（推薦）初高中常見(jiàn)的英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)

1、1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 用動(dòng)詞原形2 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)3 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) be + ving4 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were + ving 5 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will + 動(dòng)詞原形 或 be going to +動(dòng)詞原形6 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) would + 動(dòng)詞原形 或 was/were going to +動(dòng)詞原形7 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has + v過(guò)去分詞 8 過(guò)去完成時(shí) had + v過(guò)去分詞 9 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) have/has been + ving10 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) had been + ving11 一般將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) will be + ving12 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) would be +

2、 ving13 將來(lái)完成時(shí) will have + v過(guò)去分詞14 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí) would have + v過(guò)去分詞 15 將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí) will have been + ving16 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí) would have been + vingIf you dont _take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret(后悔) later in the day. if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)In England, you can also have summer in winter, _and

3、0; have winter in summer.分析前后兩分句，它們之間僅是并列關(guān)系The weather gets a little_ cold只有a little可以用來(lái)修飾形容詞few; a few,因?yàn)樗鼈冃揎椏蓴?shù)名詞There are few students in the classroom after class.否定，沒(méi)有幾個(gè)學(xué)生a great deal of =much只修飾不可數(shù)名詞you can experience(經(jīng)歷) four seasons in _one_ day. one表示“不定的、隨意的”     &#

4、160;      一般過(guò)去時(shí)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句An accident happened to little Tom when he was riding in the street.  一般過(guò)去時(shí)Sarry's father went fishing last weekend.  現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Michael and his wife are watching an exciting TV program.Many young people are thinking about buying

5、private cars.   Shirley is speaking to Simon about saving the earth.    Tom and Jack are flying kites happily in the parkThe blind man is trying to cross the road. Let' go and help him.  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Jack has got a cold and is making a phone call to his docto

6、r in the bed.                     一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Students clean their classroom after school every day.Peter, time for breakfast. We have eggs, cakes and milk today.Little Mary has to play the violin for t

7、wo hours every day.  條件從句If you don't know the word, why not look it up in the dictionary?          It 結(jié)構(gòu)It's my first time to take a trip by ship.     祈使句Mike, time for bed. Turn off the TV.  系表結(jié)構(gòu)

8、Children are happy to see the heavy snow.  現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Look, the students are planting trees.       情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(否定)Tony, you mustn't drive so fast. It's too dangerous. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)  1. “I _forget_ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I _forgot&#

9、160;  _ to bring my phone book.”【分析】仔細(xì)體會(huì)一下對(duì)話的語(yǔ)境：第一個(gè)人說(shuō)“我忘記他的電話號(hào)碼了”，這個(gè)“忘記”應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在的情況，即現(xiàn)在忘記了，要不然就沒(méi)有必要同對(duì)方說(shuō)此話了，故第一空應(yīng)填 forget；第二個(gè)人說(shuō)“我有他的號(hào)碼，但我忘記帶電話本了”，這個(gè)“忘記”應(yīng)該是過(guò)去的情況，即過(guò)去忘記帶電話本，所以現(xiàn)在電話本不在身上（注意句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but），故第二空應(yīng)填 forgot，    Oh, I _forget_ where he lives.    Dont you carry

10、 your address book？    No, I _forgot _ to bring it.一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)       2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _ was     too busy.      【分析】前一句謂語(yǔ)用had hoped，表示的是過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或打算，可以譯為“本想”，而后一句說(shuō)“我太忙”，這是陳述過(guò)去的

11、一個(gè)事實(shí)，所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。    （1） We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _found  _ it was gone.    （2） We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _didnt  _.    （3） We had wanted to come to see him, but we _ had  _ no t

12、ime.  （4） I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone _ called_ and I couldnt get away.    （5） The traffic accident wouldnt have happened yesterday, but the driver _was_ really careless.    3. Dear me！ Just _look,_ at the time！ I _had_

13、no idea it was so late.       【分析】第一空應(yīng)填 look, 因?yàn)檫@是祈使句的謂語(yǔ)；第二空應(yīng)填 had，因?yàn)榍耙痪湔f(shuō)“看看時(shí)間吧”，這一看當(dāng)然知道了現(xiàn)在很遲的情形，“不知道這么遲了”顯然應(yīng)是“過(guò)去”的事，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，    4. “Your phone number again？ I _ didnt _ quite catch it.” “Its 4331577”    【分析】根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境“請(qǐng)把你的電話號(hào)碼再說(shuō)一遍好嗎？”可知“沒(méi)聽(tīng)清

