基礎(chǔ)英語4課文翻譯1-8

1、Unit 1 Never Give In, Never, Never, Never 絕不屈服，絕不，絕不，絕不Winston Churchill 溫斯頓·丘吉爾Almost a year has passed since I came down here at your Head Master's kind invitation in order to cheer myself and cheer the hearts of a few of my friends by singing some of our own songs. The ten months that ha

2、ve passed have seen very terrible catastrophic events in the worldups and downs, misfortunesbut can anyone sitting here this afternoon, this October afternoon, not feel deeply thankful for what has happened in the time that has passed and for the very great improvement in the position of our country

3、 and of our home? Why, when I was here last time we were quite alone, desperately alone, and we had been so for five or six months. We were poorly armed. We are not so poorly armed today; but then we were very poorly armed. We had the unmeasured menace of the enemy and their air attack still beating

4、 upon us, and you yourselves had had experience of this attack; and I expect you are beginning to feel impatient that there has been this long lull with nothing particular turning up!1 將近一年前，應貴校校長盛情邀請，我來到這里唱了幾首我們自己的歌曲，既為自己加油，也為一些朋友打氣。過去的10個月中全世界發(fā)生了可怕的、災難性的事件盛衰浮沉、厄運磨難但是，今天下午，這個10月的下午，在座有哪一位不會因為這段時間所發(fā)

5、生的一切，因為我們家國境況的改善，而心存感激呢？是的，上次我來這里時我們還孤立無援，形單影只，這種狀況持續(xù)了五六個月。當時我們裝備簡陋，現(xiàn)在有所改善，但那時真是家徒四壁。我們曾面臨著敵人的巨大威脅，而他們至今對我們狂轟濫炸，你們自己對于這種襲擊都有親身感受；我料想你們已經(jīng)開始按捺不住了，因為這么長的一段時間里，我們碌碌無為，按兵不動。But we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp and what is long and tough. It is generally said that the British ar

6、e often better at the last. They do not expect to move from crisis to crisis; they do not always expect that each day will bring up some noble chance of war; but when they very slowly make up their minds that the thing has to be done and the job put through and finished, then, even if it takes month

7、sif it takes yearsthey do it.2 但我們必須學會同樣善于應付短暫而干脆與漫長而艱難的局面。人們普遍認為英國人最終總是會勝出的。他們不指望關(guān)鍵時刻接踵而至；他們不是一直期待每天都有決戰(zhàn)的重大機會；不過一旦深思熟慮之后決意出手，即便需要經(jīng)年累月，他們也矢志不渝。Another lesson I think we may take, just throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago and now, is that appearances are often very deceptive, an

8、d as Kipling well says, we must ". meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two impostors just the same."3 回首10個月前我們在此地的相聚，對比現(xiàn)在，我覺得我們可以汲取的另一個教訓就是，事物的表象常常是很有欺騙性的。吉卜林說得好：我們必須“面對勝利和災難，以同樣的方式對待這兩個騙子?！盰ou cannot tell from appearances how things will go. Sometimes imagination makes things

9、 out far worse than they are; yet without imagination not much can be done. Those people who are imaginative see many more dangers than perhaps exist; certainly many more will happen; but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination. But for everyone

10、, surely, what we have gone through in this periodI am addressing myself to the schoolsurely from this period of ten months this is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never, never, neverin nothing, great or small, large or pettynever give in except to convictions of honor and good sens

11、e. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. We stood all alone a year ago, and to many countries it seemed that our account was closed, we were finished. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our school history, this part of the history of this country, w

