全新版大學英語綜合教程4【第二版】課后答案

1、9全新版大學英語綜合教程4【第二版】習題答案主編：李蔭華上海外語教育出版社Unit 1Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart 1 e Paras 1-2 IntroductionBoth Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part 2 o Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaignagainst

2、 RussiaPart 3 ree Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart 4 ur Para 21 Conclusion theelements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitler'sblitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorche

3、d earth policyVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance3) stroke5) minus7) declarations9) rawSection Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war2) at the cost of4) limp6) regions8) siege10) bide his time1

4、1) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2) 1) is faced with2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by6) dine out7) have cut back8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has

5、 been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers strike3) Sara has madeup her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of th

6、e electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainousregions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation

7、 of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battlet

8、urned thetide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dram

9、atic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words .4) Pneumonia had severely we

10、akened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not untilwe fall ill that we finally learn toappreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks and nobody knew anything about it.3) It's said he dropped dead

11、 from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm you could easilyget burned, especially if you fall asleep .5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Com

12、prehensive Exercises1. Cloze(A)1. invasion 2. stand in the way3. Conquest 4. catching. off his guard5. launching 6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing.to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery8. advantage9. observing 10. Powerful11.

13、 Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Philis getting increasingly despera

14、te .4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient , and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had

15、not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemyand launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were af

16、raid we might get bogged downin the mud. Our battalion commanderdecided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to th

17、e cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemyfrom the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Text A Vocabulary3) vapor 4) take satellite 7) vibrated 8)10) in the air 11) got/was1. 1. 1) expansion 2) auto

18、mated control of 5) hazards 6) magnetic 9)bunchedstuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1) incorporates all the latest safety features2) two trees ten feet apart3) awarding lucrative contracts

19、to his construction site4) the prototype of a new mo del before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) are correlated in all racial groups the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word Forma

20、tionClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mail gym gymnasium comsat communications satellite lib liberationnewscastnews broadcastdoc doctorskyjacksky hijackvet veterinarianEurodollarEuropean dollarprep preparatorybrunchbreakfast and lunchauto automob

21、iletelecasttelevision broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive Exercises1. Cloze2.1) computerized

22、 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor3.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing 8) depende

23、nt 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation11) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The rese

24、arch shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2Automobiles have, sin

25、ce their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing ca

26、rs makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduc

27、e your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3 Text AContent questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6

28、. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness- backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst

29、snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11 . Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job

30、 applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart 1 e Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Part 2 o Paras 7-27Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions1) Prepare to win

31、.Examples1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning.2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and the Vietnam veteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. cabdriver.Language Sense Enhancement4) a New York1.(1) checked w

32、ith(5) be right for(9) prepared Language Focus I. 1.(2) interview (3) grill(6) follow up (7)(10) prospective(4) clippingsindicating ( 8) hand-delivered1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) t

33、ook a crack at 12) partner2)1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stoodfor 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8)closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King s palace3) will be in reade

34、rs hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1) applicants,veteran, the prospective2) From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave 2. used

35、 to avoid repetition 3. Clean 4. get along5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete 7. study 8. be enough 9. be acceptable111. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin.OK, I ll talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the

36、way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage4. I m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend

37、your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) befo

38、rehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the

39、inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner ha

40、s the capital. Working together, we ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have madebetter preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms wi

41、th stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in

42、his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewherein the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no ende

43、avor to learn as muchabout his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text ATextrganization 1.PartsParagraMain IdeasPartpusParasIntroduction to Davos Man and the WorldOne1-3Economic ForumPartParasDebate over the impact of globalization onTwo4-5current socie

44、ty and culturePartParasHistory of globalization and its recentThree6-8trends and future prospectsPartParas.Globalization versus nationalism and theFour9-11challenges it faces2.Main Events1. Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.2. Davos Man sees their identity as a m

45、ater of personal choice, not an accident of birth.3. Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.4. Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected market-place in which corpora

46、tions search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled7) Establishment9) contradictions11) divorced6) displace8) patriotic/strengthen10) aspires12) pendulums2.1) come to

47、 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in6) sucks in7) clean up8) turn away3.1) For me, it makes no/littledifference whether we go there by trainor by bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world ' s biggest car maker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odd

48、s with his wifeover money matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5) She doesn' t even know howto boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5. a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be e

49、ndorsed by/on a large scaleII. Word FormationWTOWorld Trade Organization世界貿(mào)易組織GDPGross domestic product國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值A(chǔ)TMAutomated teller machine自動出納機VATValue-added tax增值稅1CADComputer-aided design計算機輔助設(shè)計ITInformation technology信息技術(shù)IDDInternational direct dialing國際直撥電話MTVMusic television音樂電視RadarRadio detecti

50、ng and ranging雷達IOCInternational Olympic Committee國際奧委會VIPVery important person貴賓,大人物LaserLight amplification by stimulated emission of radiation激光CPUCentral processing unit中央處理器110111. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he g ave) that he

51、didn ' t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought wassimply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensiv

52、e ExercisesI. Cloze2. networking4. growth6. facilitate8. outlook10. patriotic12. strike a(A)1. academics variety of5. vanish7. endorsing9. sweeping aside11. erasing(B)1. aided4. connected5. invested7. prevailing9. volume6. features8.qua1tativelyDistinguishing11. Translation1 .) Due to his pessimisti

53、c outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assetsfrom Europe to elsewhere.112) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.4) Whyis it that a cons

54、iderable number of colleagues are at odds with you5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.2.Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look

55、 for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has becomeincreasingly important. At the sametime, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long

56、-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don' t seem tocare for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.Unit 5TextAoganizati on 1.PartsParagraphMain IdeasPart OneParas 1It is no easy to judge people, for they aren' what they