科技英語單詞

1、P16Surfacewater地表水Totalsolid總固體Groundwater地下水Scale-forming結(jié)垢Finishedwaters處理后的水Per-capitausage人均用量Color色度Turbidity濁度Taste味道Odor臭味Nitrate硝態(tài)氮Harmfulmetalions有害金屬離子Organicchemicals有機化學物質(zhì)Pesticide農(nóng)藥Chlorinatedsolvent氯代溶劑.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency美國環(huán)保局Hardness硬度P17disposal處置Drainageorsewersystem排水或污水

2、系統(tǒng)Purificationortreatmentfacilities凈化或處理設施effectivenessoftreatmentprocesses處理工藝的有效性Biochemical生化的Physicochemical物理化學的Organicandnitrogenloading有機和氮負荷Ammonia氨氣Dissolvedoxygen溶解氧Pollutionalload污染負荷Streampurificationcapacity河流凈化容量Effluentqualityoreffluentstandard出水質(zhì)量或出水標準Nitrogenfertilizer氮肥Organicchemi

3、cals有機化學物質(zhì)Municipalwastewatertreatmentplant(MWTP)市政污水處理廠P18Inorganicchemistry無機化學Colloidalchemistry膠體化學Radiochemistry放射化學Contamination污染Cleanup清理Analyticalchemistry分析化學Sampling采樣Separation分離Quantification量化Leachate滲濾液Aquifer水體P19Urbanpopulation城市人口Populationdensity人口密度combustion燃燒Incinerator焚燒爐Parti

4、culatematter顆粒物質(zhì)Visible可見的Atmosphericinversion大氣逆溫Respiratorytract呼吸道Photochemical光化學的Unsaturatedhydrocarbon不飽和烴Automobileexhaustgases汽車尾氣Ozone臭氧Formaldehyde甲醛Radioactivematerials放射性物質(zhì)Nuclearpowerplant核電廠Solarenergy太陽能Biomass生物質(zhì)Ultravioletradiation紫外輻射Carbondioxide二氧化碳Methane甲烷Chlorofluorocarbons氟利昂

5、Greenhousegases溫室氣體P23organicchemistry有機化學synthesis合成liquid水體中by-product副產(chǎn)物impurities雜質(zhì)organicload有機負荷formaldehyde甲醛methanol甲醇vital-forcetheory生命力理論ammoniumcyanate氰化胺urea尿素P24Elements（元素）hydrocarbon烷烴nitrogen氮phosphorous磷sulfur硫halogen鹵素P25Properties（性質(zhì)）combustible可燃的meltingpoint熔點boilingpoint沸點solu

6、ble可溶的formula分子式isomerism同分異構(gòu)molecular分子的ionic離子的molecularweight分子量Bacteria細菌Sources（來源）fibers纖維cellulose纖維素starch淀粉alkaloids生物堿fermentation發(fā)酵acetone丙酮glycerol甘油antibiotics抗生素acid酸microorganism微生物P27Isomerism（同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象）isomer同分異構(gòu)體hydroxyacid羥基酸structuralformula結(jié)構(gòu)分子式aliphatic脂肪族aromatic芳香族heterocyclic雜環(huán)

7、的Hydrocarbon（烴）Saturatedhydrocarbons飽和烴Unsaturatedhydrocarbons不飽和烴Paraffinseries鏈烷烴系列petroleum石油gasoline汽油Dieselfuel柴油Methane甲烷Marshgas沼氣Naturalgas天然氣Gasengines燃氣發(fā)動機Firedamp瓦斯Greenhousegas溫室氣體Stratosphere同溫（平流）層P28methane甲烷ethane乙烷propane丙烷butane丁烷normal正N-butane正丁烷Prefixiso-前綴isobutane異丁烷Straightch

8、ain直鏈Branched-chain支鏈Roomtemperature室溫Homologousseries同族系列Generalformula通用分子式P30nomenclature系統(tǒng)命名法IUPAC（InternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry）國際純粹化學和應用化學聯(lián)合會strongbase強堿strongacid強酸oxidizingagent氧化劑concentratedsulfuricacid濃縮的硫酸Oxidation氧化substitution取代pyrolysis高溫裂解cracking裂化high-molecular-weight

9、高分子量petroleumindustry石油工業(yè)chemicalsynthesis化學合成terminalcarbonatoms末端碳原子omegaoxidation末端氧化intermediatesteps中間步驟P32Unsaturatedhydrocarbonsethyleneseries烯類doublebond雙鍵alkenes鏈烯ethylene乙烯propylene丙烯butylene丁烯pyrolysisofpetroleum石油高溫裂解diolefins二烯烴polyenes多烯acetyleneseries炔類triplebond三鍵P34syntheticrubber合成

