高級英語第二冊 lesson 5 Love is a fallacy Para.53-75課件

1、Love is a fallacyPara53-75 Chen yuejuan Group 4 53 Whats Polly to me, or me to Polly? 54 Not a thing, said I.55 Its just been a casual kick -just a few laughs, thats all.56 Try on the coat, said I. 57 He complied. The coat bunched high over his ears and dropped all the way down to his shoe tops. He

2、looked like a mound of dead raccoons. Fits fine, he said happily. 58 I rose from my chair. Is it a deal? I asked, extending my hand.59 He swallowed. Its a deal, he said and shook my hand.“波利對我算得了什么?我對波利又算得了什么?” “只不過是一時高興-不過是說說笑笑罷了，如此而已?！?“試試大衣吧?！蔽艺f“他照辦了。衣領(lǐng)蒙住了他的耳朵，下擺一直拖到腳跟。他看起 來活像一具浣熊尸體。他高興地說：“挺合身的?！?/p>

3、 “我從椅子上站了起來?！俺山涣藛?”我說著，把手伸向他。 他輕易地接受了。“算數(shù)”他說，并跟我握了握手。casual kul adj.偶然的； 臨時的； 隨便的； 非正式的 eg；1. It was just a casual remarkI wasnt really serious. 我只是隨便說說，并不當真。 2. a casual and conversational tone 不拘禮節(jié)的談話語氣kick (n.colloq.) :pleasure高興，興奮 Comply v.遵從，依從，服從 1.They refused to comply with the UN resolutio

4、n. 他們拒絕遵守聯(lián)合國的決議。2. Failure to comply with these conditions will result in termination of the contract. 不遵守這些條件將導致合同終止。Bunch n.束，串，捆； 一串，一群； 一幫，一伙； 非正式用語大量 vt.聚成一串，形成一串； 聚成一組； 使起褶：使（織物）起褶 vi.形成一串，形成一組； 打褶； 膨脹，凸出 Spread out more. Dont bunch up on the centre. 再散開一點, 不要都擠在中間. His arm muscles bunch out w

5、hen he lift the stone lion. 他舉起石獅時臂上的肌肉一塊一塊隆起.mound mandn.土堆，土丘； 堆 There is a mound of papers on my desk. 在我的辦公桌上有一大堆文件. Whats Polly to me, or me to Polly?parody(仿擬) 這是一種巧妙、機制而有趣的修辭格。仿擬有意仿照人們熟知的現(xiàn)成的語言材料，根據(jù)表達的需要臨時創(chuàng)造出新的語、句、篇，以使語言生動活潑，或諷刺嘲弄，或幽默詼諧，妙趣盎然。如： To lie or not to lie ,that is a question.撒謊還是不撒謊，

6、這是個問題。（仿擬的是莎士比亞名著哈姆雷特的名句To be or not to be, that is the question.60 I had my first date with Polly the following evening. This was in the nature of a survey; I wanted to find out just how much work I had to do to get her mind up to the standard I required. I took her first to dinner. Gee, that was a

7、 delish （=delicious） dinner, she said as we left the restaurant. Then I took her to a movie. Gee, that was a marvy (=marvelous) movie, she said as we left the theater. And then I took her home. Gee, I had a sensaysh (=sensational) time, she said as she bade me good night. 第二天晚上，我與波利第一次約會了。這一次實際上是我對她

8、的考察。我想弄清要作多大的努力才能使她的頭腦達到我的要求。我首先請她去吃飯。“哈，這頓飯真夠意思，”離開餐館時她說。然后我請她去看電影?！昂?，這片子真好看，”走出影院時她說。最后我送她回家。和我道別時她說：“嘿，今晚玩得真痛快?！?get her mind up使她的頭腦達到sensational adj.轟動的； 聳人聽聞的； 極好的； 絕妙的 (1). Papers of this kind are full of sensational news reports. 這類報紙滿是聳人聽聞的新聞報道。(2). Their performance was sensational. 他們的演出妙

9、極了。bade bed v.出價，投標( bid的過去式 )； 懇求； 命令； 說（問候話）(1). I bid you adieu. dju:n.告別，辭行 int.再見（含“永不再見”意） 跟你說再見。61 I went back to my room with a heavy heart. I had gravely underestimated the size of my task. This girls lack of information was terrifying. Nor would it be enough merely to supply her with infor