14、對(duì)方的電話號(hào)碼”應(yīng)是在說(shuō)此話以前，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。    （1） “Mr Smith isnt coming tonight.” “ But he _promised_.”    他答應(yīng)（要來(lái)）”應(yīng)發(fā)生在過(guò)去。    （2） “Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, Im terribly sorry. _I wasnt noticing_.”  我沒(méi)注意”是對(duì)方提醒之前的事，現(xiàn)經(jīng)對(duì)方一提醒，當(dāng)然注意到了。    （3

15、） “Oh its you！ I _didnt recognize _ you.” “Ive had my hair cut.”沒(méi)認(rèn)出是你”是說(shuō)此話之前的事，說(shuō)此話時(shí)顯然已經(jīng)認(rèn)出了對(duì)方。    （4） “Whats her new telephone number？” “Oh, I _forget _.”從語(yǔ)境上看，“忘記”的時(shí)間應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在，即指現(xiàn)在不記得了。    （5） “Since youve agreed to go, why arent you getting ready？” “But I _didnt r

16、ealize_ that you would have me start at once.”  沒(méi)意識(shí)到是對(duì)方提醒之前的事。    （6） “Its twelve oclock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really？ I _didnt realize_ it at all.”“沒(méi)意識(shí)到”是在聽(tīng)到的話之前的事。 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)5. Mr Smith _was writing_ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finis

17、hed it. 這是由 but I dont know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語(yǔ)境決定的，全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫(xiě)一本書(shū)，但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫(xiě)完了”。wrote，句子前半部分的意思則變?yōu)椤笆访芩瓜壬ツ陮?xiě)了一本書(shū)”，既然是“寫(xiě)了”，那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫(xiě)完了”相矛盾。    6. He has changed a lot. He _is_ not what he _was   _.    上文說(shuō)“他”變化很大，即“他”現(xiàn)在不是過(guò)去的

18、那個(gè)樣子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其實(shí)第二空也可用 used to be）。 “What place is it？” “Havent you found out we _ are_ back where we _were_？”    We are back where we were 的意思是“我們（現(xiàn)在）又回到剛才來(lái)過(guò)的地方”。    7. He is very busy. I dont know if he _will come  _ or not tomorrow.  

19、;  【分析】句中if引導(dǎo)的不是條件狀語(yǔ)從句（即if如果），而是賓語(yǔ)從句（即if是否），句意為“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否會(huì)來(lái)。”    （1） I dont know if she _will come_, but if she _comes_ I will let you know.第一個(gè) if 引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè) if 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 （2） “When _will_ he come？” “I dont know, but when he _comes_, Ill tell you.”  第一個(gè) when 疑問(wèn)副詞

20、，用于引出一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句；第二個(gè) when是從屬連詞，用于引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。    （3） “When he _will come_ is not known yet.” “But when he _comes_, he will be warmly welcomed.” 第一個(gè) when 引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè) when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。    8. The bridge, which _dates from         &

21、#160; _ 1688, needs repairing.        【分析】因?yàn)?date from 的意思是“自某時(shí)起存在至今”（have existed since），它通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（盡管其后接的總是表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間）。如：    The church dates from 1176. 這座教堂是六世紀(jì)建的。    The castle dates from the 14th century. 這座城堡是14世紀(jì)建的。 &#

22、160;  但若所談?wù)摰臇|西現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在，則可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：    The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago.  那座教堂是13世紀(jì)建成的，兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。    注：與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類似用法。一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)    9. “Youve left the light on.” “Oh, s

23、o I have. _Ill go    _ and turn it off.”因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，“我去把燈關(guān)掉”這一行為是說(shuō)話人聽(tīng)了對(duì)方的話后臨時(shí)想到的，而不是事先準(zhǔn)備的。而按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣：will 和 be going to后接動(dòng)詞原形均可表示意圖，但意圖有強(qiáng)弱之分，如果是事先考慮過(guò)的意圖，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考慮過(guò)的，而是說(shuō)話時(shí)刻才臨時(shí)想到的意圖，則用 will.   will的用法  “Ive come out without any money.” “Never mind, I

