英語(yǔ)意群、重讀、弱讀、連讀、爆破和語(yǔ)調(diào)（課堂PPT）

1、.1Language is power!Language is power!語(yǔ)言就是力量！語(yǔ)言就是力量！.2.3 Must I stick it on myself? Must I stick it on myself? Must I stick it on myself?在連貫的話語(yǔ)中，不可能所有的詞都同樣重要，在連貫的話語(yǔ)中，不可能所有的詞都同樣重要，必然有些詞較為關(guān)鍵，有些詞則相對(duì)次要一些。必然有些詞較為關(guān)鍵，有些詞則相對(duì)次要一些。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，關(guān)鍵詞需要重讀，這就是句子重音，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，關(guān)鍵詞需要重讀，這就是句子重音，而其他詞則不必重讀。而其他詞則不必重讀。.4 名詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞

2、、數(shù)名詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)詞和感嘆詞等一詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)詞和感嘆詞等一般都重讀。般都重讀。 而冠詞、介詞、連詞和一般性的代詞而冠詞、介詞、連詞和一般性的代詞則不重讀。則不重讀。.5 What s the matter? The sweater is beautiful. Your book is on the desk. He started counting it. He usually gets up at six oclock.6 1. 助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有句子重音，但在附加動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有句子重音，但在附加句中可以重讀，在簡(jiǎn)答句

3、中則必須重讀：句中可以重讀，在簡(jiǎn)答句中則必須重讀： He wont do it, will he? No he wont. You can do it, cant you? Yes, I can. You were trying, werent you? Yes, I was. 2. 助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞與not連成一詞時(shí)要重讀：連成一詞時(shí)要重讀： She doesnt like the weather here. I cant speak French。 They arent waiting for us. He isnt a tech nician.7 3.

4、be用在一般疑問(wèn)句句首時(shí)，重讀與否均可：用在一般疑問(wèn)句句首時(shí)，重讀與否均可： Is he a worker? Is he a worker? 比較句中的重音比較句中的重音 在比較句中，重音落在在比較句中，重音落在as或或than后的代（名）詞上：后的代（名）詞上： This is better than that. John is taller than Bill. Shes as happy as a lark. Hes as sly as a fox.8 句子的重音總是要表現(xiàn)說(shuō)話人的思想和他句子的重音總是要表現(xiàn)說(shuō)話人的思想和他所要表達(dá)的意思的重點(diǎn)。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，所要表達(dá)的意思的重點(diǎn)。有時(shí)為

5、了強(qiáng)調(diào)，句子中幾乎任何詞都可以有句子重音，包句子中幾乎任何詞都可以有句子重音，包括一些通常沒(méi)有句子重音的詞，這種括一些通常沒(méi)有句子重音的詞，這種依說(shuō)依說(shuō)話者意圖重讀的音就是邏輯重音話者意圖重讀的音就是邏輯重音。.9 Are you angry with me? Are you angry with me? Are you angry with me? Did you tell my wife? Did you tell my wife? Did you tell my wife? We heard John talking. We heard John talking. We heard Jo

6、hn talking.10 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)主要有英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)主要有降調(diào)、升調(diào)和平調(diào)降調(diào)、升調(diào)和平調(diào)三大類(lèi)。三大類(lèi)。 不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)可以表示說(shuō)話人不同的態(tài)度和不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)可以表示說(shuō)話人不同的態(tài)度和不同的隱含意思。不同的隱含意思。 英語(yǔ)中同一句話采用不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)會(huì)產(chǎn)生截英語(yǔ)中同一句話采用不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)會(huì)產(chǎn)生截然不同的語(yǔ)意概念。如然不同的語(yǔ)意概念。如“Yes”Yes”。 語(yǔ)調(diào)具有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，它使語(yǔ)言更富語(yǔ)調(diào)具有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，它使語(yǔ)言更富有表現(xiàn)力。有表現(xiàn)力。.11 用于陳述句用于陳述句 I have already read that book. That street is two miles long. 用于特殊