10、mation First she had to be taught to think. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey. But then I got to thinking about her abundant physical charms and about the way she entered a room and the way she handled a knife and fork, and I decide

11、d to make an effort.我?guī)е淮笸纯斓男那榛氐搅朔块g。我對這任務(wù)的艱巨性估計得太低了。這姑娘的知識少得叫人吃驚。只是給她增加知識還不夠，首先得教她學會思考。這可不是一件容易的事，當時我真想把她還給皮蒂算了。但我一想到她那充滿魅力的身材，她那進屋時的模樣，她那拿刀叉的姿式，我還是決定再作一番努力。 gravely嚴重地； 嚴肅地； 沉重地； 莊重地； 1. Her mother was gravely ill. 她母親病得很重. 2. He spoke gravely of the situation. 他心情沉重地談?wù)撝謩?3. We considered gravely

12、before giving our consent. 我們經(jīng)過慎重考慮后才應(yīng)承此事.loomed loom (v.) :appear，or come in sight indistinctly隱約出現(xiàn) 1.Vincent loomed over me, as pale and grey as a tombstone. 文森特赫然聳現(xiàn)在我面前，面色灰白得像一塊墓碑。dimension (n.) :extent，size，or degreescope體積，容積，面積；范圍，規(guī)模；方面 3D : three-dimensional三維圖形 tempt vt.引誘，慫恿； 吸引； 冒的風險； 使感興趣

13、 vi.有吸引力想做的;希望做的 1.Im very tempted to sell my house. 我很想把我的房子賣掉。2.Shed never even felt tempted to return. 她甚至從未動過回來的念頭。3. I was sorely tempted to complain, but I didnt. 我極想發(fā)牢騷，但還是沒開口。 4. When faced with adversity she was never tempted to give up. 面對逆境她從未想過放棄。This loomed as a project of no small dime

14、nsions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey. =(understatement低調(diào)陳述)no small dimensions用的是低調(diào)陳述：輕描淡寫地陳述一種想法。62 I went about it, as in all things, systematically. I gave her a course in logic. It happened that I, as a law student, was taking a course in logic myself, so I had all the fa

15、cts at my finger tips (了如指掌).Polly, I said to her when I picked her up(接)on our next date, tonight we are going over to the Knoll and talk.“ 就像做其他的事情一樣，我開始有計劃地干了起來。我開始給她上輯課。幸好我是一個學法律的學生，我自己也正在學邏輯學，所以對要教的內(nèi)容我都很熟悉。當我接她赴第二次約會時，我對她說：“今晚上咱們?nèi)バ∩秸務(wù)劙伞薄t my finger tips Its at my finger tips. 此事我了如指掌了如指掌.go ov

16、er vt.重溫； 翻； 轉(zhuǎn)為； 留下印象； 擱置起來 This matter will go over until the next session.這件事將留待下次會議討論。2. Ill go over and take a look. 我過去看一看。3. What a day to go over there, thought Carrie. “ 偏偏挑這么糟的天氣去那里, 嘉莉想.Knoll 人名 英格蘭人姓氏 諾爾地貌名稱，或住所名稱，來源于古英語，含義是“山頂”(top of a hill)； 地名 圓丘、海穹63 0o, terrif (=terrific), she repli

17、ed. One thing I will say for this girl: you would go far to find another so agreeable.64 We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oakk橡樹.and she looked at me expectantly. What are we going to talk about? she asked.“啊，好極了，”她回答道。對這姑娘我要補充一句的是，像她這么好商量的人是不多見的。我們?nèi)チ恕靶∩健?/p>

18、，這是校園里人們幽會的地方。我們坐在一棵老橡樹下，她用期待的眼神看著我。“我們談些什么呢?”她問。terrifictrfk adj.極好的； 極其的，非常的； 可怕的，凄慘的； 了不起 tryst trst n.幽會 v.和約會(1). Two investors in search of a well-matched trading partner can have a tryst by other means. 兩個投資者若要尋找天造地設(shè)的交易伙伴，可以通過其它手段來幽會expectantlykspektntl adv.期待地，期望地 65 Logic.66 She thought thi

19、s over for a minute and decided she liked it. Magnif (=magnificent), she said.67 Logic, I said, clearing my throat, is the science of thinking. Before we can think correctly, we must first learn to recognize the common fallacies of logic. These we will take up tonight.“ “邏輯學” 她想了一會兒，覺得不錯，便說：“好極了?！?“

