大學(xué)英語精讀第三第二冊(cè)中英文課文翻譯

1、1.The dinner party I first heard this tale in India, where is told as if true - though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been abl

2、e to track down. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests - officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist - in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors

3、opening onto a veranda. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven't. "A woman's reaction in any crisis," the major says, "is to scream. And whi

4、le a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts." The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straigh

5、t ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outsid

6、e the open doors. The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing - bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters - the likeliest place - but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the serv

7、ants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left - under the table. His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone. "

8、;I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred - that's five minutes - and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready?" The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying ".two hundred and ei

9、ghty." when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut. "You were right, Major!" the host exclaims. "A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control."&qu

10、ot;Just a minute," the American says, turning to his hostess. "Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?"A faint smile lights up the woman's face as she replies: "Because it was crawling across my foot."UNIT 2-1 一場(chǎng)關(guān)于男人是否比女人勇敢的激烈的討論以一個(gè)意外的方式。晚宴我最初聽到這個(gè)故事是在印度

11、，那兒的人們今天講起它來仍好像實(shí)有其事似的盡管任何一位博物學(xué)家都知道這不可能是真的。后來有人告訴我，在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后不久就出現(xiàn)在一本雜志上。但登在雜志上的那篇故事, 以及寫那篇故事的人，我卻一直未能找到。故事發(fā)生在印度。某殖民官員和他的夫人舉行盛行的晚宴。跟他們一起就座的客人有軍官和他人的夫人，另外還有一位來訪的美國博物學(xué)家筵席設(shè)在他們家寬敞的餐室里，室內(nèi)大理石地板上沒有鋪地毯；屋頂明椽裸露；寬大的玻璃門外便是陽臺(tái)。席間，一位年輕的女士同一位少校展開了熱烈的討論。年輕的女士認(rèn)為，婦女已經(jīng)有所進(jìn)步，不再像過去那樣一見到老鼠就嚇得跳到椅子上；少校則不以為然?！芭艘挥龅轿＜鼻闆r，”少校說，反應(yīng)

12、便是尖叫。而男人雖然也可能想叫，但比起女人來，自制力卻略勝一籌。這多出來的一點(diǎn)自制力正是真正起作用的東西。”那個(gè)美國人沒有參加這場(chǎng)爭論，他只是注視著在座的其他客人。在他這樣觀察時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)女主人的臉上顯出一種奇異的表情。她兩眼盯著正前方，臉部肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了個(gè)手勢(shì)，對(duì)他耳語了幾句。男仆兩眼睜得大大的，迅速地離開了餐室。在座的客人中，除了那位美國人以外論證也沒有注意到這一幕，也沒有看到那個(gè)男仆把一碗牛奶放在緊靠門邊的陽臺(tái)上。那個(gè)美國人突然醒悟過來。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一個(gè)意思引蛇的誘餌。他意識(shí)到餐室里一定有條眼鏡蛇。他意識(shí)到餐室里一定有條眼鏡蛇。他抬頭看了看屋頂上的

13、椽子那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方但那上面空蕩蕩的。室內(nèi)的三個(gè)角落里也是空的，而在第四個(gè)角落里，仆人們正在等著下一道菜。這樣，剩下的就只有一個(gè)地方了餐桌下面。他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人發(fā)警告。但他知道這樣會(huì)引起騷亂，致使眼鏡索受驚咬人。于是他很快講了一通話，其語氣非常威嚴(yán)，竟使所有的人安靜了下來。我想了解一下在座的諸位到底有多大的克制能力，我數(shù)三百下也就五分鐘你們誰都不許動(dòng)一動(dòng)。動(dòng)者將罰款五十盧比。準(zhǔn)備好！”在他數(shù)數(shù)的過程中，那20個(gè)人像一尊尊石雕一樣端坐在那兒。當(dāng)他數(shù)到“280”時(shí)，突然從眼然處看到那條眼鏡蛇鉆了出來，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳起來把通往陽臺(tái)的門全都砰砰地牢牢關(guān)上時(shí)，室內(nèi)響起了