7、疑問(wèn)句用于特殊疑問(wèn)句 What has happened to him? Which direction is it to the post office? 注意：注意：特殊疑問(wèn)句有時(shí)可用升調(diào)表示請(qǐng)別人重復(fù)剛說(shuō)過(guò)的話：特殊疑問(wèn)句有時(shí)可用升調(diào)表示請(qǐng)別人重復(fù)剛說(shuō)過(guò)的話： What is your major? Where shall we go for the holiday? .12 用于祈使句用于祈使句 Go back to your seat! Please do not hesitate to contact me. 用于感嘆句用于感嘆句 What a small world! Oh! M

8、y poor Mathilde, how youve changed! 用于選擇疑問(wèn)句中用于選擇疑問(wèn)句中“or”之后的部分之后的部分 Do you want to ride or walk? Would you like coffee or tea? .13 用于一般疑問(wèn)句用于一般疑問(wèn)句 Do you mind if I sit here? Can you hand in your compositions today? 注意注意：一般疑問(wèn)句有時(shí)也可用降調(diào)，表示一種不：一般疑問(wèn)句有時(shí)也可用降調(diào)，表示一種不耐煩的口氣，或表示命令等。耐煩的口氣，或表示命令等。 Are you satisfied?

9、 Will you take off your hat, please? .14 用于羅列中最后一項(xiàng)之前的各項(xiàng)用于羅列中最后一項(xiàng)之前的各項(xiàng) For each incomplete sentence, there are four choices marked A , B , C , and D. We study Chinese , history , geography , and English. 用于陳述句，表示疑問(wèn)、懷疑、未定、猜測(cè)或期待等用于陳述句，表示疑問(wèn)、懷疑、未定、猜測(cè)或期待等 Your really want to do it? She might have gone. I

10、think so. .15 用于置于句首的狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句用于置于句首的狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句 After dinner , I read a magazine and made telephone calls. While you were writing letters , I was reading a book. 用于并列句的第一個(gè)分句，表示句子還未說(shuō)完用于并列句的第一個(gè)分句，表示句子還未說(shuō)完 My fever is gone , but I still have a cough. My major is English , and I like it. 用于委婉祈使句用于委婉祈使句 E

11、xcuse me, sir . Can you help me? 用于稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)用于稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ) Mrs. Smith , this is Tom Jones. .16 用于直接引語(yǔ)后，表示話是誰(shuí)說(shuō)的用于直接引語(yǔ)后，表示話是誰(shuí)說(shuō)的 “We are going to Florida,” she said brightly. “How do you feel, boy?” I asked him. .17“連讀連讀”是在是在一個(gè)意群內(nèi)一個(gè)意群內(nèi)進(jìn)行的，它是在說(shuō)話較快時(shí)進(jìn)行的，它是在說(shuō)話較快時(shí)自然產(chǎn)生的一種語(yǔ)音連讀現(xiàn)象。自然產(chǎn)生的一種語(yǔ)音連讀現(xiàn)象。 在同一意群中，在同一意群中，前一詞以輔音音素結(jié)尾，后一詞以前

12、一詞以輔音音素結(jié)尾，后一詞以元音音素開(kāi)頭元音音素開(kāi)頭，在說(shuō)話或朗讀句子時(shí)，習(xí)慣上很自，在說(shuō)話或朗讀句子時(shí)，習(xí)慣上很自然地將這兩個(gè)音素合拼在一起讀出來(lái)，這種語(yǔ)音現(xiàn)然地將這兩個(gè)音素合拼在一起讀出來(lái)，這種語(yǔ)音現(xiàn)象叫象叫連讀連讀。 連讀的條件：連讀的條件：相鄰的兩詞在意義上必須密切相關(guān)，相鄰的兩詞在意義上必須密切相關(guān)，同屬一個(gè)意群。同屬一個(gè)意群。.18如果相鄰兩詞中的前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞如果相鄰兩詞中的前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以元音開(kāi)頭，這就要將輔音與元音拼起來(lái)連讀。是以元音開(kāi)頭，這就要將輔音與元音拼起來(lái)連讀。 come out look at take it off beat it