20、邏輯學，”我清了清嗓了，“就是思維的科學。在我們能正確地思維之前，首先必須學會判別邏輯方面的常見謬誤。我們今晚就要來談?wù)勥@些。” take up開始從事； 接受（提議）； 占用 1. to take up farming 從事農(nóng)業(yè) 2. It is not difficult to take up a new career in midlife. 人到中年開始新的事業(yè)并不難。3. Id like to take up your offer of a ride into town. 我愿接受你的邀請，搭你的車進城。68 Wow-dow! she cried, clapping her hands

21、 delightedly.69 I winced, but went bravely on. First let us examine the fallacy called Dicto Simpliciter.70 By all means, she urged, battingn.拍打 her lashes eagerly.哇!”她叫了起來，高興地拍著手。我打了個寒噤，但還是鼓足勇氣講下去：“首先我們來考究一下被稱為絕對判斷的謬誤?！?“好呀!”她眨了眨眼，催促著。wince wns (v.) :shrink or draw back slightly，usually with a grim

22、aceas in pain，embarassment, etc(因疼痛、窘迫等)畏縮；退縮 eg : As soon as he touched her she seemed to wince and stiffen. 只要他碰到她，她便一陣畏縮，全身僵硬。Dicto Simpliciter絕對判斷；草率前提；外延擴大；絕對化推論Lash n.鞭撻，鞭子； 責罵； 諷刺； 眼睫毛 vi.急速甩動； 猛擊； 抽打； 嚴厲譴責 vt.鞭打； 擺動； 激勵，煽動； 捆綁 71, Dicto Simpliciter means an argument based on an unqualified g

23、eneralization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore everybody should exercise.72 1 agree, said Polly earnestly. 1 mean exercise is wonderful. I mean it builds the body and everything. “絕對判斷指的是根據(jù)一種無條件的前提推出的論斷。譬如說，運動是有益的，因此人人都要運動?！薄安诲e，”波利認真地說，“運動是非常有益的，它能增強體質(zhì)，好處太多了!” unqualified adj.不合格的； 無資格的； 無限

24、制的； 不勝任的 1. I feel unqualified to comment on the subject. 我覺得沒有資格對此事發(fā)表意見。2. I am quite unqualified to talk on this subject. 我毫無資格談?wù)撨@個問題。3. He was unqualified and totally inexperienced. 他不夠資格，而且毫無經(jīng)驗。generalization n.一般化； 普通化； 歸納； 概論 1. It is unwise to be hasty in generalization. 急于下明智的。2. We now stat

25、e the generalization of the two previous problems. 我們敘述前面兩個問題的一般情形。earnestly adv.認真地，誠摯地，熱切地 1. The boy earnestly asked that his application be granted. 那孩子熱切地要求批準他的申請。2. I earnestly wish I could have been present at the meeting yesterday. 我倒真愿意能參加昨天的會議。buildvt.建造，構(gòu)筑； 建立； 開發(fā)； 為建立基礎(chǔ) vi.建造，營造； 擴大，擴展；

26、發(fā)展，達到 n.體格，構(gòu)造； 俚優(yōu)美的體型，肉體美73 Polly, I said gently, the argument is a fallacy. Exercise is good is an unqualified generalization. For instance, if you have heart disease, exercise is bad, not good. Many people are ordered by their doctors not to exercise. You must qualify the generalization. You must

27、say exercise is usually good, or exercise is good for most people. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simplioiter. Do you see?波利，”我溫和地說，“這種論點是謬誤。運動有益是一種無條件的前提。比方說，假設(shè)你得了心臟病，運動不但無益，反而有害，有不少人醫(yī)生就不準他們運動。你必須給這種前提加以限制。你應(yīng)該說，一般來說運動是有益的?；蛘哒f，對大多數(shù)人是有益的。否則就是犯了絕對判斷的錯誤，懂嗎?” qualify vt.& vi.（使）具有資格； 有權(quán)； 達標 vt.限定，修飾； 描述，形容； 使合適； 證 明合格 commit vt.犯罪，做錯事； 把托付給； 保 證； 承諾，使承擔義務(wù) to commit an offense 犯罪 to commit a sin 犯罪3. to commit s