最新高考英語閱讀理解專題練習及答案50

1、最新高考英語閱讀理解專題練習及答案50一、高中英語閱讀理解1 . (2019?浙江)閱讀理解California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square

2、miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern Califor

3、nia the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with sma

4、ll trees that compete with big trees for resources (資源)But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutti

5、ng or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such thing

6、s as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪)Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water suppl

7、y available to trees during the dry season.(1) What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B. The increasing variety of California big trees.C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.(

8、2) Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A. Ecological studies of forests.B. Banning woodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.(3) What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?A. Inadequate snowmelt.B. A longer dry sea

9、son.C. A warmer climate.D. Dampness of the air.(4) What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Californias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More B

10、ig Trees in California【答案】（ 1 ） A（ 2） D（ 3） C（ 4） A【解析】【分析】本文屬于議論文，圍繞加利福尼亞的大樹從20 世紀 30 年代以來大量減少為主題，探討出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因。（ 1 ）段落大意題。第二段第一句The number of trees larger than two feet across has declinedby 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests 為主題句，意思是：在4.6 萬平方英里的加利福尼亞的森林中，直徑超過2 英尺的樹木的

11、數(shù)量已經(jīng)減少了50%。所以本段主要介紹加州的樹木損失的嚴重情況，故答案為A。（ 2）細節(jié)理解題。題干中的well-intentioned 意為 “好意的 ”。根據(jù)第三段描述：伐木者對大樹的砍伐、住房向森林里推進、對野火的控制使得小樹與大樹競爭資源都是導致大樹減少的原因?？刂埔盎鸬某踔允潜Ｗo森林，但是卻導致大樹得不到足夠的資源而死亡。故答案為D。（ 3）細節(jié)理解題。將 water shortage 定位在第五段，而Mclntyre 在最后一段，根據(jù)thebiggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising te

12、mperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air 可知，導致水源緊張的是上升的溫度，造成樹木將更多的水分散失到空氣中。故答案為C。（ 4）主旨大意題。文章的第一句是本文的主題句，文章圍繞加利福尼亞大量的大樹死亡展開，對大樹數(shù)量減少的原因進行研究。故答案為A?！军c評】本文屬于生態(tài)環(huán)保類文章，文章的首段第一句即為本文的主題句。閱讀是緊扣主旨，快速瀏覽文章內(nèi)容。答題時注意根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵詞在文章中定位，然后分析關(guān)鍵詞所在句子的信息。2 閱讀理解Triple Olympic and world sprint（ 短跑 ） champi

13、on Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football.Appearing on ESPN programs and in light-hearted races outside the television sport networks studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skep

14、tical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals（誹謗）.I have to prove myself to the world that you can run fast without it, Bolt said.Bolt cited the speeds he and countryman Asafa Powell and American Tyson Gay have achieved without positive doping tests.We just (have to) continue to run fast, B

15、olt said. In a couple of years everyone will continue to watch again and have less doubts.Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last years Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay

16、title in a World Championships treble.I want to be a legend in the sport. For me its all a focus on winning championships after championships, Bolt said.I dont consider myself a legend. When I defend my titles I will consider myself a legend.Bolts defending of World and Olympic gold should be the fe

17、ature attraction of the 2011 IAAF World Championships in Daegu, South Korea, and the 2012 London Olympics.(1) Why does Usain Bolt say that he has no plans to play American football?A. Because he wants to ease doping doubts in athletics.B. Because he wants to show his fast feats.C. Because he is doub

18、ted by some people. D. Because he runs fastest in the world.(2) How many times did Usain Bolt break the world records?A. three times.B. four times.C. five times.D. eight times.(3) What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Usain Bolt plans years of fast feats to ease doping doubts.B. Usain Bolt is doub

19、ted for his athletics.C. Usain Bolt set world records again in Berlin last month.D. Usain Bolt wants to a legend in the sport.(4) The passage can be read.A. on TVB. on the InternetC. in a bookD. in a newspaper.【答案】(1) AC(3) B(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，本周一，來自牙買加的兩屆奧運會和世界短跑冠軍博爾特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通過多年的快速成績

20、來緩解運動員服用興奮劑的疑慮。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的TripleOlympic and world sprint (短跑) championUsain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. 本周一，來自牙買加的兩屆奧運會和世界 短跑冠軍博爾特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通過多年的快速成績來緩解運動員服用興奮劑的 疑慮，而且他沒有踢美式

21、足球的計劃)可推知，因為人們對田徑運動中興奮劑的疑慮，他 想平息這種疑慮，證明沒有興奮劑也可以，所以選擇繼續(xù)跑步，沒有踢美式足球的計劃。故選Ao(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段中的Boltwon gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay inworld record times at last years Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay tit

