英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類與講解

1、英 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 詞 的 種 類提示：以下動(dòng)詞的分類并沒(méi)有絕對(duì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。有的分類只是為了更好地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、掌握動(dòng)詞的用法和搭配，以及更好地學(xué)好與動(dòng)詞有關(guān)的語(yǔ)法。切記：有些動(dòng)詞作不同的意義解釋時(shí)可以分屬于不同種類的動(dòng)詞。因此，我們要特別注意一詞多義現(xiàn)象。 動(dòng)詞的種類分類總表：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 請(qǐng)你參考復(fù)習(xí)以前發(fā)放的資料2可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need/ dare3可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作助動(dòng)詞shall/ should/ will/ would4勉強(qiáng)可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to/ had better/ used t

2、o助動(dòng)詞1be 形式變化：am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being同時(shí)是實(shí)義和系動(dòng)詞2do 形式變化：does/ did 同時(shí)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞3have 形式變化：has/ had/ having同時(shí)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞4shall形式變化：should同時(shí)是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞5will 形式變化：would同時(shí)是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞1狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be特別說(shuō)明：這里列舉的所有系動(dòng)詞本身都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。但它們表示的意思不同。請(qǐng)注意結(jié)合句意去理解判斷。2表像系動(dòng)詞look / appear/ seem3感官系動(dòng)詞feel / smell/ sound/ taste4持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep/ rest/ re

3、main/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ stay5變化系動(dòng)詞become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run6終止系動(dòng)詞prove/ turn out實(shí)義動(dòng)詞1不及物動(dòng)詞（vi）本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語(yǔ)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。vi后面若要跟賓語(yǔ)，必須加上介詞。有不少的動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞。區(qū)別在于它所表示的含義有所不同。第2頁(yè)有更多內(nèi)容及物動(dòng)詞 （vt）后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。vt后面可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)。2靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞是表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)的動(dòng)詞。一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。A. 表示存在、從屬意義的動(dòng)詞。如：be（“是”）、h

4、ave（“有”）、own, exist, live, belong toB. 與五官感覺(jué)有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞如：hear, see, feel, taste, smell及watch, notice, observe, find, catchC. 表示心理狀態(tài)或情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; think; find; forget; hate; hope; imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; regret; suppose; understand; want; wishD. 接度

5、量衡名詞的動(dòng)詞 (+數(shù)詞+單位) (這些動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)通常是物)weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞是表示運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞?？捎糜谶M(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。A延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示行為或過(guò)程能持久地繼續(xù)下去或能產(chǎn)生持久的影響。eat， listen， read， run， walk，work，write第3頁(yè)有更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容.B終止性動(dòng)詞：表示行為或過(guò)程是短暫的或瞬時(shí)間完成結(jié)束。arrive; begin; break; bring; buy; catch; cl

6、ose; come; die; discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell; start; stop; return; go; jump C表示狀態(tài)改變或位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞.arrive，change，come，die，go，land（著陸），leave3使役動(dòng)詞A.表示“使、令、讓、叫”等意義的動(dòng)詞. 如: make, have, let, get, keep第4頁(yè)有更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容.B.表示“使人，令人”的心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：interest; excite; astonish; move; amuse; surprise(+ sb.)4

7、表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞表示結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞put on / wear/ be on; look at/ see; look for/ find;listen to/ hear;study/learn; try to do/ manage to doprepare for/ be prepared for, advise/ persuade 等。請(qǐng)大家注意積累.5A謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。B非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中不是用作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。變化形式：進(jìn)行式、完成式、被動(dòng)式、否定式。A不定式 to do形式變化：to have done/ to have been done

8、 / to be doing/ not to doB動(dòng)名詞doing形式變化：not doing今后有專題復(fù)習(xí)有關(guān)內(nèi)容.C現(xiàn)在分詞doing形式變化：having done/ having been done/ not doingnot having done/ not having been doneD過(guò)去分詞done形式變化：not done相關(guān)動(dòng)詞分類對(duì)比與同近義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分（重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容）及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞vi用法（1）主語(yǔ)+ vi(+狀語(yǔ))(不及物動(dòng)詞):ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; cough; cycle

