2017年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題及答案(第三套)

1、2017年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題及答案(第三套)“考試采取“多題多卷”模式，試題順序不統(tǒng)一，請(qǐng)依據(jù)試題進(jìn)行核對(duì)?！盤art I Writing(30minutes)Directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesayingHelpothers,andyouwillbehelpedwhenyouareinneedyoucanciteexamplestoilustrateyourviews.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200。Part IIL

2、isteningcomprehension(30miutes)SectionaSectionaQuestions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1. a)theyforbidbusinessproducemorefoodsthanneededb)theyfacilitatethedonationofunsoldfoodstotheneedyc)theyprohibitthesaleoffoodsthathavegonestaled)theyrewardbusinessesthateliminatefoodwaste2. a)itpas

3、sedalawaimingtostopoverproductionb)itprohibitedthepromotionofbulkfoodsalesc)itvotedagainstfoodimportfromoutsideeuroped)imposedpenaltiesonbusinessesthatwastefood3. a)ithaspenalizedbusinessesthatkeepoverproducingfoodsb) ithasstartedanationwidecampaignagainstfoodwastec) ithaswarmeditspeopleagainstpossi

4、blefoodshortagd) ithasbannedsupermarketsfromdumpingediblefoods4. a)americanshabitofbuyingfoodinbulk.b)alackofregulationonfoodconsumption.c) theconfusionoverfoodexpirationlabelsd) thesurplusresultingfromoverproductionQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5. a)itspecializesinthesaleof

5、ladiesdesignerdressesb)itoffersregularweekendsalesalltheyearroundc)ithasjustlauncheditsannualanniversarysalesd)ithasstartedaweek-longpromotioncampaign.6. a)pricereductionsforitsfrequentcustomers.b)couponsforcustomerswithbulkpurchasesc)freedeliveryofpurchasesforseniorcustomersd)priceadjustmentswithin

6、sevendaysofpurchase7. a)mailagiftcardtoher.b) allowhertobuyoncredic) creditittoheraccountd)givehersomecoupons8. a)refundingforgoodsreturnedb)freeinstallingofappliances.c)prolongedgoodswarranty.d)complimentarytailoringSectionbDirections:inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.attheendofeachpassage,youwi

7、llhearIreeorfourquestions.boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda,b,candd).thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard9. a)theyarethin

8、,tall,andunlikerealhumanbeings.b)theyhavemorethantwentydifferenthairtexturesc)theyhavetwenty-fourdifferentbodyshapesintotald)theyrepresentpeoplefromvirtuallyallwalksoflife.10. a)theydonotreflectyounggirlsaspirationsb)theyarenotsoldtogetherwiththeoriginalc) theirflatfeetdonotappealtoadolescentsd) the

9、irbodyshapeshavenotchangedmuch11. a)intoystoresb)inshoppingmalls.c)ontheinternetd)atbarbieshopsQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard12. a)moveablemetaltypebegantobeusedinprintingb)chineseprintingtechnologywasfirstintroducec)theearliestknownbookwaspublishedd)metaltypewasimportedfromkore

10、a13. a)itproducedsome20millionvolumesintotalb)ithelpedthegermanpeoplebecomeliteratc)itwasthebiggestprinterinthe16thcentury,d)ithadmorethanahundredprintingpresses.14. a)itboostedthecirculationofpopularworksb)itprovidedreaderswithmorechoicec)itmadewritingaveryprofitablecareerd)itpushedhandwrittenbooks

11、outofcirculation15. a)itacceleratetheextinctionofthelatinlanguage.b)itpromotedthegrowthofnationallanguagesc)itturnedtranslationintoawelcomeprofessin.d)itstandardizedthepublicationofgrammarbooksSectioncDirections:inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.