12、ere gone and finished and liquidated.4 光看表象很難判斷事物將何去何從。有時想象的情景比事實糟糕很多，但缺乏想象人們會碌碌無為。那些想象力豐富的人們也許預想的危險比現(xiàn)實多很多；當然，還會發(fā)生很多危險；然而他們也必須祈禱獲得更多勇氣來維持這樣深遠的想象。當然，對每個人而言，我們在這個階段經(jīng)歷的一切我正在對學校發(fā)表演講誠然這是我們從這10個月中得到的教訓：絕不屈服，絕不屈服，絕不，絕不，絕不，絕不無論事務(wù)巨細都絕不屈服，除非你堅信屈服是光榮的明智之舉。絕不屈服于強權(quán)，絕不屈服于貌似氣勢排山倒海的強敵。一年前我們孤軍作戰(zhàn)，許多國家都以為我們被徹底打敗了，我們完蛋

13、了。我們所有的傳統(tǒng)，我們的歌曲，我們的校史，我們國家的這部分歷史，已經(jīng)消逝、告終與完結(jié)。Very different is the mood today. Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate. But instead our country stood in the gap. There was no flinching and no thought of giving in; and by what seemed almost a miracle to those outside these

14、islands, though we ourselves never doubted it, we now find ourselves in a position where I say that we can be sure that we have only to persevere to conquer.5 今天的情緒大不相同。其他國家認為英國輸?shù)靡粺o所有了。但恰恰相反，我們的國家挺身而出。沒有退縮，也絲毫沒有屈服的念頭；我們發(fā)現(xiàn)以目前的處境來看，我們只要堅持下去就一定能夠征服敵人，這一點在英倫三島以外的人看來是一個奇跡，但我們從不懷疑這一點。You sang here a verse

15、 of a school song: you sang that extra verse written in my honour, which I was very greatly complimented by and which you have repeated today. But there is one word in it I want to alterI wanted to do so last year, but I did not venture to. It is the line: "Not less we praise in darker days.&qu

16、ot;6 你們當時在此地吟唱了校歌中的一段，這一段是你們?yōu)榱宋叶氐貙懙?，我感到不勝榮幸，而今天你們又再次唱起那一段。不過我想改動其中一個詞語，我去年就想這么做了，但是沒敢這么做。就是這一句歌詞：“我們在更黑暗的日子里的贊美依然如故?！盜 have obtained the Head Master's permission to alter darker to sterner. "Not less we praise in sterner days."7 蒙校長應允，我現(xiàn)在可以把“更黑暗的”改成“更嚴峻的”。“我們在更嚴峻的日子里的贊美依然如故。”Do not le

17、t us speak of darker days: let us speak rather of sterner days. These are not dark days; these are great daysthe greatest days our country has ever lived; and we must all thank God that we have been allowed, each of us according to our stations, to play a part in making these days memorable in the h

18、istory of our race.8 讓我們不用“更黑暗的歲月”這樣的字眼：讓我們用“更嚴峻的歲月”來代替。這不是黑暗的歲月；這是偉大的歲月我們國家歷史上最偉大的歲月；我們?nèi)紤摳兄x上帝，因為上帝允許我們每一個人根據(jù)自己不同的地位扮演一個角色，讓這些歲月成為我們民族歷史上令人難忘的時刻。 Unit 2 Space Invaders 空間入侵者Richard Stengel 理查德·斯坦格爾 At my bank the other day, I was standing in a line snaking around some tired velvet ropes when

19、a man in a sweat-suit started inching toward me in his eagerness to deposit his Social Security check. As he did so, I minutely advanced toward the woman reading the Wall Street Journal in front of me, who, in mild annoyance, began to sidle up to the man scribbling a check in front of her, who absen

20、tmindedly shuffled toward the white-haired lady ahead of him, until we were all hugger-mugger against each other, the original lazy line having collapsed in on itself like a Slinky.1 幾天前，我去銀行排隊，隊伍沿著松松垮垮的天鵝絨圍欄蜿蜒前伸，這時一位身穿運動套裝的男子急不可耐地從我后頭向前挪步，想盡早辦理社會保險支票存儲業(yè)務(wù)。當他這么做的時候，我只好謹小慎微地向排在我前面閱讀華爾街日報的女士挪動步子。她略有不快，