13、 drop in put on bend over keep on an orange read it one of us half an hour stand up put it on not at all first of all a cup of tea take it easy back in a minute in an hour pick it up an hour and a half let him in A group of people put on their coats and went out. .19i. i. 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音中的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音中的/j/j/和和/w/w/是半元

14、音，如果前一個(gè)詞是是半元音，如果前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以半元音，特別是以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以半元音，特別是/j/j/開(kāi)頭，開(kāi)頭，此時(shí)也要連讀。此時(shí)也要連讀。 Thankyou. Thankyou. ii. ii. 音的同化也是一種連讀的現(xiàn)象，兩個(gè)詞之間非常音的同化也是一種連讀的現(xiàn)象，兩個(gè)詞之間非常平滑的過(guò)渡，導(dǎo)致一個(gè)音受臨音影響而變化。平滑的過(guò)渡，導(dǎo)致一個(gè)音受臨音影響而變化。 t d s z+ j t d s z+ j 要發(fā)生音變。要發(fā)生音變。.20輔音輔音tt與與j j相鄰時(shí)，被同化為相鄰時(shí)，被同化為tt：t + j t Nice to meetyou. Cantyou do i

15、t?Ill letyou know.Is thatyour car?No, notyet.21輔音輔音dd與與j j相鄰時(shí)，被同化為相鄰時(shí)，被同化為dd：d + j dDidyou get there lateagain? Wouldyou likea cupof tea？ Couldyou help me, please? .22輔音輔音ss與與j j相鄰時(shí)相鄰時(shí), , 被同化為被同化為：s + j God blessyou.Canyou dressyourself?I missyou.23輔音輔音z與與j相鄰時(shí)相鄰時(shí), 被同化為被同化為：z + j How wasyour vacation

16、?He saysyoure good.24如果前一個(gè)詞以元音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞以元音開(kāi)頭，這如果前一個(gè)詞以元音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞以元音開(kāi)頭，這兩個(gè)音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。兩個(gè)音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。 DoI?Youre ju sohonest.Iam Chinese. Heis very friendly to me. She wants to studyEnglish. Howand why did you come here? She cant carryit. Itll take you threehours to walk there. The question is

17、tooeasy for him to answer. .25爆破音爆破音/p/p/，/b/b/，/t/t/，/d/d/，/k/k/，/g/ /g/ 和摩擦音和摩擦音/f/f/，/v/v/，/W/,/W/,其中任意其中任意2 2個(gè)相臨時(shí)，前一個(gè)音會(huì)輕音化，即由相關(guān)的發(fā)音器官個(gè)相臨時(shí)，前一個(gè)音會(huì)輕音化，即由相關(guān)的發(fā)音器官做好這個(gè)發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)，稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面的音。做好這個(gè)發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)，稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面的音。 如果這些音如果這些音在詞尾，也要輕音化。在詞尾，也要輕音化。Si(t) downcontac(t) lensDa(d) told) megoo(d) nightThe girl in the

18、re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now. The bi(g) bus from the fa(c)tory is full of people. Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. .26如果前詞尾輔音與后詞尾輔音相同，前輔如果前詞尾輔音與后詞尾輔音相同，前輔音省略。音省略。I was so happy.I have got to go. I

19、 have gotta go.(to輕音化為輕音化為ta)Doyou want to dance? do you wanna dance? (to輕音化為輕音化為na).27以輔音結(jié)尾的單詞以輔音結(jié)尾的單詞 + h+ h開(kāi)頭的單詞，開(kāi)頭的單詞，h h不發(fā)不發(fā)音，與前面的輔音連讀。音，與前面的輔音連讀。Tellher I missher.What wil(l he) wilido?Ha(s he) zi doneit before?Mus(t he) ti go?Can he ni do it?Should he di .?Tell him to ask her.Lea(ve him) vim.