12、therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda,b,candd)Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughcentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16. a)theychooseajobwithoutthinkingitthroughb) theybecome

13、stuckinthesamejobfordecadesc) theyspendanaverageofoneyearfindingajobd)theygetboredafterworkingforaperiodoftime17. a)decidewhichjobismostattractivetoyoub)seeiftherewillbechancesforpromotionc)watchafilmaboutwaysofjobhuntingd)findoutwhatjobchoicesareavailable18. a)thepayyouaregoingtogetb)thequalificati

14、onsyouhavec)thecultureofyourtargetcompanyd)theworkenvironmentyouwillbein.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19. a)itisareligiousfestivalcelebratedbyafriean-amencars.b)itisanancientfesitivalcelebratedbyafriean-amencars.c)itissculturalfesitivalcelebratedbyafriean-amencars.d)itisasim

15、portantaschristmasforafrican-americans20. a)tocallonafrican-americanstoworshiptheirgodsb) tourgeafrican-americanstodomoreforsocitey.c) toremindafrican-americansoftheirsufferingsd)tohelpafrican-americanstorealizetheirgoals.21. a)faithinself-determination.b)thefirstfruitsoftheharvest,c)creativeworkand

16、achievementd)unityandcooperativeeconomics22. a)theytakeasolemnoathb)theydrinkwinefromtheunitycupc) theyreciteaprincipled) theycallouttheirancestorsnamesQuestions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23. a)itconsistsmainlyofvariouskindsofseafoodb)itbegantoimpacttheworldinrecentyearsc)itcontain

17、slargeamountsofdairyproductsd)itisoneoftheworldsmosthealthydiets24. a)itisregardedasoneofthegreatestresearchesofitskindb)ithasdrawntheattentionofmedicaldoctorstheworldoverc)itwasconductedinsevenmid-easterncountriesinthe1950sd)itinvolved13,000researchersfromasia,europeandamerica25. a)theyeatfoodswith

18、littlefatb)theyhavelowermortalityratesc)theyuselittleoilincookingd)theycaremuchabouttheirhealthPartIIIReadingSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefo

19、remakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ThepacificislandnationofPalauhasbecomehometothesixthlargestmarinesanctuaryintheworld.thenewmarinereserv

20、e.Nowthelargestinthepacific,will26nofishingormining.Palaualsoestablishedtheworldsfirstsharksanctuaryin2009.Thetinyislandnationhassetaside500,000squarekilometres-80percent-ofitsmaritime27,forfullprotectionthatsthehighestpercentageofan28economiczonedevotedtomarineconservationbyanycountryintheworld.the

21、remaining20percentofthepalauseaswillbereservedforlocalfishingbyindividualsandsmall-scale29fishingbusinesseswithlimitedexports.island30-havebeenamongthehardesthitbythethreatsfacingtheocean,saidPresidentTommyRemengesaujr.inastatement.creatingthissanctuaryisaboldmovethatthepeopleofPalaurecogniseas31too

22、ursurvival.wewanttoleadthewayinrestoringthehealthoftheoceanforfuturegenerations.Palauhasonlybeenan32nationfortwentyyearsandhasastronghistoryofenvironmen-talprotection.itishometooneoftheworldsfinestmarineecosystems,withmorethan1,300speciesoffishand700speciesofcoral.SenatorHokkonsBauleslead33-ofthePal

23、auNationalmarinesanctuaryact,saidthesanctuarywillhelpbuilda34futureforthepalauanpeoplebyhonoringtheconservationtraditionsofourpast.theseincludethecenturies-oldcustomof,whereleaderswouldcallatemporarystoptofishingforkeyspeciesinordertogivefish35anopportunitytoreplenish(補(bǔ)充)A) allocateI)permitB) celebr

24、itiesJ)secureOcommercialK)solitaryD) communitiesL)spectacleE) essentialM)sponsorF) exclusiveN)stocksGj)independentO)territoryH)indulgeSectionBDirections:inthissection,youangoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoiteachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninineoftheparagraphs.identifytheparagraphfr

25、omwhichtheinformationisderived.youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespandingletteronanswersheet2Datasharing:anopenmindonopendataAitisamovementbuildingsteadymomentum:acalltomakeresearchdata,softwarecodeandexperimentalmetbodspubliclyava