9、; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim; act, come, go, cry, bl

10、ow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, stand.(不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)): show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, die out, give out, run up, .vi用法（2）主語(yǔ)+vi+介詞+賓語(yǔ)aim + atlook +atstare +atstay +atglance + atlaugh + atcontact +with sbdeal + withdisagree + withend + in/up with wait +for depend + onoperate +o

11、nrely + oninsist + on doinglive +in/onbelong + to sbcome + to sbgo + tohappen +to sblie + to/inlisten + toobject +tooccur +torefer +torelate +toreply +toreturn +tostick +to sth graduate + fromsuffer +fromfail + insucceed +in doingfall +off/ ontostruggle + for/ againstvote +for/ against care + for/ab

12、outapologize + to sb for doingargue + about sth with sbdie +in/ from/ of/talk +about sth/ to sbthink +of/ about/ overcompete + in sth with sbagree + to/ with / onwork +on/ at/ in/for arrive + in/ at(要熟記它們的搭配。)vt與vi近義詞對(duì)比listen to sbsound like sthhear sbarrive in/atget toreachbelong to sbown sthposses

13、s sthlie in +be situated in +be located in +contact with sbtouch sbtalktellwork for sbserve sbreply toanswerappearshow sth to sbrise / go up / increaseraisesitseat sblook atsee/ watchsucceed in doingmanage sth/ to dobreak inbreak intogo outturn offlook forfindgive ingive upagree with sbpromise sbA既可

14、以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義不變。 如: begin 開(kāi)始。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 類似的還有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.B既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義完全不同。如lift作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是指煙霧的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是升高；舉起。He lifted his gl

15、ass and drank. 類似的還有：beat vi.(心臟)跳動(dòng)/vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生長(zhǎng)/ vt. 種植 play vi.玩耍/ vt. 打（牌、球）演奏 smell vi. 發(fā)出（氣味）/ vt. 嗅 ring vi.（電話、鈴）響/ vt.打電話 speak vi. 講話/ vt. 說(shuō)（語(yǔ)言） hang vi. 懸掛 / vt. 絞死 operate vi. 動(dòng)手術(shù)/ vt. 操作run vi. 跑步; 褪色 vt. 經(jīng)營(yíng)C 有的及物動(dòng)詞加上介詞后，表示的意思不同。如：allow 允許 allow for 考慮到感官動(dòng)詞 感官動(dòng)詞hear, see, feel, wa

16、tch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; listen to的用法歸納總結(jié): (感官動(dòng)詞+ sb. do/ doing / sth done)。1后接不帶to的不定式表示一個(gè)發(fā)生過(guò)或者還沒(méi)發(fā)生具體的動(dòng)作When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.2后接V-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we le

17、t out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3后接V-ed形式表示被動(dòng)意義。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 試比較（注意理解）:）I heard him sing a song. 我聽(tīng)他唱了一首歌（指自始至終整個(gè)過(guò)程）。）I heard him

18、singing a song. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他正在唱歌唱（指當(dāng)時(shí)動(dòng)作的某個(gè)片斷）。）I heard a song sung. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)（有人）唱歌（邏輯主語(yǔ)“歌”與“唱”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞的對(duì)比注: “”左邊的是終止性動(dòng)詞(瞬間動(dòng)詞); “”右邊的是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞更多的終止性動(dòng)詞(瞬間動(dòng)詞): borrow, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach, recognize.borrowkeepbuyhavebecomebeput on wearmove tolive inrecognizeknowcatch a

19、 coldhave a coldget to knowknowopen sthkeep sth openleavebe away frombegin/startbe ondie be deadfinishbe overreturnbe backjoinbe in + 組織機(jī)構(gòu) /be a member of + 組織機(jī)構(gòu)come herebe herego therebe therecome backbe backfall asleepbe asleepget to/arrive/reachbe (in)go (get) out be out fall illbe illget upbe up