21、于是側(cè)身向她前面那位正在涂寫一張支票的男士走去，而這位男士則漫不經(jīng)心地拖著腳走向他前面的銀發(fā)老太。這樣我們的隊伍就變得七歪八扭，原來慵懶的隊伍活脫脫變成了個“機靈鬼”I estimate that my personal space extends eighteen inches in front of my face, one foot to each side, and about ten inches in back though it is nearly impossible to measure exactly how far behind you someone is standi

22、ng. The phrase "personal space" has a quaint, seventies ring to it ("You're invading my space, man"), but it is one of those gratifying expressions that are intuitively understood by all human beings. Like the twelve-mile limit around our national shores, personal space is ou

23、r individual border beyond which no stranger can penetrate without making us uneasy. 2.我估計我個人空間的范圍身前有18英寸，身后10英寸，兩側(cè)各1英尺盡管要估算某人站在你身后多遠幾乎是不可能的?！皞€人空間”這個詞組帶有一種古雅的、70年代的味道(“老兄，你侵犯了我的空間”)，但這是一個能讓全人類一下子明白過來的令人滿意的詞組之一。就像我們國家擁有12海里領(lǐng)海權(quán)一樣，個人空間就是我們的邊界，只要有陌生人穿過這個邊界，就會使我們感到不安。Lately, I've found that my person

24、al space is being invaded more than ever before. In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close; on the street, pedestrians are zigzagging through the human traffic, jostling others, refusing to give way; on the subway, riders are no longer taking pains to carve out littl

25、e zones of space between themselves and fellow-passengers; in lines at airports, people are pressing forward like fidgety taxis at red lights.3 最近，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的個人空間比以往任何時候所遭受的侵犯都更加厲害。電梯里，人們搶在關(guān)門之前拼命擠進來；馬路上，行人奮勇向前，在人流中穿梭，推推搡搡，拒不讓路；地鐵中，乘客不再刻意在自己和別人之間留出狹小空間；在機場隊伍中，人們拼命向前壓上，就像等待紅燈時煩躁不安的出租車一樣。At first, I attribut

26、ed this tendency to the "population explosion" and the relentless Malthusian logic that if twice as many people inhabit the planet now as did twenty years ago, each of us has half as much space. Recently, I've wondered if it's the season: T-shirt weather can make proximity more all

27、uring (or much, much less). Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan the number seems to double every three months is infusing so much caffeine into the already jangling locals that people can no longer keep to themselves.4 最開始我把這種趨勢歸結(jié)于“人口爆炸”以及無情的馬爾薩斯理論。該理論認為，如果現(xiàn)在居住在地球上的人口比20年前多一倍，每個

28、人得到的空間就縮小一半。近來，我懷疑是不是季節(jié)的原因：穿著T恤衫的天氣使彼此靠近更具吸引力(抑或使吸引力大大減少)。或許是因為曼哈頓咖啡廳的激增數(shù)量每3個月翻一番將如此多的咖啡因注入原來就已經(jīng)煩躁不安的當?shù)厝梭w內(nèi)，使他們更加難以離群索居。Personal space is mostly a public matter; we allow all kinds of invasions of personal space in private. (Humanity wouldn't exist without them.) The logistics of it vary accordin

29、g to geography. People who live in Calcutta have less personal space than folks in Colorado. "Don't tread on me" could have been coined only by someone with a spread. I would wager that people in the Northern Hemisphere have roomier conceptions of personal space than those in the South

30、ern. To an Englishman, a handshake can seem like trespassing, whereas to a Brazilian, anything less than a hug may come across as chilliness.5 個人空間基本上是個公眾場合的問題；私下里，我們允許對個人空間進行各種各樣的侵犯。(沒有這些“侵犯”，人類不可能存在。)如何界定個人空間的大小因地而異。住在加爾各答的人比科羅拉多的人個人空間要來得少?！皠e踩我”這句話只可能是由擁有大牧場的人杜撰發(fā)明的。我敢擔保北半球的居民比南半球的個人空間的概念要寬大。對英國人來說