26、ilablcandtransparentAspiritofopennessisgainingacceptanceinthesciencecommunity,andistheonlyway,sayadvocates,toaddressacrisisinsciencewherebytoofewfindingsaresuccessfullyreproduced.furthermore,theysay,itisthebestwayforresearcherstogathertherangeofobservationsthatarenecessarytospeedupdiscoveriesortoide

27、ntifylarge-scaletrends b theopen-datashiftposesaconfusingproblemforjuniorresearchers,ontheonehand,thedrivetoshareisgatheringofficialsteam.since2013,globalscientificbodieshavebeguntothatsupportincreasedpublicaccesstoresearchontheotherhand,scientistsdisagreeabouthowmuchandwhentheyshouldsharedata,andth

28、eydebatewhethersharingitismorelikelytoacceleratescienceandmakeitmorerobust,ortointroducevulnerabilitiesandproblems.asmorejoumalsandfundersadoptdata-sharingrequirements,andasagrowingnumberofenthusiastscallformoreopenness.juniorresearchersmustfindtheirplacebetweenadoptersandthosewhocontinuetoholdout,e

29、venastheystrivetolaunchtheirowncareers. c c)onekeychallengefacingyoungscientistsishowtobeopenwithoutbecomingscientificallyvulnerable.theymustdeterminetheriskofjeopardizingajobofferoracollaborationproposalfromthosewhoarewaryof-orunfamiliarwith-openscience.andtheymustlearnhowtocapitalizeonthemovements

30、benefits,suchasopportunitiesformorecitationsandawaytobuildareputationwithouttheneedforconventionalmetrics,suchaspublicationinhigh-impactjournals.D somefieldshaveembracedopendatamorethanothers.researchersinpsychology,afieldrockedbyfindingsofirreproducibilityinthepastfewyears,havebeenespeciallyvocalsu

31、pportersofthedriveformore-openscience.afewpsychologyjournalshavecreatedincentivestoincreaseinterestinreproduciblescience-forexample,byaffixinganbadgetoarticlesthatclearlystatewheredataareavailable.accordingtosocialpsychologistbriannosek,executivedirectorofthecenterforopenscience,theaveragedata-shari

32、ngrateforthejoumalPsychologicalscience,whichusesthebadges,increasedtenfoldto38%from2013to2015.E funders,too,areincreasinglyadoptinganopen-datapolicyseveralstronglyencourage,andsomerequireadata-managementplanthatmakesdataavailable.theionalsciencFoundationisamongthese.somephilanthropic(&)funders,inclu

33、dingthebill&melindaGatesfoundationinseattle,washington,andthewellcometrustinlondon,alsomandateopendatafromtheirgrantrecipients.F butmanyyoungrescarchers,especiallythosewhohavenotbeenmentoredinopenscienceareuncertainaboutwhethertoshareortostayprivate.graduatestudentsandwhooftenareworkingontheirlabhea

34、dsgrant,mayhavenochoiceiftheirsupervisororanotherseniorcolleagueopposessharing.G somefearthatthepotentialimpactofsharingistoohigh,especiallyattheearlystagesofacareerEverybodyhasastoryaboutsoneonegettingscoopedsaysNewYorkuniversityastronomerdavidhogg.thosefearsmaybeafactorinalingeringhesitationtoshar

35、edataevenwhenpublishinginjournalsthatmandateit.H researchersatsmalllabsoratinstitutionsfocusedonteachingarguablyhavethemosttolose.whensharinghard-wondata.withmyinstitutionandteachingload,idonthavepostdocsandgradstudents,saysterrymcglynn,atropicalbiologistatcaliforniastateuniversity,Dominguezhills.th

36、estakesarehigherformetosharedatabecauseitsabiggerfractionofwhatshappeninginmylab.I researchersalsopointtothetimesinkthatisinvolvedinpreparingdataforotherstoviewOncethedataandassociatedmaterialsappearinarepository(儲(chǔ)庫(kù)),answeringquestionsandhandlingcomplaintscantakemanyhour.J thetimeinvestmentcanpresen