14、一片尖叫聲?！澳銊偛耪f得很對(duì)，少校！”男主人大聲說。一個(gè)男子剛剛為我們顯示了從容不迫、鎮(zhèn)定自若的范例?！薄扒衣保俏幻绹艘贿呎f著一邊轉(zhuǎn)向女主人。溫茲太太，你怎么知道那條眼鏡蛇是在屋子里呢？”女主人的臉上閃現(xiàn)出一絲淡淡的微笑，回答說：“因?yàn)樗?dāng)時(shí)正從我的腳背上爬過去?！盪NIT2-22.lessons from jeffersonJefferson died long ago, but may of his ideas still of great interest to us.Lessons from JeffersonThomas Jefferson, the third Preside

15、nt of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at last one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence.Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we learn from him today. Many of his ideas are es

16、pecially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote:Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out wheth

17、er the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot-observations.You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education J

18、efferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, "You must go int

19、o the people's homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France."Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people's opinions

20、 without careful thought. "Neither believe nor reject anything," he wrote to his nephew, "because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaved has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it."Jefferson felt that the people "may safely be trusted to hear ever

21、ything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always b

22、e conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, "There are two s

23、ides to every question. If you take one side with decision and on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions."Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. "No so

24、ciety," he said, "can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation." He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. "How much pain," he remarked, "has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect

25、the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind."Jefferson's courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation

26、 a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.Of all Jefferson's many talents, one is cent

27、ral. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing i

28、t was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal"When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a

29、 great debt to Thomas Jefferson, Who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free. 杰斐遜很久以前就死了，但是我們?nèi)匀粚?duì)他的一些思想很感興趣,杰斐遜的箴言, 布魯斯.布利文、托馬斯.杰斐遜美國第三任總統(tǒng)，也許不像喬治.華盛頓和亞伯拉罕.林肯那樣著名，但大多數(shù)人至少記得有關(guān)他的一件事實(shí)：獨(dú)立宣言是他起草的。雖然杰斐遜生活在二百多年以前，但我們今天仍可以從他身上學(xué)到很多東西。他的許多思想對(duì)當(dāng)代青年特別有意義。下面就是他講過和寫到過的一些觀點(diǎn)：自己去看。杰斐遜認(rèn)為，一個(gè)自由的人除

30、了從書本中獲取知識(shí)外，還可以從許多別的來源獲得知識(shí)；親自做調(diào)查是很重要的。當(dāng)他還年輕的時(shí)候，他就被任命為一個(gè)委員會(huì)的成員，去調(diào)查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否可以通行大型船只。委員會(huì)的其他成員都坐在州議會(huì)大廈內(nèi)，研究有關(guān)這一問題的文件，而杰斐遜卻跳進(jìn)一只獨(dú)木舟去做現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)。你可以向任何人學(xué)習(xí)。按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐遜均屬于最高的社會(huì)階層。然而很少跟出身卑賤的人說話的年代，在那個(gè)貴人們除了發(fā)號(hào)施令以外。杰斐遜卻想盡辦法跟園丁、仆人和侍者交談。有一次杰斐遜曾這樣對(duì)法國貴族拉斐特說：你必須像我那樣到平民百性的家里去，看看他們的燒飯鍋，吃吃他們的面包。只要你肯這樣做，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)老百姓為什么會(huì)不滿意，你

31、就會(huì)理解正在威脅著法國的革命?！弊砸炎髋袛?。未經(jīng)過認(rèn)真的思考，杰斐遜絕不接受別人的意見。“不要相信它或拒絕它?！彼诮o侄子的信中寫道，“因?yàn)閯e的人相信或拒絕了什么東西。上帝賜予你一個(gè)用來判斷真理和謬誤的頭腦。那你就運(yùn)用它吧。杰斐遜覺得人民是“完全可以依賴的，應(yīng)該讓它們聽到一切真實(shí)和虛偽的東西，然后作出正確的判斷。倘使讓我來決定，我們是應(yīng)該有一個(gè)政府而不要報(bào)紙呢，還是應(yīng)該有報(bào)紙而不要政府，我會(huì)豪不猶豫地選擇后者?！弊瞿阏J(rèn)為是正確的事。在一個(gè)自由的國家里總會(huì)有各種相互沖突的思想，而這正是力量的源泉。使自由保持活力的是沖突而不是絕對(duì)的一致。雖然有好多年杰斐遜一直受到激烈的批評(píng)，但他從不回答那些批評(píng)他