20、28如果前一個(gè)詞是以如果前一個(gè)詞是以-r -r或或-re-re結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以元音開(kāi)結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以元音開(kāi)頭，這時(shí)的頭，這時(shí)的r r 或或re re不但要發(fā)不但要發(fā)/r/,/r/,而且還要與后面的元音而且還要與后面的元音拼起來(lái)連讀。拼起來(lái)連讀。far away after all for ever a pair of our own there is for example After all, this is our own home.There is a football under it.There are some books on the desk.Here is a lette

21、r for you.Here are four eggs.29如果一個(gè)音節(jié)的前后都有字母如果一個(gè)音節(jié)的前后都有字母r r，即使后面的，即使后面的詞以元音開(kāi)頭，也不能連讀。詞以元音開(kāi)頭，也不能連讀。 The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer與與and不可連讀）不可連讀） .30當(dāng)短語(yǔ)或從句之間按意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí)，意群與意當(dāng)短語(yǔ)或從句之間按意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí)，意群與意群之間即使有兩個(gè)相鄰的輔音與元音出現(xiàn)，也不群之間即使有兩個(gè)相鄰的輔音與元音出現(xiàn)，也不可連讀?？蛇B讀。 Isit ahat or a cat?（hat與與or之間不可以連讀）之

22、間不可以連讀） Thereisa good book in my desk. （book與與in之間不可以連讀）之間不可以連讀） Can you speakEnglish or French? （English與與or之間不可以連讀）之間不可以連讀）Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning? （meet與與 at，eight與與or之間不可以連讀）之間不可以連讀） She opened the door and walkedin. （door與與and之間不可以連讀）之間不可以連讀）.31 a block_of flats the corner

23、_of the street a tin_of peas the top_of the mountain a piece_of cake in_a foreign country a glass_of water an_instant success a cup_of tea such_a short time nice clear_air send_it by mail an_English girl wait_a moment a nice_idea a lot_of noise a visit to_India once_in_a while an_apology a waste_of

24、time made_up_of not_in the least in_America War_and Peace out_of date Out_of Africa wait_and see Death_on the Nile have_a rest The Wizard_of Oz Alice_in Wonderland times_up a mother_of three Cat_on a Hot Tin Roof.32Were going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday. What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck

25、) coffee?Its a very col(d) day, but its a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don(t) know. The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult. He needs

26、 a lot o(f) money.33.34 一個(gè)英文單詞如果由多個(gè)音節(jié)構(gòu)成，那么其中至一個(gè)英文單詞如果由多個(gè)音節(jié)構(gòu)成，那么其中至少有一個(gè)音節(jié)是重音；如果，音節(jié)足夠多的話，少有一個(gè)音節(jié)是重音；如果，音節(jié)足夠多的話，那么可能還有次重音以及一個(gè)以上的重音。那么可能還有次重音以及一個(gè)以上的重音。 同樣的道理，一個(gè)句子由多個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成，那么，同樣的道理，一個(gè)句子由多個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成，那么，其中總是有至少一個(gè)單詞被強(qiáng)讀，而相對(duì)來(lái)看，其中總是有至少一個(gè)單詞被強(qiáng)讀，而相對(duì)來(lái)看，其它的單詞會(huì)被弱讀。其它的單詞會(huì)被弱讀。.35弱讀的規(guī)則一般是：元音音節(jié)弱化成弱讀的規(guī)則一般是：元音音節(jié)弱化成 或或i i 。如下幾個(gè)單詞

27、：如下幾個(gè)單詞：at, of, the, to, as, than, and, or, his, a, at, of, the, to, as, than, and, or, his, a, an, but, been, for, her, we, be, shall, was, them, an, but, been, for, her, we, be, shall, was, them, 弱讀的弱讀的頻率達(dá)到頻率達(dá)到9090，其中，其中a, an, the, thana, an, the, than極少用強(qiáng)式。極少用強(qiáng)式。查字典會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些詞都至少有兩種讀音，如查字典會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些詞都至少有兩種