37、totherproblems.insomecases,saysdatascientistkarthikRam,itmaybedifficultforjuniorresearcherstoembraceopennesswhenseniorcolleaguesmanyofwhomheadselectionandpromotioncommittees-mightridiculewhattheymayviewasmisplacedenergiesihaveheardthisrecentlythatembracingtheideaofopendataandcodemakestraditionalacad

38、emicsuncomfortable,saysram.theconcemseemstobethatopenadvocatesdontspendtheirtimebeingasproductiveaspossibleKanopen-sciencestancecanalsoaddcomplexitytoacollaboration.kateratliff,whostudiessocialattitudesattheuniversityofflorida,gainesville,saysthatitcanseemasiftherearetwocampsinafield-thosewhocareabo

39、utopenscienceandthosewhodontthereisanewareatonavigate-areyoucoolwiththefactthatillwanttomakethedataopen?-whentalkingwithsomebodyaboutaninterestingresearchidea,shesays.Ldespitecomplicationsandconcerns,theupsidesofsharingcanbesignificant.forexample,wheninformationisuploadedtoarepository,adigitalobject

40、identifier(DOI)isassigned.Scientistscanuseadoitopublisheachstepoftheresearchlifecycle,notjustthefinalpaperInsodoing,theycanpotentiallygetthreecitations-oneeachfortthedataandsoftware,inadditiontothepaperitself.andalthoughsomesaythatcitationsforsoftwareordatahacelittlecurrencyinacademia,theycanhaveoth

41、erbenefitsMmanyadvocatesthinkthattransparentdataprocedureswithadateandtimestampwillprotectientistsfrombeingscooped.thisisthesweetspotbetweensharingandgettingcreditforit.whilediscouragingplagiarismsayslvoGrigorovaprojectcooedinatoratthenationalinstituteofaquaticresourcesresearchsecretariatincharlotte

42、nlund,denmark.hogg.saysthatscoopingislessofaproblemthanmanythink.thetwocasesimfamiliarwithdidntinvolveopendataorcode,hesays.Nopensciencealsooffersjunorresearchersthechancetoleveltheplayingfieldbygainingbetteraccesstocrucialdata.rosemounceapostdocstudingecolutionarybiologyattheUniversityofcambridge,u

43、k,isavocalchampionofopenscience,partlybecausehisfossilbasedresearchdependsonaccesstoothersdata.hesaysthatmoreopennessinsciencecouldhelptodiscouragewhatsomeperceiveasacommonpracticeofshuttingoutearly-careerscientistsrequestsfordata.Ocommunicationalsohelpsforthosewhoworryaboutjeopardizingacollaboratio

44、n,hesaysConcemsaboutopenscienceshouldbediscussedattheoutsetofastudy.wheneveryoustartaprojectwithsomeone,youhavetoestablishaclearunderstandingofexpectationsforwhoownsthedata,atwhatpointtheygopublicandwhocandowhatwiththem,hesays.Pintheend,sharingdata,softwareandmaterialswithcolleaguescanhelpanearly-ca

45、reerresearchertogainrecognition-acrucialcomponentofsuccess.thethingyouaresearchingforisreputation,saystitusbrown,agenomics（基因組學(xué)）researcherattheuniversityofCalifornia,davis.togetgrantsandjobs,youhavetoberelevantandachievesomelevelofpublicrecognition.anythingyoudothatadvancesyourpresence-especiallyina

46、largersphere,outsidethecommunitiesyouknow-isanetwin.36. astronomerdavidhoggdoesntthinkscoopingisasseriousaproblemasgenerallythought.37. someresearchersarehesitanttomaketheirdatapublicforfearthatothersmightpublishnethingsimilarbeforethem.38. somepsychologyjournalshaveofferedincentivestoencourageautho

47、rstosharetheirdata39. thereisagrowingdemandinthesciencecommunitythatresearchdatabeopentothepublic40. sharingdataofferscarlycareerresearchersthechancetobuildacertainlevelofreputation.41. datasharingenablesscientiststopublisheachstepoftheirresearchwork,thusleadingtomorecitations.42. scientistsholddiff