32、的人。他在想寫給一位朋友的信中表達(dá)他自己的觀點(diǎn)：“每個(gè)問題都有兩面。如果你堅(jiān)持站在一面，根據(jù)它有效地采取行動(dòng)，那么，站在另一面的那些人當(dāng)然會(huì)對(duì)你的行動(dòng)怨恨不滿?！毕嘈盼磥?，相信青年。杰斐遜認(rèn)為，絕不可以用那些已經(jīng)無用的習(xí)俗來束縛住“現(xiàn)在”的手腳?！皼]有哪個(gè)社會(huì)，”他說，“可以制訂一部永遠(yuǎn)適用的憲法，甚至連一條永遠(yuǎn)適用的法律也制訂不出來。地球是屬于活著的一代的。他不害怕新的思想，也不害怕未來?！坝卸嗌偻纯?，”他評(píng)論說，“是有一些從未發(fā)生的災(zāi)難引起的??！我期待的是最好的東西，而不是最壞的東西。我滿懷希望地駕駛著自已的航船，我滿懷希望地駕駛著自已的航船，而把恐懼拋在后面?！苯莒尺d的勇氣和理想主義是以

33、知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的。他懂得的東西也許比同時(shí)代的任何人都要多。在農(nóng)業(yè)、考古學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)方面他都是專家。在人人普遍采用農(nóng)作物輪作和土壤保持的作法以前一個(gè)世紀(jì)，他就這樣做了。他還發(fā)明了一種比當(dāng)時(shí)任何一種都好的耕犁。他影響了整個(gè)美國的建筑業(yè)，他還不斷地制造出各種器械的裝置，使日常生活中需要做的許多工作變得更加容易。在杰斐遜的眾多才能中，有一種是最主要的：他首先是一位優(yōu)秀的、不知疲倦的作家。他的全集，目前正在第一次出版的，將超過五十卷。他作為一個(gè)作家的才能很快便被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，所以，當(dāng)1776年在費(fèi)城要撰寫?yīng)毩⑿缘臅r(shí)刻來到時(shí)，這一任務(wù)便落在了他的肩上。數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人們讀到他寫的下列詞句都激動(dòng)不已：我們認(rèn)為這些真理是不

34、言而喻的；一切人生來就是平等的”杰斐遜在1826年7月4日與世長辭，正值美國獨(dú)立五十周年紀(jì)念日之際，他給他的同胞留下了一份豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)和眾多的榜樣。托馬斯 杰斐遜對(duì)美國的教育事業(yè)作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，他認(rèn)為，只有受過教育的人民組成的國家才能保持自由。UNIT2-33.my first jobTrying to make some money before entering university, the author applies for a teaching job. But the interview goes from bad to worse.My First Job While I

35、was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teac

36、hing my chances of getting the job were slim. However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter to feel nervous. The school was a red brick hou

37、se with big windows, The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main from a busy main road. It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured

38、moustache, a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair. He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. 'Ah yes,' he grunted. 'You'd better come inside.' The narrow, sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cab

39、bage; the walls were dirty with ink marks; it was all silent. His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dining-room. 'You'd better sit down,' he said, and proceeded to ask me a number of questions: what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate; how old I w

40、as; what games I played; then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes, he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy's education. I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had ve

41、ry little in common. The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art, which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park, a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.The tea

42、ching set-up filled me with fear. I should have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels; and I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry-two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school. Worse perhaps was the idea of

43、Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time. I said shyly, 'What would my salary be?' 'Twelve pounds a week plus lunch.' Before I could protest, he got to his feet. 'Now', he said, 'you'd better meet my wife. She's the one

44、 who really runs this school.' This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.進(jìn)入大學(xué)之前，盡力去攢一些錢。作者申請(qǐng)了一個(gè)教書職業(yè)。但是面試變得越來越糟。我的第一份工作, 在我等著進(jìn)大學(xué)期間，我在一份地方報(bào)紙上看到一張廣告，說是在倫敦某郊區(qū)有所學(xué)樣要招聘一名教師. 離我住處大約十英里, 我因?yàn)槭诸^很拮據(jù)，同時(shí)也想干點(diǎn)有用的事，于是便提出了申請(qǐng)，在提出申請(qǐng)的同時(shí)我也擔(dān)心，自己