24、will lend you some.” “我出來(lái)沒(méi)帶錢(qián)?！薄皼](méi)關(guān)系，我借給你。”（句中用will lend，表示“借”錢(qián)給對(duì)方是臨時(shí)想到的，即聽(tīng)了對(duì)方的話后臨時(shí)作出的反應(yīng)） be going to do的用法Ive bought a typewriter and Im going to learn to type. 我買(mǎi)了臺(tái)打字機(jī)，我想學(xué)打字。（句中用 be going to learn to type，表示說(shuō)話人要學(xué)打字是事先準(zhǔn)備的，并為此買(mǎi)了臺(tái)打字機(jī)）      語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)定義：英語(yǔ)中表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式稱為語(yǔ)態(tài)。英

25、語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主動(dòng)) English is taught in our school .（被動(dòng)）2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：助動(dòng)詞Be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（be +p.p.），be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。時(shí) 態(tài)        謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式             

26、;              例子一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am / is / are + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞        Colour TVs are made in the factory .一般過(guò)去時(shí) Was / were +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞            My hometown was

27、 liberated in 1949 .一般將來(lái)時(shí) Shall / will + be +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞        The film will be shown again .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) Am / is / are + being +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞    The walls are being painted .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) Was / were +being動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞       The tickets were being well

28、 sold then .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Has / have + been + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞     A new road has been built here .過(guò)去完成時(shí) Had + been +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞         Much had been done before mother came back含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 The composition must be handed in today .3 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中值得注意的問(wèn)題：1 帶

29、有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，可以把任何一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)，一般在間接賓語(yǔ)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。My father gave me a book . I was given a book by my father .A book was given to me by my father .2 英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The cloth washes well . This kind of bags sells well.  The shoes wear long. The knife cuts well . The pen writes smoothly . Th

30、is coat lasts long .3 在英語(yǔ)中有時(shí)“be + V-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The mountains were covered with snow .4 在“主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，要補(bǔ)留賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。We found the door broken. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)The door was found broken.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)5 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為省to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，要還原to。He made me laugh.  I was made to laugh .6 如果短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但不能遺漏所含的介詞或副詞。Th

31、e nurse looked after the baby . The baby was looked after by the nurse . We must make up for the lessons we missed. The lessons we missed must be made up for .7 下列情況不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：A 不及物動(dòng)詞： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .B 連系動(dòng)詞： The girl looks like her sister .C 賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞：He always

32、dresses himself neatly .英音：'ni:tli整潔地,干凈地D 賓語(yǔ)為相互代詞：The students often help each other .E 同源賓語(yǔ)：At that time, they lived a happy life .F 表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞：I have a new car.                      &#

33、160;                    The book costs me 30 yuan .（十二）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 should / would + 動(dòng)詞原形was / were going to 動(dòng)詞原形was / were to + 動(dòng)詞原形was / were about to + 動(dòng)詞原形was / were + 動(dòng)詞ing 通常在賓語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)，主

34、句為過(guò)去時(shí)He said (that) he would go to Maoming the next day .She told me (that) she was moving to France in two days . 句子*句子的成分1定義：組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分，即：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主體部分。表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)都是謂語(yǔ)里的組成部分。主 語(yǔ)： 表示句子所說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。 Lucy is an American girl .We study in No.1 M

35、iddle School .謂 語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞）用動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致 We love China . / She is singing .Mike hopes to be a doctor . / His parents are farmers .表 語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 Her aunt is a driver . / Are you ready ?We were at home last night .賓 語(yǔ)：表示動(dòng)

36、詞、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)，和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。 He often helps me . / We study English at school.Did you see him yesterday ?定 語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。作定語(yǔ)的除形容詞外，還有代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等。 The black bike is mine. / Whats your name, please ?We have four lessons in the morning ?狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式

37、、程度等意義，通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等來(lái)表示。 People are all working hard.     / It is very nice.  We had a meeting this afternoon .賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。這類詞有：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let等。 He made me very angry.    

