高中英語專題講解——-高中時態(tài)

1、 一對一互動研學(xué) 時態(tài)的用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時的形式a. 主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，在原形動詞后加-s或-es。b. be的變化：am, is, arec. have的變化；has, have(2) 一般現(xiàn)在時在高考中的基本用法詳見下表的總結(jié)：具體用法經(jīng)典例句(1) 表示現(xiàn)存的狀態(tài)、情況I am a teacher now. 我現(xiàn)在是一名教師。The coat is very cheap. 這件外套很便宜。Does he work hard? 他工作努力嗎？(2) 表示過去、現(xiàn)在和將來都理應(yīng)存在的客觀事實或真理A plane is faster than a car. 飛機比汽車快

2、。The earth moves round the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3 plus 2 is 5. 三加二等于五(3) 表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性的活動He is always ready to help others. 他總是樂于助人。He gets up very early every morning. 他每天早上很早起床。(3) 一般現(xiàn)在時的特別用法詳見下表的總結(jié)： 具體用法經(jīng)典例句(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時代替過去時表示過去的用法在賓語從句中，盡管主句用過去時態(tài)，但如果從句所述內(nèi)容是客觀真理或經(jīng)常性的動作，其謂語動詞仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。The teacher told her

3、 pupils that the sun rises in the east. 教師告訴她的學(xué)生們太陽從東方升起。敘述往事，使其生動。Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins. 拿破侖的軍隊現(xiàn)在前進了，大戰(zhàn)役開始了。表示“書上說”、“報紙上說”之意。The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow. 報紙上說明天天氣寒冷。(2) 一般現(xiàn)在時代替進行時的用法在進行圖片說明、電影說明、戲劇內(nèi)容及場景解說時常用一般現(xiàn)在時。Scene I(Lucy and Miss

4、 Green are in the doctor's room-a large, pleasant room with many books.) 第一幕(露西和格林小姐在醫(yī)生的房間里，那里有很多書，寬敞而舒適)在某些習慣性表達法中，表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Here comes the bus! 公交車開來了！How it rains! 雨下得好大啊！(3)一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的用法表示已安排或計劃好、將來必定會發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)時，可用一般現(xiàn)在時。用于這類句型?？嫉闹^語動詞包括be, come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin等。My bi

5、rthday falls on April21, 我的生日是四月二十一日。The meeting is at 8:00 a. m.tomorrow. 會議明天上午八點開始。His ship leaves at 5：00 p. m. this afternoon, 他的船下午五點開航。Tomorrow we start for Shanghai. 明天我們啟程去上海。在含有條件、讓步、時間等狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the countryside. 如果明天天氣好，我們就去鄉(xiāng)村。We will

6、try to finish the work in time although we are short of manpower.盡管缺乏人力我們還是要設(shè)法按時完成這項工作She'll go to see him as soon as she arrives. 她一到達就去看他。When you meet him, tell him to come to my room. 如果你遇見他，叫他到我這兒來。 鞏固提升1 例1 What would you do if it _ tomorrow?We have to carry it on, since we've got

7、 everything ready.A. rain    B. rains    C. will rain    D. is raining點撥：B 在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表達將來意義，所以選擇rains。 例2 Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. (遼寧)A. is working   

8、      B. works      C. work         D. worked點撥：C本題測試動詞的時態(tài)與主謂一致，主語是women，又有Nowadays，故選C項work，A項如果改成are working也是正確答案。 2. 一般過去時(1) 一般過去時形式：a. be動詞的形式變化。b. 助動詞的形式變化。c. 情態(tài)動詞的形式變化。d. 行為動詞一律用過去時，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 

9、;(2) 一般過去時的用法A. 表過去的狀態(tài)或動作，常帶有過去時間狀語以及由when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。如：I received two letters from home last week.上周我收到了兩封家信。They left an hour ago. 他們一小時前離開了。注意：常與一般過去時連用的時間狀語有：last year 去年just now 剛才in 2002 在2002年at that moment 在那時a few days ago 幾天前in the old days 在過去的歲月里yesterday 昨天last night 昨天晚上at that time 當時t