10、橡膠oxidation氧化反應aqueoussolution水溶液potassiumpermanganate高錳酸鉀reduction還原反應glycol乙二醇catalysis催化劑addition加成反應halogenacid鹵酸hypochlorousacid高氯酸polymerization聚合反應polymer聚合物resin樹脂fiber纖維rubber橡膠detergent洗滌劑bacterialoxidation細菌氧化P35Alcohols（醇類）alcohol醇類aerobiccondition好氧條件degradation降解hydroxyalkyl氫氧烷基ionize離

11、子化neutral中性的classification分類primaryalcohol伯醇secondaryalcohol仲醇tertiaryalcohol叔醇P36isopropylalcohol異丙醇methylalcohol甲醇ethylalcohol乙醇n-butylalcohol正丁醇carbonmonoxide一氧化碳enzyme酶glucose葡萄糖industrialalcohol工業(yè)酒精distillation蒸餾hydration水合反應cornstarch玉米淀粉waxysolid蠟狀固體hexadecanol十六醇alkylgroup烷基團hydroxylgroup羥基團

12、2-methyl-1-propanol2-甲基-1-丙醇polyhydroxyalcohol多羥基醇pethyleneglycol乙烯二醇aldehydes醛ketones酮carbonylgroup羰基P41Ozonide臭氧化物steampowerplant蒸汽發(fā)電機internalcombustionengines內(nèi)燃機embalming防腐biologicalspecimens生物標本dilution稀釋toxicitythresholds毒性閾值nontoxic無毒的activatedsludge活性污泥P42-P44acetaldehyde乙醛condensation縮合aldeh

13、yderesinpaint醛類樹脂顏料dimethylketone雙甲基酮methylethylketone甲乙酮2-butanol2-丁醇solvent溶劑monocarboxylicacid單羧基酸polycarboxylicacid多羧基酸hydroxylgroup羥基P48Ester酯hydrolysis水解reversiblereaction逆反應generalformula通用分子式butylacetate乙酸丁酯perfumes香水flavoringextracts調(diào)味料odor氣味immiscible難溶的separation分離purification純化antibiotic

14、s抗生素hydrolyze水解P49ether醚strongdehydratingagents強脫水劑fragments斷裂flammable可燃的diethylether乙醚anesthetic麻醉劑flotation上浮decantation沉淀alkylhalide鹵化烴halogenatedaliphaticcompounds鹵代脂肪化合物industrialwastewater工業(yè)廢水municipalwastewater市政污水maximumcontaminantlevels（MCL）S最大污染水平volatile揮發(fā)性pollutants污染物P50vinylchloride氯乙

15、烯phosphorous磷bromide溴化物potassiumcyanide氰化鉀nitrile腈carbonchain碳鏈methylchloride一氯甲烷ethylchloride一氯乙烷refrigerant制冷劑P51lead鉛polyvinylchloride聚氯乙烯contaminatedgroundwater受污染的地下水sanitary衛(wèi)生的carcinogen致癌的airpollutant空氣污染ethylenedibromide（EDB）1，2-二溴乙烷pesticide殺蟲劑ingredient成分dichloromethane二氯甲烷chlorination氯化反應

16、P52chloroform氯仿nonflammable不可燃的microgram微克disinfection消毒naturalwater天然水phosgene（COCl2）光氣halogenatedethanes鹵乙烷industrialsolvent工業(yè)溶劑halogenatedethenes鹵乙烯degreaser除油器P53-P56dibromochloropropane（DBCP）chloroflurocarbon氟氯烴Tradename商品名Freon氟利昂fluorine氟ultravioletradiation紫外光輻射greenhousegas溫室氣體ozonedestruct

17、ion臭氧層破壞greenhouseeffect溫室效應P57-P61Aromaticcompoundscyclicgroup環(huán)基aromaticcompound芳香族化合物aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物benzenering苯環(huán)parentcompound母體化合物kekuleformula凱庫勒分子式polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons（PAHS多環(huán)芳姓：P62combustionproduct燃燒產(chǎn)物chimneysweeps煙道清掃creosote防腐油chlorinatedaromaticcompound含氯芳香烴化合物polychlorina

18、tedbiphenyls多氯聯(lián)苯chlorinatedbenzene氯苯P63hydrophobic疏水性dichlorobenzene二氯苯congener同類vaporpressure蒸氣壓capacitor電容器plasticizer增塑性biodegrade生物降解anaerobicmicroorganisms厭氧微生物P64phenols酚monohydricphenol一羥基酚carbolicacid碳酸ionize電離germicide殺菌劑hemicellulose半纖維Heterocycliccompounds雜環(huán)化合物Dye染料P71Sugar糖Carbohydrate碳水