28、讀音，如for: for: 重重讀時(shí)讀時(shí)f f?: , : , 弱讀時(shí)弱讀時(shí) f f ；as as的強(qiáng)讀形式是的強(qiáng)讀形式是/ z/ / z/ ，弱，弱讀形式是讀形式是/ /z/z/。.36 大多大多助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、介詞、連詞助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞、代詞，、冠詞、代詞，都有兩種發(fā)音形式都有兩種發(fā)音形式：強(qiáng)讀式、弱讀式。：強(qiáng)讀式、弱讀式。 這些單詞往往都是單音節(jié)單詞。這些單詞往往都是單音節(jié)單詞。.371）弱讀形式和強(qiáng)讀形式各自的）弱讀形式和強(qiáng)讀形式各自的元音不同。元音不同。 2）弱讀音節(jié)中常常省略了某一）弱讀音節(jié)中常常省略了某一個(gè)音。個(gè)音。.38 如果一個(gè)單詞被強(qiáng)讀如果一個(gè)單詞被強(qiáng)讀 ，

29、那么這個(gè)單詞中的：，那么這個(gè)單詞中的： 長(zhǎng)元音會(huì)被讀的很清楚，并且顯得更長(zhǎng)一些；長(zhǎng)元音會(huì)被讀的很清楚，并且顯得更長(zhǎng)一些； 雙元音會(huì)被讀的很飽滿，并且顯得很有彈性；雙元音會(huì)被讀的很飽滿，并且顯得很有彈性； 落在重音上的短元音都會(huì)顯得更長(zhǎng)一些；落在重音上的短元音都會(huì)顯得更長(zhǎng)一些； 重音所在的音節(jié)可能帶著不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)（升調(diào)、降調(diào)、降重音所在的音節(jié)可能帶著不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)（升調(diào)、降調(diào)、降升調(diào)）升調(diào)） 如果一個(gè)單詞被弱讀，那么這個(gè)單詞中的：如果一個(gè)單詞被弱讀，那么這個(gè)單詞中的： 長(zhǎng)元音會(huì)變得短一些（幾乎與短元音的長(zhǎng)度相當(dāng)）；長(zhǎng)元音會(huì)變得短一些（幾乎與短元音的長(zhǎng)度相當(dāng)）； 重音音節(jié)會(huì)變得與非重音音階一樣輕；重音音

30、節(jié)會(huì)變得與非重音音階一樣輕； 很多元音都會(huì)發(fā)生變化，向很多元音都會(huì)發(fā)生變化，向/ / /靠攏；靠攏； 輕輔音輕輔音/s/s/、/t/t/、/k/k/、/f/f/之后的元音之后的元音/ / /可能會(huì)直接被可能會(huì)直接被省略掉省略掉 .391.大多數(shù)有弱讀形式的單詞中，元音都變成了大多數(shù)有弱讀形式的單詞中，元音都變成了/ /； at / t/ ; as /z/; had / hd/；must /mst/2有少數(shù)幾個(gè)單詞的弱讀形式變成了有少數(shù)幾個(gè)單詞的弱讀形式變成了i /； be /i/； been /bin/； me /mi/； the /i/3.有時(shí)，一些常用詞的弱讀形式中省略了一個(gè)元音。有時(shí)，一

31、些常用詞的弱讀形式中省略了一個(gè)元音。 am /m/； has/z/； have /v/； is / z /4. 有時(shí)，一些常用的弱讀形式中省略了一個(gè)輔音。有時(shí)，一些常用的弱讀形式中省略了一個(gè)輔音。 and / n/； have / v/； would /d/； her /:/.40要在連貫說(shuō)話中應(yīng)用弱讀形式，不是要在連貫說(shuō)話中應(yīng)用弱讀形式，不是懂得了道理就能學(xué)會(huì)的，也不是一朝懂得了道理就能學(xué)會(huì)的，也不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，需要通過(guò)大量的模一夕就能掌握的，需要通過(guò)大量的模仿和練習(xí)才能學(xué)好。仿和練習(xí)才能學(xué)好。.41 1) to /t/ but /bt/ I want to come but I c