20、 在有表示時(shí)間的場(chǎng)合，要注意根據(jù)句子或上下文提供的時(shí)間關(guān)系判斷句子中的動(dòng)詞該使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞還是終止性動(dòng)詞。1. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”狀語(yǔ)連用。但: come/ begin/ get + to + 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作。(“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”指具體某一時(shí)間點(diǎn);“段時(shí)間”指某一時(shí)間內(nèi).)It rained at eight yesterday morning. (誤)因?yàn)閞ain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight表示點(diǎn)時(shí)間，前后矛盾。It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. (正)-When did you get to know J

21、ack?-Two years ago.-Then youve known each other for more than two years.-Thats right.2. 終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。when表示的時(shí)間是“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞)，也可以是“段時(shí)間”(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。而while表示的是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或過(guò)程，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach為終止性動(dòng)詞; when不可用while替換

22、.)Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.3. 終止性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作的完成并產(chǎn)生了影響與結(jié)果。但一般不能與表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間段短語(yǔ)“for”或“since”以及“How long ”連用，終止性動(dòng)詞否定式除外。He has joined the League. 他已經(jīng)入團(tuán)。He has been a League member for three ye

23、ars. He has been in the League for three years. The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years.It is 4 years since the old man died.Four years has passed since the old man died.I bought the book 5 days ago.I have had the book for 5 days. 4.注意句型(1): “It is 一段時(shí)間since從句(+ 終止性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)

24、)” “一段時(shí)間has passedsince從句( + 終止性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí))”: 句子的含義是: “自從起, 有(多長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間)”。如果在since從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，那么與其一般過(guò)去時(shí)的含義就完全相反了。注意比較理解: I have been at school since I have been ill. 我生病以來(lái)一直在學(xué)校里。I have been at school since I was ill. 我病愈以來(lái)一直在學(xué)校里。Its 4 years since Mr Li smoked. 李先生吸煙已有四年了It is four months since my e

25、lder sister went to Britain.我姐姐去英國(guó)已有四個(gè)月了。More than three years has passed since Mary came to China. 瑪麗來(lái)中國(guó)已有三年多了5. 注意句型(2): “not + 終止性動(dòng)詞 + until/till .” 意為“直到才”。“延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 + until /till”表示：“一直延續(xù)到.”I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我畫(huà)完畫(huà)，我才上床睡覺(jué)。I wont leave till my pare

26、nts come back. 我將呆在家里直到我父母回來(lái)。言外之意是，我父母不回來(lái)，我就一直呆在家里，我父母回來(lái)后我就離開(kāi)家。I didnt receive the notice until last evening.直到昨天晚上我才收到通知。言外之意是，昨天晚上前我一直沒(méi)有接到通知。We worked until 11:00 yesterday evening. 我們昨天晚上一直工作到11點(diǎn)。高考中常見(jiàn)使役動(dòng)詞的用法與搭配1. makemake sb. do sth 使/讓/逼某人做某事; (被動(dòng)形式)sb. be made to domake sth done 使/讓某事得以 make s

27、b. adj 使某人處于的狀態(tài)make sb sth 使/讓某人成為 She will make a good wife. 她會(huì)成為一個(gè)好妻子。make oneself done 使某人的為他人所 (make oneself heard/ understood)2. havehave sb do sth 使/讓/請(qǐng)某人做某事. have sb doing. 使/讓某人一直做某事have sth done 請(qǐng)/讓某人做某事; 招致或遭遇到(不好的事情) have sb adj. 使/讓/某人處于的狀態(tài) It had the salesmen busy around.3. let let sb d

28、o sth 讓/允許某人做某事 let sb+介詞短語(yǔ) 讓某人處于的狀態(tài)4. keepkeep sb doing sth 使/讓某人一直做某事keep sb/sth +介詞短語(yǔ). 讓某人或某物處于的狀態(tài)5. getget sb to do sth請(qǐng)/讓某人做某事 Would you please get them to bring down the price?get sth done. 請(qǐng)/讓某人做某事 Ill get my hair cut.get sb doing. 請(qǐng)/讓某人一直做某事 The joke got us laughing.6. leaveleave sb (to) do