31、，握個手簡直就是擅闖禁地，而對巴西人來說，不給你來個擁抱就會給人一種冷若冰霜的感覺。Like drivers who plow into your parked and empty car and don't leave a note, people no longer mutter "Excuse me" when they bump into you. The decline of manners has been widely lamented. Manners, it seems to me, are about giving people space, n

32、ot stepping on toes, granting people their private domain. 6 就像司機撞上你停著的空車連個條子也不留，人們撞上人再也不說聲“對不起”。世風日下，哀聲遍野。在我看來，禮貌就是給別人以空間，不冒犯他人，允許別人有隱私。I've also noticed an increase in the ranks of what I think of as space invaders, mini-territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest

33、 destiny. In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room, while at coffee shops and on the Long Island Railroad, individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes.7 我還注意到，那些我所認為的空間入侵者們的規(guī)模在不斷擴大，這些小小的領(lǐng)土擴張主義者們帶著舍

34、我其誰的架勢堂而皇之地侵占著公共空間。這些日子，在影劇院中，人們霸占著兩邊的扶手，吞并手肘的全部空間；在咖啡廳里和長島的鐵路上，往往一個人就占領(lǐng)了面對面的火車座，而這種座位本來是給4位顧客或乘客的。Ultimately, personal space is psychological, not physical: it has less to do with the space outside us than with our inner space. I suspect that the shrinking of personal space is directly proportional

35、 to the expansion of self-absorption: people whose attention is inward do not bother to look outward. Even the focus of science these days is micro, not macro. The Human Genome Project is mapping the universe of the genetic code, while neuroscientists are using souped-up M.R.I. machines to chart the

36、 flight of neurons in our brains.8 歸根結(jié)底，個人空間是個心理上的問題，而非物理上的問題：與其說它與我們的外部空間相關(guān)，不如說它與人的內(nèi)心空間相關(guān)。我懷疑個人空間的縮水直接與自我專注的擴大成比例：那些只關(guān)注自我的人根本不屑于關(guān)注外部世界。這些日子，甚至科學研究都聚焦于微觀世界而非宏觀領(lǐng)域。人類基因組工程正力圖繪制基因代碼的全貌，神經(jīng)科學家們正使用加強型磁共振成像機捕捉腦神經(jīng)元的飛速漫游。In the same way that the breeze from a butterfly's wings in Japan may eventually pro

37、duce a tidal wave in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space. In the line at my bank, I now refuse to move closer than three feet to the person in front of me, even if it means that the fellow behind me starts breathing down my neck9 正如日本一只蝴蝶輕舞飛揚可能最終引發(fā)加利福尼亞的

38、一場海嘯，我決心一己之力拓展不斷收縮的個人空間。在我辦事銀行的隊伍中，如果前面有人，我一定和他最少保持3英尺的距離，即便排在我后面的人的呼吸在我脖頸上都感受得到也在所不惜。Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet 因特網(wǎng)與人際之疏遠1.        The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas. Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and

39、usage，it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters.1 It is my personal belief that the human potential can only be realized by the globalization of ideas. I developed this position2 years before the Internet came into wide spread use. And I am excited at the potential for the In

40、ternet to dramatically alter our global society for the better. However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences. 因特網(wǎng)為思想的自由交流提供了一個非凡的平臺。由于登錄和使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的限制相對較少，它的作用就等同于通訊傳播中的公海。我個人認為人類潛能只有通過思想的全球化才能實現(xiàn)。在因特網(wǎng)廣為應用之前許多年我就有了這樣的立場。我為因特網(wǎng)給全球社會的更好發(fā)展帶來的巨大變化振奮不已。然而，我也為預料之外的負面后果感到困擾。2.  