32、ant. 2) and /nd/ Hes rich and famous. 3) than /n/ /n/ Better than that. Hes older than she is. 4) but /bt/ She wants to sing but she cant. 5) such /st/ We have problems, such as pollution.42 6) some /sm/ There are some copies here. 7) any /ni/ There arent any more. 8) he /hi/ Does he want any? 9) he

33、r /h/ Ive met her mother. 10) him /im/ Tell him Id like to. 11) them /m/ /m/ I havent seen them yet.43 12) you /j/ What do you think? 13) your /j/ Take your time. 14) us /s/ Let us think it over. 15) that /t/ This is the house that Jack built. 16) at /t/ At least one. 17) for /f/ Its for you.44 18)

34、from /frm/ He comes from England. 19) of /v/ Id love a cup of tea. 20) to /t/ You ought to go. 21) an /n/ Id like an apple. 22) the / /i/ Thats the one. 23) am /m/ Im going now.45 24) are / Where are you going? 25) is /z/ /s/ Hes here. My hat is here. 26) was /wz/ Was he there? 27) were /w/ We were

35、very pleased. 28) have /hv/, /v/, /v/ Theyve left. Have any been lost?.46 29) had /hd/, /d/ They had better hurry. 30) has /z/ What has he done? He has just arrived. 31) do /du/, /d/ Do you think so? 32) does /dz/ When does he leave? 33) can /kn/, /kn/ Can you hear me? 34) could /kd/ Could you do it

36、 now?.47 35) should /d/ How should I know? 36) there / There is nothing left. There are not enough. 37) shall /l, l/ How shall I do like that? 38) when /wn/ Her parents had been dead when she was a child. 39) will /l, l/ He will go back home tomorrow. 40) would /wd, d, d/ He would be happy if he had

37、 passed the exam.48.49失去爆破失去爆破不完全爆破不完全爆破.50 按發(fā)音方法可分為：按發(fā)音方法可分為： 爆破音：爆破音：p b t d k g 摩擦音：摩擦音：f v s z h 破擦音：破擦音：t ts dz tr dr 鼻音：鼻音：m n 舌側(cè)音：舌側(cè)音：l 卷舌音：卷舌音：r 半元音：半元音：w j.51 當(dāng)一個(gè)爆破音后面緊跟著另一個(gè)爆破當(dāng)一個(gè)爆破音后面緊跟著另一個(gè)爆破音時(shí)，前面的爆破音不發(fā)生爆破。方音時(shí)，前面的爆破音不發(fā)生爆破。方法是：對(duì)于前一個(gè)爆破音，只作發(fā)音法是：對(duì)于前一個(gè)爆破音，只作發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)，剛要發(fā)出時(shí)，立即發(fā)出第二的姿勢(shì)，剛要發(fā)出時(shí)，立即發(fā)出第二個(gè)爆破音

38、。這種現(xiàn)象叫做個(gè)爆破音。這種現(xiàn)象叫做失去爆破失去爆破。.52 爆破音爆破音 + + 爆破音爆破音 （爆破音：（爆破音：/p, b, t, d, k, g/p, b, t, d, k, g/） what time /wt taim/ goodbye /,gudbai/ bedtime /bedtaim/ big kite /big kait/ .53 kept blackboard notebook Goodbye My father kept working till midnight. Please write the answer on the blackboard. Write the

39、answer in your notebook. Id like to say goodbye to everyone. He has a bad cold today. You should take care of the children. Glad to meet you. .54 1. book-keeper 2. handbag 3. blackboard 4. September 5. sit down 6. used to 7. that time 8. a red car.55 9. He used to swim. 10. Are you used to the food