29、sth 讓某人做/干某事 Well leave them(to) run the shop. leave sb doing sth 讓某人繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài) Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain.leave sth done 讓某事保持的狀態(tài)The workers left the rest of the work untouched.工人們對(duì)余下的工作動(dòng)都沒(méi)有動(dòng)一下。7. causecause sb to do sth 使得/促使/引起某人做某事 What caused him to quit his job? 是什么原因使他辭職的?8. lea

30、dlead sb to do sth. 使得/引導(dǎo)某人做某事 What led you to think so? lead sb in doing sth 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)某人/帶領(lǐng)某人干某事. The Party leads us in carrying out reform and opening up.9. forceforce sb to do sth 迫使/ 強(qiáng)迫某人做某事The policemen forced the criminals to give up their arms. 警察迫使罪犯放下武器10. drivedrive sb+adj 使/逼迫某人變成的狀態(tài) The loud no

31、ise have driven us mad.drive sb to do sth 迫使/逼迫某人做某事 He drove her to admit it. 他逼迫她承認(rèn)。drive sb+介詞短語(yǔ) 迫使/逼迫某人進(jìn)入的境地The men drove the young man to the wall. 這幾個(gè)人把這青年人逼得走投無(wú)路.11. obligeoblige sb to do sth 使某人(按法律、條約、合約等要求)而必須做某事。The scandal obliged the minister to resign. 這一丑聞迫使部長(zhǎng)辭職。12. sendsend sb doing

32、sth 使某人進(jìn)入(特定狀態(tài)); (迫)使某人處于的狀態(tài)The slightest touch will send us floating away from in the opposite direction in space.send sb+介詞短語(yǔ) (迫)使某人進(jìn)入的狀態(tài)The failure sent him into discouragement.send sb to do sth 派某人干某事13. setset sb to do sth 使某人開(kāi)始或著手做某事 set sb doing sth 使某人開(kāi)始或著手做某事They set him to mow the lawn. 他們

33、叫他給草坪刈草.Her words set me thinking. 她的話使我深思。set + sb./ sth + adj 使處于(的狀態(tài)) She set the caged bird free. 14. placeplace sb in/into 使某人處于地位/位置The victory in the contest placed our team in a favorable position.15. putput sb in/into 使某人處于地位/位置 (用法同place.)16. bringbring sb/sth+介詞短語(yǔ) 使某人或某物處于的狀態(tài)bring sb. bac

34、k to life. 使某人起死回生 bring under control. 使處于控制之下The joke brought the class into laughter. 17. land land sb in 使某人在(地方)著陸 Ill land you safe in Liverpool.18. costcost sb sth. 使人遭到損失；使人賠了本The failure in the contest cost us the first place held for 10 years.這次比賽失敗使我們丟失了保持已10年之久的冠軍寶座。19.具有使役意義, 表示“使人，令人”的

35、心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：interest sb in(使某人對(duì)感興趣) excite sb (使某人激動(dòng))astonish sb(使某人震驚)move, amuse, surprise, terrify, convince, inspire, encourage, satisfy, delight, please, frighten, surprise, amaze, shock, worry, disappoint, discourage, puzzle, tire, terrify上述V-ed/ V-ing的用法區(qū)別: 如: The story was so moving that every

36、one present was moved to tears.What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.1實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是指具有完整意義，可以單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，主要表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和品質(zhì)。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也可與助動(dòng)詞相結(jié)合表示更加復(fù)雜的動(dòng)詞意義。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞主要包括及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類。（1）不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞指的是后面不能跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。在英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，又可