10、he other day 前幾天 B. 過去的習慣動作，常與時間狀語如every day, seldom, usually等連用。如：We saw him from time to time. 過去我們時常看到他。Every morning I took a walk when I lived in the countryside. 我住在鄉(xiāng)下時每天早上都散步。C在before和after引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，已經(jīng)表明了時間的先后，所以可用過去時來代替過去完成時。如：He said nothing before he saw Mr. Smith.=He had said nothing

11、before he saw Mr. Smith.看到史密斯先生之前，他什么話都沒說。 (3) 一般過去時用法5注意Ahave got+名詞，表示“有”，是have的口語用法。如：I've got a problem. =I have a problem.我有一個難題。B used to+動詞原形，也可表示過去的習慣動作而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒有了。如：We used to spend our vacations in the mountains. 暗示現(xiàn)在沒有在山區(qū)度假了。我們以前常常在山區(qū)度假。C would+動詞原形，也可表示過去的習慣。如：My mother would go do

12、wntown when she was not busy.我媽媽以前不忙的時候，常到市中心去。D 過去時和ever, never連用，表示“過去的經(jīng)驗”。如：Did you ever see a lion? 你曾見過獅子嗎?She never heard such a beautiful song before.他以前不曾聽過這么美的歌。E since從句一般用過去時You haven't changed much since we last met.自從上次我們見面以來，你變化不大。It's three years since he went abroad. 他出國三年了。I

13、t's a long time since he was ill. 他病好了很長時間了。I haven't found any job since I was out of work. 自我失業(yè)以來，我一直沒有找到工作。 鞏固提升2 例1 If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. (2005湖南)A. is     B. was 

14、0;   C. would be     D. has been點撥：B 表示“Tina曾經(jīng)來過這兒看你”(Tina現(xiàn)已離開)要用一般過去時。 例2 .Did you tidy your room?No, I was going to tidy my room but I _ visitors. (2007上海)A. had     B. have     C. have had     D. will h

15、ave點撥：A 下劃線處應(yīng)客觀描述過去行為，表明“不速之客來訪”這一過去的事實，由此直接排除選項B、C、D而選出A。 3. 一般將來時(1). 一般將來時形式a. 第一人稱  shall/will+動詞原形b. 第二、三人稱  will+動詞原形c. be going+to dod. be+to doe. be about+to do (2). 一般將來時的用法a. 表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。如：You will get wet ii you go out without an umbrella.如果你出去不帶傘，會淋濕的。We shall have a l

16、ot of rain next month.下個月將會下很多雨。注意：常與一般將來時連用的時間狀語有：next time下次                 tomorrow 明天tomorrow evening明晚         before long 不久后in the future在將來     &#

17、160;      later(on)以后the day after tomorrow 后天this afternoon 今天下午         next year明年 b. be going+to do. 表示打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?。如：My brother is going to learn English next year.我哥哥準備明年學(xué)英語。He is going to stay a week. 他準備待一個星期。表示可能即將發(fā)生某事。如：

18、I think it is going to snow. 我看天要下雪。I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold.恐怕我要得重感冒。表示即將發(fā)生的情況或狀態(tài)。如：I am going to be sixty-one next Tuesday.下周二我就61歲了。(3). 一般將來時用法4注意a. be going to表示事先經(jīng)過考慮的打算，will多表示意愿、決心。如：Can somebody help me? 誰能幫我一下嗎?I will. 我來。不能用be going tob. 如果表示意愿，will可以用于條件從句。如：If you will

19、learn to play table tennis, I'll coach you,如果你想學(xué)打乒乓球，我可以當你的教練。c. be+to do這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示職責、義務(wù)、意圖、約定、可能性等。如：You are m be back by 10 o'clock.你必須10點鐘回來。We are to meet at the school gate.我們約定在校門口碰頭。d. be about to do表示即將做某事。如：We are about to leave. 我們快走了。The meeting is about to start. 會議即將開始。注意：be about t

20、o do結(jié)構(gòu)中不能接時間狀語。be about to do 可用于 when結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.=I was on the point of going to bed when the tale phone rang. 我剛要上床睡覺，這時電話鈴響了。  鞏固提升3例1. How can I apply for an online course?Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do for you.A. see 

21、60;       B. are seeing       C. have seen     D. will see點撥：D 下劃線處表示的行為是fill out this form之后將要發(fā)生的行為，應(yīng)選用表示一般將來時的will see。 例2 Your job _ open for your return. Thanks.A. will be kept      B. w