41、;      There has been much talk about the“new information age.”But much less widely reported has been the notion that the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.3 At first this might sound like an apparent c

42、ontradiction：how can something，that is on the one hand responsible for global unification by enabling the free exchange of ideas，alienate the participants？ 關(guān)于“新的信息時代”人們談?wù)摰煤芏?。但是，互?lián)網(wǎng)使網(wǎng)民之間彼此疏遠，從而導致社會的進一步土崩瓦解，對這方面的報道卻少得多。乍聽起來這似乎相互矛盾：一種東西怎么會既能讓人們自由地交流思想，從而使全球融為一體，同時又讓參與者彼此疏遠呢？3.     &

43、#160;  I had a recent discussion with a friend of mine who has what he described as a“problem”with the Internet. When I questioned him further he said that he was“addicted，”4 and has“forced”himself to go off-line. He said that he felt like an alcoholic，in that moderate use of the Internet was j

44、ust not possible for him.5 I have not known this fellow to be given to exaggeration，therefore when he described his internet binges，6 when he would spend over twenty-four hours on line non-stop，it gave me pause to think. He said，“the Internet isnt real，but I was spending all my time on line，so I jus

45、t had to stop.”He went on to say that all of the time that he spent on line might have skewed7 his sense of reality，and that it made him feel lonely and depressed. 我一位朋友自稱使用因特網(wǎng)出了“問題”，最近我和他討論了這個問題。我進一步追問時他說他有“網(wǎng)癮”，經(jīng)常得“強制”自己離線下網(wǎng)。他覺得自己像個酒鬼，因為他就是無法有節(jié)制地上網(wǎng)。據(jù)我所知，此人不喜歡夸大其詞，因此當他描述自己的網(wǎng)癮，說常常連續(xù)泡網(wǎng)一天一夜時，這引起了我的思考。他

46、說：“網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界不是真實的，但我還偏偏把自己所有時間花在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，所以我不得不懸崖勒馬?！彼又f他在網(wǎng)上花的那么多時間使他扭曲了現(xiàn)實感，讓他覺得孤單壓抑，郁郁寡歡。4.        The fragmentation of society has been lamented for some time now. It seems to me that it probably began in earnest after World War II when a generation returned from doing great d

47、eeds overseas. They won the war，and by God they were going to win the peace. Automobile ownership became commonplace and suburbs were created.“Progress”was their mantra.8 So even prior to the Internets widespread popularity，folks were already becoming distanced from their extended families and neigh

48、bors. And when we fast-forward to today we see an almost cruel irony in that people can and often do develop on-line relationships with folks on the other side of the globe，without leaving their homes. But at the expense of the time that would have otherwise been available for involvement in other a

49、ctivities which might foster a sense of community in their villages，towns and cities.大家哀嘆社會的四分五裂由來已久。在我看來，這種分裂真正始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，當時一代人在海外完成宏偉事業(yè)之后榮歸故里。他們打贏了戰(zhàn)爭，面對上帝，他們還要贏得和平。小汽車變得普及，人們建起了郊區(qū)?！斑M步”是時常掛在他們嘴邊的口號。于是甚至早于因特網(wǎng)大行其道之時，人們早就疏遠了大家庭的其他成員和左鄰右舍。我們把場景快進到今天，見到的情景幾乎可以說是殘酷的諷刺：人們足不出戶就經(jīng)常能和遠在地球另一端的人建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)系，但這樣做的代價

50、是：他們花掉了很多時間，而這些時間本來可以在他們自己的村子和城鎮(zhèn)里投身于各項活動，從而培養(yǎng)社區(qū)觀念。5.        Last weekend my wife and I invited our extended family to our home to celebrate our daughters birthday. During the celebration my young nephew spent the entire time on my computer playing a simulated war game.