37、作不及物動(dòng)詞。純不及物動(dòng)詞很少。常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞有：apologize道歉 appear出現(xiàn)arrive到達(dá)come來(lái)go去run跑walk走die死 fall掉flow流淌happen發(fā)生rise升起、站起stay呆、留sit坐lie躺stand站cry哭swim游泳e.g.Lets go. 我們走吧?。?）及物動(dòng)詞能跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞稱為及物動(dòng)詞?？煞譃楦鷨钨e語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞、跟雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞、跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的及物動(dòng)詞等。常見(jiàn)的只跟單賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞accept接受 borrow借bury埋cover覆蓋defeat挫敗discover發(fā)現(xiàn)enjoy喜歡excite使激動(dòng)interest使感興趣plea

38、se使高興 put放 worry擔(dān)心surprise使涼訝 forget忘記guess猜測(cè)love熱愛(ài)use運(yùn)用e.g.Dont forget to wake me up at six tomorrow morning.別忘了明天早晨六點(diǎn)叫醒我。You can borrow one book at a time from the library.在圖書(shū)館一次只能借一本書(shū)。常見(jiàn)的跟雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞A指人的間接賓語(yǔ)在指物的直接賓語(yǔ)后面需加to的動(dòng)詞：bring帶來(lái)give給hand遞pass遞 pay付款post寄promise答應(yīng)read讀 return返還sell賣show表現(xiàn)teach教te

39、ll告訴wish祝愿offer提供e.g.I returned him the storybook.(可變?yōu)镮 returned the storybook to him.)我已把故事書(shū)還給他了。B指人的間接賓語(yǔ)在指物的直接賓語(yǔ)后需加for的動(dòng)詞：buy買choose選擇draw畫(huà)find發(fā)現(xiàn) keep保持make使order點(diǎn)菜paint油漆save救護(hù)e.g.Ill find you another chance.(可變?yōu)镮ll find another chance for you.)我會(huì)再給你找機(jī)會(huì)的。C指人的間接賓語(yǔ)在指物的直接賓語(yǔ)后既可加to也可加for的動(dòng)詞：do做play表演

40、read讀get得到sing唱歌bring帶來(lái)e.g.Ill get you some tea.(可變?yōu)镮ll get some tea to/for you.)我給你取些茶。常見(jiàn)的跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞A可跟形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：believe相信drive驅(qū)趕；使find發(fā)現(xiàn)get使keep使保持leave留下make使push推set使 consider認(rèn)為cut切dye染declare宣布imagine想象judge判斷paint漆e.g.We all believe him honest and kind.我們都相信他誠(chéng)實(shí)、善良。注意：這類動(dòng)詞只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)意義上不完整，賓

41、語(yǔ)后必須再加上一個(gè)成分(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))，其意義方可完整。B可跟名詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：call叫name命名make使變?yōu)閣ish祝愿consider認(rèn)為find找到keep使choose選擇elect選舉e.g.We consider him a strange person.我們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)奇怪的人。C可跟帶to不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：advise建議 allow允許ask要求expect期望 invite邀請(qǐng)get使order命令tell告訴teach教wish希望 warn警告e.g.Mother often tells me to make friends carefully.媽媽經(jīng)

42、常告誡我交朋友要小心。D可跟“to be+名詞或形容詞作賓補(bǔ)”的動(dòng)詞有：believe 認(rèn)為consider認(rèn)為feel 感覺(jué) find發(fā)現(xiàn)imagine 想象know知道suppose 猜測(cè)understand理解prove 證明declare宣布e.g.I believe what you said to be true.我相信你所說(shuō)的是真的。注意：這些結(jié)構(gòu)中的to be也可省略。E可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have使make使let讓 see看見(jiàn)notice注意feel感覺(jué)watch注意看look at看listen to聽(tīng)observe觀察discover發(fā)現(xiàn)注意：我們通常給