22、le in a World Championships treble.在去年的北京奧運會上，博爾特獲得了 100米、200米和4x100接力的金牌，打破了世界紀錄，上個月在柏林，他以100 米 9.58 秒和 200 米 19.19 秒的成績打破了世界紀錄，并幫助他在接力賽上奪取了世界錦標賽的三冠王，可知，博爾特在北京奧運會上打破了 3 次世界紀錄，在柏林打破了2 次世界紀錄，總共打破過5 次世界紀錄。故選C。（ 3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“ Appearing on ESPN programs and in ligh-thearted racesoutside the televisi

23、on sport networks studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals （誹謗）.博爾特出現(xiàn)在 ESPN 的節(jié) 目中，并在電視體育網(wǎng)絡(luò)的演播室外參加輕松愉快的比賽，他說，在過去的興奮劑丑聞之后，他覺得自己必須向持懷疑態(tài)度的體育界證明自己，及下文博爾特所說的話可知，本文介紹了尤塞恩 博爾特的田徑運動受到了人們的質(zhì)疑。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的TripleOlympic and world s

24、print （短跑） championUsain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. 本周一，來自牙買加的兩屆奧運會和世界”短跑冠軍博爾特（Usain Bolt）表示，他希望通過多年的快速成績來緩解運動員服用興奮劑的疑慮，而且他沒有踢美式足球的計劃，可推知，本篇文章極可能來自報紙。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，

25、是一篇新聞報道，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推 理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3 閱讀理解The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as Americans first president from 1789 to 1797. President Washington has been called the Father of his country.The third president of the United States, Thomas Je

26、fferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of the Declaration of independence in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nations Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor.Another of Americans greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is

27、 on the five-dollar bill. He servedas the sixteenth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery.The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president. But he was the first Secretary

28、of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher.Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill.Another president is on the fifty-d

29、ollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 1869 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces.So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Frankli

30、n was never elected president, but was one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civil activist, and diplomat.These American statesmen are on the front of the bills. The backs of the notes show images from n

31、ations history or famous places. They are in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the TreasuryBuilding, the White House, the Capitol Building and independence Hall.(1) The design of the bills shows that Americ

32、ans values their peoples.A. talents in many waysB. success in their careersC. inventions in new fieldsD. contributions to the country(2) For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nations.A. economy and powerB. independence and democracyC. wealth and successD. faith and gl

33、ory(3) Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Men on the MoneyB. the Design of US BillsC. History on the MoneyD. the Story of US Bills【答案】(1) DB3 3) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了各種面值的美元紙幣上偉大人物，以及他們 對國家所做出的貢獻。(1)考查推理判斷。文章在描述每一種面值的紙幣上的人物時，都著重描寫他們對國家的作用與影響， George Washington是第一任總統(tǒng)， Thom

34、as Jefferson獨立宣言的主要起草 者，Abraham Lincoln結(jié)束內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，廢除奴隸制， Alexander Hamilton第一個財政部長和開國元 勛之一，Andrew Jackson支持大眾民主和個人自由， Benjamin Franklin開國元勛之一，從而 可判斷美國人民看重的是偉人對這個國家做出的貢獻。故選Do(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的PresidentWashington has been called the Fatheofhis country. 第二段中的Jeffersowas one of the most influential of the nati

35、ons FoundingFathers.及下文對美元上其他人物的介紹可知，文章中提到的這些歷史上著名的人物，無 論是獨立戰(zhàn)爭，美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，還是獨立宣言的起草與簽署都反映出他們?yōu)闋幦业莫毩⑴c 民主所做出的努力與犧牲。故選Bo(3)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的The picture of George Washington is on the one -dollarbill.第二段中的 The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill.及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各

36、種面值的美元紙幣上偉大人物，以及他 們對國家所做出的貢獻。故選Ao【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需 要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4 .閱讀理解China Small Group ToursTour Route 1:11 Days Private Beijing - Lhasa - Xian - ShanghaiTour Highlights:Must-see sights in China the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta WarriorsFollow u

37、s on a Buddhist pilgrimage to Tibet & appreciate the profound cultureHave a leisurely walk or an exciting bicycle ride on the time-honored City Wall of XianView the soaring city skylines and feel the pulse of modern ShanghaiFrom $ 2, 459 per personTour Route 2: 11 Days Private Bejing -Xian -Chonqing

38、 -Yangtze River Cruise -Yichang - ShanghaiTour Highlights:Must-see sights in China the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta WarriorsTry biking on the Ming Dynasty City Wall of Xi an, or tour by electric carEnjoy the Three Gorges scenery on Yangtze River & feel totally relaxedFrom $ 1,879 per perso

39、nTour Route 3:12 Days Private Beijing - Shanghai - Xian - Guilin - Yangshuo - Guilin - Hong KongTour Highlights:Must-see sights in China the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta WarriorsExperience the Bund, classical garden, modern and old in contrast in ShanghaiFeel the lively atmosphere & explor

40、e busy markets freely in Hong KongWalk into a local family, learn to cook Chinese food & dine with the hosts in their homeFrom $ 2, 499 per personTour Route 4: 12 Days Private Beijing - Xian - Chengdu - Guilin - ShanghaiTour Highlights:Must-see sights in China the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terraco