48、erentopinionsabouttheextentandtimingofdatasharing43. potentialproblemsrelatedtodatasharingshouldbemadeknowntoanddiscussedbyallparticipantsatthebeginningofajointresearchproject44. sharingdataandhandlingdata-relatedissuescanbetime-consuming45. juniorresearchersmayhavenosaywhenitcomestosharingdataSecti

49、oncPassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthebeginningofthemovie/robotarobothastodecidewhomtosaveaftertwocarsplungeintothewater-delspoonerorachild.eventhoughspoonerscreamssavehersaveher.therobotrescueshimbecauseitcalculatesthathehasa45percentchanceofsurvivalcomparedtosarahsllpercen

50、t.therobotsdecisionanditscalculatedapproachraiseanimportantquestion:wouldhumansmakethesamechoiceandwhichchoicewouldwewantourroboticcounterpartstomake?Isaacasimovevadedthewholenotionofmoralityindevisinghisthreelawsofrobotics,whichhoIdthatI.robotscannotharmhumansorallowhumanstocometoharm;2.robotsmusto

51、beypreservation,unlessdoingsoconflictswithlawsior2.theselawsareprogrammedintoAsimovsrobots-theydonthavetothink,judge,orvalue.theydonthavetolikehumansorbelievethathurtingthemiswrongorbad.theysimplydontdoit.TherobotwhorescuesSpoonerslifeini,robotfollowsAsimovszerolaw:robotscannotharmhumanity(asopposed

52、toindividualhumansorallowhumanitytocometoharm-anexpan-sionofthefirstlawthatallowsrobotstodeterminewhatsinthegreatergood.underthefirstlaw.arobotcouldnotharmadangerousgunman,butunderthezerolaw,arobotcouldkillthegunmantosaveothers.Whetheritspossibletoprogramarobotwithsafeguardssuchasasimovslawsisdebata

53、bleAwordsuchasharmisvague(whataboutemotionalharm?isreplacingahumanemployeeharm?)andabstractconceptspresentcodingproblems.therobotsinasimecomplicationsandloopholesinthethreelaws,andevenwhenthelawswork,robotsstillhavetoasscsssituations.Assessingsituationscanbecomplicated.arobothastoidentifytheplayers,

54、conditions,andpossibleoutcomesforwariousscennrios.Itsdoubtfulthatacomputerprogramcandothat-atleast,notwithoutsomeundesirableresults.Arobotocostatthebristolroboticslaboratoryprogrammedarobottosavehumanproxies(替身)called“Hbots”fromdanger.whenoneH-botofheadedfordanger,therobotsucecssfullypusheditoutthew

55、ay.butwhentwoh-botsbecameimperiled,therobotchoked42percentofthetime,unabletodecidewhichtosaveandlettingthembothdie.Therobotchoked42percentofthetime,unabletodecidewhichtosaveandlettingthemheadedfordanger,therobotsuccessfullypushedit.howcanarobotdecidewhomtosaveorwhatsbestforhumanity,especiallyifitcan

56、tcalculatesurvivalodds?46. whatquestiondoestheexampleinthemovieraise?awhetherrobotscanreachbetterdecisionsb)whetherrobotsfollowAsimovszerolawc)howrobotsmaymakebadjudgmentsd)howrobotsshouldbeprogrammed47. whatdoestheauthorthinkofasimovsthreelawsofrobotics?a) theyareapparentlydivorcedfromrealityb) the

57、ydidnotfollowthecodingsystemofroboticsc) theylaidasolidfoundationforrobotics.d) theydidnottakemoralissuesintoconsideration.48. whatdoestheauthorsayaboutasimovsrobots?atheyknowwhatisgoodorbadforhumanbeingsb)theyareprogrammednottohurthumanbeingsc) theyperformdutiesintheirownersbestinterest.d) theystop

58、workingwhenamoralissueisinvolved.49. whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthewordharminasimovslaws?aabstractconceptsarehardtoprogram.b) itishardforrobotstomakedecisions.c) robotsmaydoharmincertainsituations.d) lawsusetoomanyvagueterms.50. whathastheroboticistatthebristolroboticslaboratoryfoundinhisexperiment?a)robotscanbemadeasintelingentashumanbeiegssomed