51、My brother-in-law and I were chatting nearby and it struck us that in generations past，his son，my nephew，would have been outside playing with his friends. But now the little fellow goes on line to play his games against his friends in cyberspace.上周末我們夫妻邀請大家庭的其他成員來家里慶祝我女兒的生日。整個慶祝過程中，小外甥把全部時間都花在我電腦上玩一

52、個模擬戰(zhàn)爭的游戲。我和妹夫就坐在邊上聊天。我們都認識到，要是像幾代前的先輩那樣，他兒子，也就是我外甥，一定在外頭和朋友玩耍。但如今這小家伙不在外頭玩，而是上網(wǎng)和虛擬空間的朋友玩游戲。 6.       It seems to me that the Internet is a powerful tool that presents an opportunity for the advancement of the acquisition and application of knowledge. However，based on my

53、 personal experience I can understand how，as they surf the web some folks might be confronted with cognitive overload.9 And I can also understand how one might have his or her sense of reality distorted in the process. Is the Internet a real place？Depending upon how a“real place”is defined it might

54、very well be. At the very least，I believe that when we use the Internet，we are forced to ask fundamental questions about how we perceive the world about usperhaps another unintended consequence. Some would argue that the virtual existences created by some users who debate，shop，travel and have romanc

55、e on line are in fact not real. While others would argue that，since in practical terms，folks are debating，shopping，traveling and having romance，the converse is true.對我來說，因特網(wǎng)似乎是個強大的工具，它給人們提供一個不斷獲取和應用知識的機會。然而，通過我自己的親身經(jīng)歷，我能夠理解當某些人上網(wǎng)的時候，是如何面臨認知超載的。我也同樣明白一個人的現(xiàn)實感在上網(wǎng)過程中如何被扭曲。網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間是真實的嗎？按照界定“真實處所”的定義，網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間很可能

56、是真實的。退一萬步說，我相信上網(wǎng)時，我們會被迫拷問自己一些基本問題，比如我們?nèi)绾胃兄車氖澜缁蛟S這是另一個預料之外的后果。有人或許會說，用戶在網(wǎng)上唇槍舌劍、購物旅游、談情說愛的虛擬存在并不真實；而另一些人主張說，按實際的說法，人們確實在網(wǎng)上唇槍舌劍、購物旅游、談情說愛，那么網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界就應該是真實的。7.       All of this being said，I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achieving balanc

57、e in our lives. This would allow us to maximize its potential without losing our sense of place.10 However like most things that is easier said than done. It seems to me that we are a society that values immediate gratification above all else，and what better place to achieve it than in cyberspace，wh

58、ere the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster. The widespread use of the automobile forever changed our society and culture，and perhaps a similar sort of thing is occurring now. I am not at all certain where the“information superhighway”will lead us：some say to Utopia，12 while others feel its the road to

59、 hell. But I do know that we all have the ability to maintain our sense of place in the world. Whether we choose to take advantage of this ability is another matter.說了這么多，我認為發(fā)揮因特網(wǎng)潛能的關(guān)鍵在于在生活中取得平衡。這能使我們最大程度地挖掘網(wǎng)絡(luò)潛能而不迷失自己。然而，就像大多數(shù)事理那樣，說易行難。在我看來，我們這個社會似乎最崇尚及時行樂，要實現(xiàn)這一點，還有比網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間更好的場所嗎？在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上你可以想干什么就干什么。汽車的廣泛使

60、用永遠改變了我們的社會和文化，類似的事情現(xiàn)在也在發(fā)生。我壓根不確定“信息高速公路”將會把我們引向何方：有人說它會把我們帶入烏托邦，而另一些人覺得它是通往地獄之路。但我確信我們都有能力保持我們在世界上的方位感。但是我們能否選擇利用這種能力卻是另外一回事。Unit 4 A View of Mountains 望遠山1. On August 9, 1945, the day the atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Yosuke Yamahata, a photographer serving in the Japanese army, was dispatched to the destroyed city. The hundred or so pictures he took the next day constitute the