43、學(xué)生講的原則是記住這些詞后加動(dòng)詞原形。e.g. What made you think of that?什么使你想起那件事的?Paul doesnt have to be made to learn.保羅不必被逼著學(xué)習(xí)。F可用-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：see看見(jiàn)hear聽(tīng)見(jiàn)keep使catch抓住find發(fā)現(xiàn)have讓watch注意看smell聞到look at看listen to聽(tīng)observe觀察discover發(fā)現(xiàn)get使have使e.g. Can you hear someone playing the piano next door?你能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)隔壁有人彈鋼琴嗎?(v.-ing形式作賓

44、補(bǔ))The boy was last seen playing by the riverside.(v.-ing形式作主補(bǔ))人們最后一次看見(jiàn)這小男孩時(shí)他在河邊玩耍。G可跟-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have使get使make使find發(fā)現(xiàn)feel感覺(jué) see看見(jiàn)hear聽(tīng)見(jiàn)think認(rèn)為watch注意看e.g. I couldnt make myself heard by all the listeners.我無(wú)法使所有聽(tīng)眾都能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我。H可跟as/for等引起的介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：regard 看做 consider認(rèn)為choose選為use 當(dāng)作用keep把當(dāng)作e.g. You can k

45、eep this book as your own. 你可以留著這本書(shū)自己用。She is considered as the best dancer. 她被認(rèn)為是最好的舞蹈演員。I可跟副詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask叫、讓get使find發(fā)現(xiàn)let讓drive開(kāi)車送show領(lǐng)see看見(jiàn)invite邀請(qǐng)order命令e.g. Can I ask Bob in? 我可以讓鮑勃進(jìn)來(lái)嗎?Show the visitor in, please. 請(qǐng)把客人帶進(jìn)來(lái)。J可跟介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have使get使make使find發(fā)現(xiàn)feel感覺(jué)see看見(jiàn)hear聽(tīng)見(jiàn)notice注意到keep保持e.g. Do

46、nt have children at home all day. Give them time to play outdoors.不要讓孩子老呆在家里，給他們出外玩耍的時(shí)間。Keep all these books on the shelf and take them when necessary.把所有的書(shū)放在書(shū)架上，用時(shí)隨時(shí)拿。2.變化系動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別3 助動(dòng)詞 協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的詞叫做助動(dòng)詞，其自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。它與其他詞一起構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、疑問(wèn)和否定等形式。助動(dòng)詞用法例句be構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(bedoing)They were discussing something

47、about climate change.他們?cè)谟懻撽P(guān)于氣候變化的事情。be構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(bedone)English is spoken all over the world.全世界都講英語(yǔ)。表將來(lái)、命令、征求意見(jiàn)、約定等(be to do)We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我們明天早上7點(diǎn)在校門口集合。do注意現(xiàn)在，尤其是在口語(yǔ)中，will常用于第二、三人稱，但shall只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、三人稱，就失去了助動(dòng)詞含義，已變成情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。He shall come.他必須來(lái)。(shall有命令的意味)

48、4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法一覽表情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句注意事項(xiàng)cancould1表許可(和may可互換)、能力2表懷疑、推測(cè)、可能性（用于否定和疑問(wèn)句）3 could可表比can更委婉的語(yǔ)氣及用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1You can/may sit here./He can swim.2 He cant be sixty.3 Could you come again tomorrow?can和be able to都可表能力，但be able to可表達(dá)“某事終于成功”，有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。maymight1表可以（問(wèn)句中表請(qǐng)求，might更婉轉(zhuǎn)）2表可能，或許（用于陳述句）（might語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定）3表祝愿

49、（用于倒裝句中）1 May/Might I use your bike?2 He may/might be at home.3 May you succeed!1回答Maydo?的否定用 mustnt/cant2回答May/Mightdo?的否定用 cant/might notmust1表必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）2表推測(cè)（用于肯定句），譯為“準(zhǔn)是，一定”3. must用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏”1 You must study hard.2 She must be tired.否定式mustnt表不準(zhǔn)，禁止；否定回答用neednt/dont/doesnt have to(不必)have to只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化）Without help, I had to do it myself.must表主觀意識(shí)。have to有多種時(shí)態(tài)。ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用shouldYou ought to obey laws.否定用ou