40、here? 11. I had a bad cold. 12. I bought a red handbag. 13. Tommy is a good book-keeper. 14. He likes to talk big. 15. I stop to select the black car pass. 16. I expect to join the football team.56 當(dāng)一個(gè)爆破音后面緊跟著一個(gè)摩擦音或破擦音時(shí)當(dāng)一個(gè)爆破音后面緊跟著一個(gè)摩擦音或破擦音時(shí)，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：對(duì)于前，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：對(duì)于前一個(gè)爆破音，作好發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)，剛發(fā)出時(shí)

41、，立即一個(gè)爆破音，作好發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)，剛發(fā)出時(shí)，立即過(guò)渡到第二個(gè)摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一個(gè)爆破過(guò)渡到第二個(gè)摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一個(gè)爆破音發(fā)出的聲音是非常輕微的，有時(shí)甚至聽(tīng)不出來(lái)音發(fā)出的聲音是非常輕微的，有時(shí)甚至聽(tīng)不出來(lái)。這種現(xiàn)象叫做。這種現(xiàn)象叫做不完全爆破。不完全爆破。.57 爆破音爆破音 + + 摩擦音或破擦音摩擦音或破擦音 （摩擦音：（摩擦音：/f, v, /f, v, ?, , , s, z, , , s, z, , , h/, h/） （破擦音：（破擦音：/ts, dz, tr, dr, t , d/ts, dz, tr, dr, t , d/ /） picture /pik t / b

42、ig jug /big d / good child /gud taild/ that joke /t duk/ .58 爆破音爆破音 + + 鼻輔音或舌邊音鼻輔音或舌邊音 （鼻輔音：（鼻輔音：/m, n, /m, n, /）（舌邊音：）（舌邊音：/l/l/） good morning /gud m:ni/ big nation /big nein/ mad man /md mn/ correct note /k rekt nut/ .59 Advance Success Picture Object A good job My best friend.60 I feel it Thursda

43、y He has a good job. Tom is my best friend. Have you got that? Have you heard from Mary? Im not feeling well! He arrived at school at nine!.61鼻腔爆破鼻腔爆破舌邊爆破舌邊爆破摩擦爆破摩擦爆破破擦爆破破擦爆破.62爆破音爆破音t dt d和鼻輔音和鼻輔音mm與與n n 相鄰，爆破音形成阻礙，發(fā)相鄰，爆破音形成阻礙，發(fā)生不完全爆破，在詞末必須通生不完全爆破，在詞末必須通過(guò)過(guò)鼻腔爆破鼻腔爆破。.63/tn/ writtenBritaincertainfrigh

44、tenwhitenesspartnerwitnessat nightstart now what next/dn/ hiddenburdenpardonwoodensadness kidneygood nightred nose bread knife.64/tm/ excitement atmosphere a bit more white mice eight men/dm/ admit sad music a good many broad minded.65 button, garden, midnight, Good morning, sir. Good night. a good

45、mother He often comes home at midnight. He has always been a good neighbor. Her goodness was apparent to everyone.66爆破音爆破音t d kt d k后面緊跟著的后面緊跟著的是舌側(cè)音是舌側(cè)音ll時(shí)，這種輔音組合時(shí)，這種輔音組合在語(yǔ)音學(xué)里叫做在語(yǔ)音學(xué)里叫做舌邊爆破舌邊爆破。.67/ tl / little battle settle cattle bottle/ dl / middlemuddlemodelneedle.68 Lately, badly, madly, recentl

46、y, quickly I have been very busy lately. I havent seen him lately. Have you been there lately? He slept badly. His foot was badly hurt. Ive been quite badly off recently. .69爆破音后緊跟著的是摩擦音爆破音后緊跟著的是摩擦音/f, /f, v, v, ?, , , s, z, , , s, z, , , h/, h/時(shí)，這種輔時(shí)，這種輔音組合在語(yǔ)音學(xué)里叫做音組合在語(yǔ)音學(xué)里叫做摩擦爆摩擦爆破破。.70 advance You

