯為home environment。3.增加喜慶的氣氛：翻譯為enhance the joyous atmosphere。4.象征健康和興旺：翻譯為which symbolizes health and prosperity,此處既可以用非限制性定語從句，也可以用分詞形式symbolizing health and prosperity。11. 大學生就業(yè)問題 如今，越來越多的大學生抱怨很難找到好工作。造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因如下：首先，大學生把在校的大多數(shù) 時間都用在了專業(yè)學科學習上，只有當他們開始找工作的時候，才意識到自己缺乏必要的職業(yè)培訓。其次，大 學生之間的競爭也越來越激烈，這導致任何一名大學生找到工作的機會都變小了。因此，強烈建議大學生在 課余時間做一些兼職工作，以積累相關的工作經(jīng)驗。參考答案Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spen