38、    I find him a good boy .*句子的種類1英語(yǔ)中按使用目的或功用分為四類：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句。A陳述句。1 陳述句說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一個(gè)人的看法。陳述句分為肯定陳述句和否定陳述句兩種。a陳述句的肯定式。I have already posted the photos. / They are students. / I must go now . / He was reading a book at 8:00 last night.b陳述句的否定形式。（1）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞be, 助動(dòng)詞have, will, shal

39、l, be或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只須在其后面加not構(gòu)成否定句。She isnt a student . / He hasnt been to the Great Wall . / I can not swim . / You will not go there tomorrow. / They arent sleeping .（2）若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加上do not，第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)用does not，過(guò)去時(shí)用did not。   He didnt send me an invitation .（3）由具有否定含義的詞never, nobody, har

40、dly, little, dislike, seldom, few, tooto等構(gòu)成的否定句。Not all the books in our school library can be renewed .B. 疑問(wèn)句。1 疑問(wèn)句提出問(wèn)題。英語(yǔ)中有四種疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。a一般疑問(wèn)句：以一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞be或have開(kāi)始，語(yǔ)調(diào)為升調(diào)，通常要求以yes或no回答的疑問(wèn)句。（1）一般疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Be動(dòng)詞(is, am, are, was, were)+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)？Have動(dòng)詞(表示“有”：have, has, had)+主語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(c

41、an, may, must等)+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞或be?助動(dòng)詞(do, does, did)+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞？助動(dòng)詞(shall, will, have, has)+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞？（2）否定形式的疑問(wèn)句，通常把助動(dòng)詞與not縮寫(xiě)，放在句首。構(gòu)成回答：Arent you a student? Yes, I am .(不，我是) No, I am not .(對(duì)，我不是)b特殊疑問(wèn)句：以疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, whom, whose, which或疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, why, how開(kāi)頭（1）如果疑問(wèn)詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或其修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其語(yǔ)序如陳述句。Who is on duty t

42、oday ? / Which book is yours .（2）如果疑問(wèn)詞在句中不作主語(yǔ)或其修飾主語(yǔ)，用“疑問(wèn)詞一般疑問(wèn)句”形式。Where have you been ?c選擇疑問(wèn)句：提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，供回答者選擇，并由or連用，但不能用Yes或no 來(lái)回答（1）疑問(wèn)句選擇成分1or選擇成分2？Do you want coffee or cocoa ? / Are you an Englishman or an American ?（2）特殊問(wèn)句選擇答案1or選擇答案2？who runs fast, Tom , Mary or Li lei .時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成表（以play為例） 

43、;一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在 playisplayinghasplayedhasbeen playingplaysamhavehave過(guò)去 played wasplayinghad played had been playing were將來(lái) shallplayshallbe playingshallhave playedshallhave been playingwillwillwillwill          

44、60; 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+be not +其他 疑問(wèn)句 Be+主語(yǔ)+其他 或: 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 ( 第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要加"s" ) 否定句 主語(yǔ)+don't+動(dòng)詞原型+其他(第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)don't改為doesn't) 疑問(wèn)句 DO+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他(第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)do改為doess) 關(guān)鍵詞: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday afternoon,

45、at 10 o'clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等. 注:在時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)從句,條件壯語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí),這時(shí)一般從 句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句用將來(lái)時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+be not+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Be +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:now, right now, at the moment, It's+幾點(diǎn)鐘等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示語(yǔ). 一般將來(lái)時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu)

46、: 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+will+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+will not +動(dòng)詞原型+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Will +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 (will 可改為be going to ,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)will可用shall) 關(guān)鍵詞:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year, at ten o'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, i

47、n a few days' time, in the future 等. 一般過(guò)去時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be(was,were)+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+be not+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Be+主語(yǔ)+其他 或: 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+did not+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term, 一段時(shí)間+ago如:ten years ago, five hours ago, on January

48、 1st,2004, in the 1980s等. Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+was/were not +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Was/Were + 主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:具體時(shí)間+過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ) 如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at this time last Sunday等. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其

49、他(第三人稱單數(shù)用has) 否定句 主語(yǔ)+have/has not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段時(shí)間,since+過(guò)去的 時(shí)間或過(guò)去時(shí)從句.或this year alone"今年以來(lái)",these five years alone"這五年 以來(lái)",in the last ten years "在過(guò)去的十年中"等. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+ would+ 動(dòng)詞原型

50、+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+ would not + 動(dòng)詞原型+ 其他 疑問(wèn)句 Would+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 (would可改為was/were going to ,主語(yǔ)第一人稱時(shí)would可用should) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主要用在賓語(yǔ)從句中. 過(guò)去完成時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+had not +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Had+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他 a關(guān)鍵詞:by+過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn) 如:by last year, by the end of+過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn) 如: by the end of last year, before+過(guò)去某一時(shí)