47、must pay in advance. Can I have an advance on my salary? What would your advice be in this case? What would you advise me to do. Keep that in mind. .71爆破音后面緊跟著的是破擦音爆破音后面緊跟著的是破擦音/ts, dz, tr, dr, t , d/ts, dz, tr, dr, t , d/ /時(shí)這種輔時(shí)這種輔音組合在語(yǔ)音學(xué)里叫做音組合在語(yǔ)音學(xué)里叫做破擦爆破擦爆破破。 .72 Picture, Object I had my picture t

48、aken yesterday. Do you know how do you draw a picture? You shouldnt treat women like objects. He stood up and objected in strong language.73pp: ripe pearpb: soap bubblept: cup tie 英國(guó)足球淘汰賽英國(guó)足球淘汰賽pd: deep downpk: pipe cleaner煙斗桿子煙斗桿子pg: lamp glass.74bp: rob Peterbb: rub brisklybt: obtainbd: cab driver

49、bk: Bob camebg: describe Greentp: wet paint.75tb: pocketbooktt:fast traintd: great dealtk: not cleantg: white goosedb: card board.76dt:good timedd: field daydk: red carddg: good girlkp: silk pursekb: ink bottle.77kt: actorkd: public dutykk: black catkg: park gategp: flag polegb: dog biscuit.78kg: pa

50、rk gategp: flag polegb: dog biscuitgt: rag timegd: dig down gk: eggcupgg: big girl .79 句子意群是指句子意群是指句子中按意思和語(yǔ)句子中按意思和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)劃分出的各個(gè)成分，每一法結(jié)構(gòu)劃分出的各個(gè)成分，每一個(gè)成分即稱(chēng)為一個(gè)意群個(gè)成分即稱(chēng)為一個(gè)意群。 意群可以用意群可以用“l(fā)”l”符號(hào)表示。符號(hào)表示。.80 在說(shuō)話和朗讀時(shí)，意群的作用是：如果感到在說(shuō)話和朗讀時(shí)，意群的作用是：如果感到句子很長(zhǎng)，一口氣說(shuō)不下來(lái)，可以在意群和意句子很長(zhǎng)，一口氣說(shuō)不下來(lái)，可以在意群和意群之間有一個(gè)很短的停頓（換氣）。正確的停群之間有一個(gè)很短

51、的停頓（換氣）。正確的停頓應(yīng)該在意群和意群之間。同一個(gè)意群內(nèi)不應(yīng)頓應(yīng)該在意群和意群之間。同一個(gè)意群內(nèi)不應(yīng)停頓。停頓。 意群之間的停頓不是固定的，而是靈活的。意群之間的停頓不是固定的，而是靈活的。可以按照個(gè)人的需要，可停頓也可不停頓，可可以按照個(gè)人的需要，可停頓也可不停頓，可多停頓也可少停頓。多停頓也可少停頓。.81 意群是根據(jù)語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)調(diào)來(lái)劃分的。意群是根據(jù)語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)調(diào)來(lái)劃分的。 從語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)法上講，意群必須是表達(dá)某種意從語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)法上講，意群必須是表達(dá)某種意義的一個(gè)（組）詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)、一個(gè)分句、義的一個(gè)（組）詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)、一個(gè)分句、一個(gè)主句或者從句。一個(gè)主句或者從句。 從語(yǔ)調(diào)上說(shuō)，意群必

52、須是可以用降調(diào)、聲調(diào)從語(yǔ)調(diào)上說(shuō)，意群必須是可以用降調(diào)、聲調(diào)或平調(diào)來(lái)朗讀的一個(gè)語(yǔ)調(diào)單位?；蚱秸{(diào)來(lái)朗讀的一個(gè)語(yǔ)調(diào)單位。 Before 1949, I used to live in Hong Kong and worked as a teacher. 三個(gè)意義單位，三個(gè)語(yǔ)法單位，三個(gè)語(yǔ)調(diào)單位。三個(gè)意義單位，三個(gè)語(yǔ)法單位，三個(gè)語(yǔ)調(diào)單位。.82 By the time he arrived / he was completely exhausted. When I leave Beijing / I will leave/ with very fond memories / of the city and its people / and with an increased knowledge of China.83 Reading aloud / is very imp