19、化合物monosaccharide單糖Disaccharide雙糖polysaccharide多糖hexose乙糖glucose葡萄糖xylose木糖Galactose半乳糖Lacticacid乳酸P75Condensationproduct濃縮產(chǎn)品Starch淀粉Cellulose纖維Hemicellulose半纖維amylase直鏈淀粉amylopectin支鏈淀粉iodine碘indicator指示劑mammals哺孚L動物structuralfiber結(jié)構(gòu)纖維sulfite亞硫酸鹽sulfate硫酸鹽pulping紙漿subunit亞單位digestivetract消化系統(tǒng)rumina

20、nt反芻動物P77-P84suspension懸浮液preliminarytreatment預處理sedimentation沉積作用anaerobicdigestion厭氧消化filtration過濾centrifugation離心incineration焚燒pentose戊糖lignin木質(zhì)素resin樹脂pitch柏油脂pulpingprocess造紙工藝derivation衍生物yeast酵母菌P85-P86protein蛋白質(zhì)insulin胰島素amino氨基ribonuclease核糖核酸hemoglobin血紅蛋白nitrogen氮oxygen氧iron鐵hydrolyticenz

21、yme水解酶P87-P96detergent洗滌劑ingredient成分surface-activeagent表面活性劑surfactant表面活性物質(zhì)polar極性sodium鈉potassium鉀rodent利齒動物insect昆蟲categorize分類herbicide除草劑algicide除藻劑fungicide除菌劑chemicalproperties化學特性toxicproperties毒性traceorganics微量有機物concentration濃度impurity雜質(zhì)epidemiological流行病學statisticalstudy統(tǒng)計學P97organ器官kidn

22、ey腎liver肝extraction萃取gaschromatography(GC)氣相色譜liquidchromatography(LC)液相色譜hexane正乙烷immune免疫的exudate滲出物decomposition分解polymeric聚合phenolic苯酚的humicsubstance腐殖質(zhì)excneta排泄物aquaticplant水生植物potentialhazard潛在危險P100Solubility溶解性Hydrophobicity疏水性Polarity極性Volatility揮發(fā)性Density密度Sorption吸附Transformation轉(zhuǎn)換Partiti

23、oning分配Photochemical光化學的P125Standardmethod標準方法Partspermillion(ppm)Partsperbillion(ppb)Partspertrillion(ppt)Internationalsystemofunits(SI)Milligramsperliter(mg/L)Microgramsperliter(ag/L)nanogramsperliter(ng/L)P133generaloperation一般操作keystone關鍵fieldinvestigation野外調(diào)查specializedcourse專業(yè)課程P134sample采樣ins

24、tantaneously瞬間的frequencyofsample采樣頻率grabsample隨機采樣Compositedsample組合樣品atregularintervals一定間隔detentiontime停留時間P135influent進水effluent出水a(chǎn)pparatus裝置reagent化學試劑solubility溶解度coefficientofexpansion膨脹系數(shù)specification規(guī)格precipitation沉淀purity純度ignition灼燒purification純化P136weightanalysis重量分析membrane膜boundwater結(jié)合水

25、filterpaper濾紙glassfiberfilter玻璃纖維濾紙porosity孔隙bariumsulfate硫酸鋇ferrichydroxide氫氧化鐵vessel容器drainage排水drying烘干freewater自由水crystallization結(jié)晶P137volatilization揮發(fā)decomposition分解desiccation干燥evaporationdish蒸發(fā)皿crucible坩堝moisture濕度relativehumidity相對濕度desiccator干燥器anhydrouscalciumchloride無水氯化鈣analyticalbalance

26、分析天平P139fixedsolid固定固體volatilesolid揮發(fā)固體timeconsuming消耗時間的constantweight恒重grossweight毛重netweight凈重porcelain陶瓷platinumware鉑制器皿pretreatment預處理P140semisolidsample半固體樣品volumetricanalysis容積分析standardsolution標準溶液glassware玻璃器皿suitablestrength適當強度stoichiometricendpoint化學當量終點八'、calibrate校正buret滴定管cylinder

27、量筒calibratedglassware標正玻璃器皿Indicator指示劑P141-P157pipet移液管chromicacid鉻酸normalsolution當量溶液primarystandard一級標準secondarystandard二級標準acidtitration酸滴定basetitration堿滴定oxidationreductionmethods氧化還原方法calculation計算colorimetry比色法spectrophotometer分光光度計monochromaticlight單色光wavelength波長linearcoordinatepaper直角坐標紙nitrite亞硝酸根calibration校正turbidimetry濁度劑法nephelometry懸浮法precision精度Accuracy精確度P160Regulatory法規(guī)acidrain酸雨ozonelayer臭氧層WorldHealthOrganization世界衛(wèi)生組織Pollutionawareness污染意