51、間點(diǎn),by the time +從句,或賓語(yǔ)從 句中. 最后,請(qǐng)記住: It's not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of thing, I'm sure it will be all right. 這不是世界末日,試著往事情好的方面看,我確認(rèn)一切都會(huì)好起來(lái).時(shí)態(tài)講解 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用于： 1 、表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 e.g. It seldom snows here. 2 、表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。 e.g. He is always ready to help others. 3 、普遍真理

52、。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words. 4 、劇情圖片介紹，背景說(shuō)明，動(dòng)作解說(shuō)。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table) Doctor ： What's your trouble, young man? Tom ： I've caught a cold, doctor. 5 、時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式狀語(yǔ)從句表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)。 e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains. 與這種時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常有： alway

53、s, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。 二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要用于： 1 、表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況（包括習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)） e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days. 2 、談到過(guò)去的情況時(shí) e.g. I didn't know you were so busy. 3 、談到已死人的情況時(shí) e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter. 與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常

54、有： yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的時(shí)間。 三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要用于： 1 、表示到現(xiàn)在為止這一時(shí)期中發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，即多次動(dòng)作的總和。 e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel? For many days we haven't seen

55、 each other. 2 、表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的某一已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 e.g. The delegation has left 代表團(tuán)已經(jīng)走了（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在不在這里） Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。 與這一時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短語(yǔ)，連詞 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：重在說(shuō)明動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生時(shí)的具體情況（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、對(duì)象

56、、細(xì)節(jié)等）。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：只提起已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（事實(shí)）及其影響，不說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的具體情況。 cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch? I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father. 注：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的動(dòng)作常具有反復(fù)性，故下面一句是錯(cuò)的： Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 應(yīng)改為： Did you see the six thirty's

57、 news program? 四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于：表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，以至延伸到將來(lái)，它強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間之長(zhǎng)久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在寫(xiě)一篇文章。（還在寫(xiě)） cf. I've written an article. 我寫(xiě)了一篇文章。（已寫(xiě)完） It has been raining these days. 這些天一直在下雨。 五、過(guò)去完成時(shí) 1 、過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，只有在兩個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才可顯示出來(lái)。 e.g. As soon as we got to the s

58、tation, the train had left. 注：主從句表達(dá)的動(dòng)作緊接時(shí)，即兩動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間沒(méi)有明顯時(shí)間上的懸殊或空檔時(shí)，主從句都可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army? 2 、過(guò)去完成時(shí)可表示截止過(guò)去某一時(shí)間動(dòng)作的總或動(dòng)作的結(jié)束。 e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework. 與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常有： by

59、1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)間。 （六）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于： 1 、表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days? 2 、代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而含有某種感情色彩。 e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺(jué)怎

60、樣？（顯得親切） He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功課很好。（贊揚(yáng)） You are always boasting. 你老愛(ài)吹牛。（厭煩） 3 、動(dòng)詞 go, come, leave, arrive 等表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai. 與這種時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常有： now, these days, recently, this week 等。 七、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于： 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA

61、unit. 那時(shí)她在解放軍某部工作。 What were you doing this time yesterday? 與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用： at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。 用 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示主句的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)間。 e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 注： 1 、 while 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句敘述過(guò)去的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 e.g. I read a magazine while I

62、was waiting for the bus. 2 、 when 用作并列連詞，意為“這時(shí)”，連接兩分句時(shí)，第一句多用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始或完成的動(dòng)作。 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 試區(qū)別下面兩句： We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們?cè)谛藿ㄒ蛔畮?kù)。（可能尚未建成） We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們修建了一座水庫(kù)。

63、（已經(jīng)建成） 八、一般將來(lái)時(shí)主要用于： 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況 e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own. 與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用： tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。 一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)與其它結(jié)構(gòu)表將來(lái)情況的區(qū)別： 一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) ：主要從時(shí)間的角度表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。 be going to 結(jié)構(gòu) ：表（主觀上）打算或準(zhǔn)備做某事時(shí)。 表有發(fā)生某事的預(yù)兆時(shí)。 e.g. They are going to have a competitio