41、tta Warriors, Giant PandasCome to Chengdu, the hometown of giant pandas to visit and observe the cute creatureCruise on the meandering Li River & admire Guilin landscapeWalk into a local Chinese family, interact & dine with the hosts in their homeFrom $2, 079 per person(1) What do Tour Route 1 and T

42、our Route 2 have in common?A. They have cycling activities.B. They include a visit to Tibet.C. Visitors enjoy the Three Gorges scenery. D. Visitors pay the same amount of money.(2) What is special about Tour Route 2?A.Tourists can travel by bike.B.Tourists can visit a huge dam.C.Tourists can dine wi

43、th a family.D.It is the most expensive of the four.(3) Where can visitors enjoy Chinas rare animals?A.Tour Route 1.B.Tour Route 2.C.Tour Route 3.D.Tour Route 4.【答案】(1) AB(3) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了四條旅游路線。(1) kc細節(jié)理解。根據(jù) Route 1 部分中的 “Have a leisurely wlk or an exciting bicycle ride onthe time- honored C

44、ity Wall of Xian 及 Rouute 2 部分中的 “Try biking on the Ming Dynasty City Wall of Xi an可知；這兩條路線的共同之處是都有騎行活動，故選A。(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù) Route 2 部分中的“Enjoythe Three Gorges scenery on Yangtze River司知，在Route 2中你可以欣賞到長江三峽風光，也就是說 Route 2的特別之處是你 可以參觀三峽大壩，故選B。(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù) Route 4 部分中的“Cometo Chengdu, the hometown of gian

45、t pandas to visit and observe the cute creature 可知，在 R6ute4中你可以看到中國的珍稀動物 大熊貓，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié) 信息，結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。5.閱讀理解Recently, as the British doctor Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily angry. A woman had picked up her

46、 phone and begun a loud conversation, which would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.When the train arrived at its destination, Winston rushed out. Hed had enough of the womans rudeness. But th

47、e press were now waiting for her on the platform. And when they showed her Winstons messages, she used just one word to describe Winstons actions: rude.Winstons tale is something of a microcosm( 縮影)of our age of increasing rudeness, fueled by social media. What can we do to fix this?Studies have sho

48、wn that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. The only way to avoid it is to deal with it face to face. We must say, Just stop. For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, tellin

49、g her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things.In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that th

50、e acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous to the disturbing. Winston did shine a spotlight on the womans behavior - but from afar, in a way that shamed her.We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens t

51、o a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way wed defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are f

52、ar more likely to end that strain themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.(1) What can you learn about Robert Winston from the passage?A. He knows how to speak to rude people.B. He behaved improperly and spoke loudly on the train.C. He lost his temper due to other peo

53、ples rudeness.D. He reacted to a womans rude behavior wrongly.（ 2） What does fueled by social media mean in Paragraph 3?A. Rude behavior is common on social media.B. Rudeness can be avoided through social media.C. People can easily get away through social media.D. Social media may spread and cause r

54、udeness.（ 3） According to the writer, how should you respond when you meet rude people?A. Record them and post it on the Internet.B. Point it out in a polite and skillful way.C. Do nothing but wait for other people to fix it.D. Pay them back by doing equally disturbing things.（ 4） Which of the follo

55、wing statement is true about the last paragraph?A. We can only point out rudeness from familiar people.B. Rudeness and manners can hardly coexist in civilized society.C. Both strangers and acquaintances deserve our friendly warning.D. Rude people cant see their rudeness through others eyes.【答案】（ 1 ）

56、 D（ 2） D（ 3） B（ 4） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者通過溫斯特對打電話這位粗魯?shù)呐科毓庠诿襟w上的不當行為，提出了我們要用禮貌而巧妙的方式指出來生活中粗魯?shù)男袨?。?1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“ Wintson did shine a spotlight on the womans behavior but from afar, in a way that shamed her. 溫斯頓確實把聚光燈對準了那個女人的行為”但從長遠看，這是方式一種讓她蒙羞?？赏瞥觯髡哒J為溫斯頓的做法不正確。故選D。（ 2）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“ Winstonstal

57、e is something of a microcosm（ 縮影 ） ofour age of increasing rudeness 可知作者描述這個時代越來越粗魯；再根據(jù)第四段中的”“ Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. 研究表明，粗魯行為傳播迅速，就像普通感冒一樣?？芍髡哒J為粗魯行為傳播很快。因此此處fuel意為 “加速 ”之意，故選D。（ 3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ But we can do it with grace, by handling it

58、 without atrace of aggressio n and without being rude ourselves. 但我們可以優(yōu)雅地做到這一點，處理它”時不帶一絲侵略性，自己也不粗魯。可知，作者認為我們可以禮貌而巧妙的方式指出來粗魯?shù)男袨楹腿?。故選B。（ 4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ Wemust defend strangers in the same way weddefend our best friends. 我們必須保護陌生人，就像保護我們最好的朋友一樣。可知選 ”C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，句義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。6