45、一無學(xué)位，二無教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，得到這份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。然而，三天之后，卻來了一封信，叫我到克羅伊頓去面試。這上路去那兒原來還真麻煩：先乘火車到克羅伊頓車站，再乘十分鐘公共汽車，然后還要步行至少四分之一英里。結(jié)果，我在六月一個(gè)炎熱的上午到了那兒，因?yàn)樾那榉浅＞趩?，竟不感到緊張了。學(xué)校是一座裝著大窗戶了紅磚房子。前庭園是個(gè)鋪著礫的正方形：四個(gè)角上各有一叢冬青灌木，它們經(jīng)受著從繁忙的大街一吹來的塵煙，掙扎著活下去。開門的顯然是校長本人。他又矮又胖，留著沙色的小胡子，前額上布滿皺紋，頭發(fā)差不多已經(jīng)禿光。他帶著一種吃驚的、不以為然的神態(tài)看著我，就像一位上?？粗幻麤]系好靴帶的二等兵一樣。“哦，”他咕

46、噥著說?！澳阕詈玫嚼锩鎭??！蹦仟M窄的，不見陽光的走廊里散發(fā)出一股腐爛的卷心菜味，聞上去很不舒服；墻上墨跡斑斑，顯行很臟，周圍一片靜寂。他的書房，從地毯上的面包屑來判斷，也是他的餐室?！澳阕詈米?，”他說，接著便問了我許多問題：為了得到普通學(xué)校證書我學(xué)過哪些課程；我多大歲數(shù)了；我會(huì)玩些什么游戲；問到這里他突然用他那雙充滿血絲的眼睛盯住我，問我是否認(rèn)為游戲是兒童教育的一個(gè)極為重要的組成部分。我含含糊糊地說了些不必太重視游戲之類的話。他咕噥了幾句。我說了錯(cuò)話。我和校長顯然沒有多少共同語言。他說，學(xué)校只有一個(gè)班，二十四名男生，年齡從七歲到十三風(fēng)不等，除了美術(shù)課他親自教以外，其余所有的課程都得由我來教。

47、星期三和星期六的下午要到一英里以外的公園去踢足球、打板球。整個(gè)教學(xué)計(jì)劃把我嚇壞了。我得把全班學(xué)生分成三個(gè)組，按三種不同的程度輪流給他們上課；想到要教代數(shù)和幾何這兩門我在讀書時(shí)學(xué)得極差的科目，我感到很害怕。更糟糕的也許是星期六下午打板球的安排，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)候我的朋友大都會(huì)在悠閑地自得其樂。我羞羞答答地問，“我的薪水是多少？”“每周十二鎊外加中飯?！边€沒等我來得及提出異議，他已經(jīng)站了起來?！昂昧?，”他說，“你最好見見我的妻子。她才是這所學(xué)校真正的主管人?！蔽以僖矡o法忍受了。我當(dāng)時(shí)很年輕，想到將在一個(gè)女人手下干活，就覺得是最大的侮辱。UNIT2-44.the professor and the yo-y

48、oSeen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.The professor and the Yo-yo My father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein's home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, "I have something to show you."

49、 He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn't make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impr

50、essed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks. As boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himsel

51、f and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was co

52、ntent to go as far as he could. In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world's most important people

53、, his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth's. To do his work he needed only a pencil only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used

54、only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, "The razor and water do the job.""But Professor, why don't you try the cream just once?" I argued. "It makes shaving smoother and less painful." He shrugged. Finally, I pres

55、ented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. "You know, that cream really works," he announced. "It doesn't pull the beard. It feels wonderful." Thereafter, he used the sha

56、ving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water. Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn't have the slightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history - yet

57、Einstein wouldn't walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didn't have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible. My brothe

58、r once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But be couldn't. The next morning he announced, "I had thought about that bird for a lo

59、ng time before I went to bed and it must work this way" He began a ling explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. "No, I guess that's not it," he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did wor

60、k. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution. Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. "I've had good ideas, and so have other men," he once said. "But it's been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted.&qu