22、ill keep       C. had kept      D. had been kept點撥A 表示將來的動作，應(yīng)用一般將來時，應(yīng)排除選項C、D；又由于下劃線處還必須表示出被動的含義，應(yīng)進一步排除B而選A。 4. 現(xiàn)在進行時(1). 現(xiàn)在進行時的形式：be (am/are/is) + 現(xiàn)在分詞(2). 現(xiàn)在進行時的用法a. 表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。如；I am writing a letter to my brother.我正寫信給我哥哥。It is still ra

23、ining bard outside. 外面仍下著大雨。b. 表示現(xiàn)在的安排或計劃未來要做的事。We're getting married in March.We have agreed to get married in March.We are to get married in March.我們在3月份結(jié)婚。c. 表示說話者一種感情色彩，如“同情”“責備”“強調(diào)”“好奇”“不滿”“贊賞”等的感情與情緒，常與always, continually, perpetually, constantly, forever/for ever, allthe time, all the whi

24、le表“連續(xù)”的時間狀語連用。如：She is always complaining. 抱怨她老是抱怨。Are you feeling better this morning? 同情你今天早上覺得好些嗎?Why aren't you studying? 責備你為什么不讀書?Well, I am telling you the truth! 強調(diào)唔，我是在和你說真話啊!What are you doing here, girls? 好奇姑娘們，你們在這兒干什么?John is bothering me and keeping me from work. 不滿，約翰一直困擾著我使我不能工作

25、。You are helping me, darling. 快樂親愛的，你在幫我的忙。John is doing fine work at school. 贊賞約翰在學(xué)校里表現(xiàn)很好。(3). 現(xiàn)在進行時用法3注意a. be going to+do結(jié)構(gòu)中，以物或it當主語時，表說話者覺得最近就要發(fā)生的事。如：The moon is going to come out soon.月亮馬上就要出來了。b. get, become, turn, run, go, begin, forget, die, finish等詞的現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來，有“逐漸”“越來越”或“快要”的意思。如：Father i

26、s getting fat. 父親越來越胖了。The leaves are turning yellow. 樹葉逐漸變黃了。Our house is becoming old. 我們的房子逐漸變舊了。It is beginning to rain. 天快要下雨了。c. 比較：look at或watch(看，觀察)表動作，有進行時；see(看見)表結(jié)果，不用于進行時。look for(尋找)表動作，有進行時；find(找到了)表結(jié)果，不用于進行時。recollect(回想)表動作，有進行時；remember(記得)表結(jié)果，不用于進行時。listen to(傾聽)表動作，有進行時；hear(聽見)

27、表結(jié)果，不用于進行時。consider(考慮)表動作，有進行時；think(認為)表結(jié)果，不用于進行時。 鞏固提升4 例1。 Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing. People _to ask how I am going to spend the money. (2005湖南)A. phone    B. will phone    C. were phoning    D. are phonin

28、g點撥：D 題干句意為：自從我贏了大獎，我的電話就沒停過，人們都在打電話問我打算怎么花那筆錢?！按螂娫挕笔乾F(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時。 例2 Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _?A. did they speak      B. were they speakingC. are they speaking    D. have they been speaking點撥： C 本題測試動詞的時態(tài)。由Listen to th

29、e two girls by the window. (請聽窗邊那兩個女孩的談話)?？梢耘袛?，句子描述的是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作，用現(xiàn)在進行時。 .5. 過去進行時(1). 過去進行時的形式；was (一、三人稱單數(shù))/were(其余人稱和數(shù))+現(xiàn)在分詞(2). 過去進行時的用法a. 表示在過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。如：When you came in, I was writing.你進來時，我正在寫東西。While I was studying, I was asleep.我正在做功課時，睡著了。b. 動詞get, become, turn, leave, go, begin, fo

30、rget, die, finish等的過去進行時表示“逐漸”“越來越”“快要”的意思。如：When I arrived at the theatre, the play was just beginning. 我到達戲院時，戲就要開演了。The weather was getting warmer and warmer.天氣逐漸暖和起來了。c. 過去進行時與always, continually, constantly, forever/for ever, all the time, all the while等表持續(xù)的時間狀語連用，通常表示說話者認為過去不良的習慣。如：They were a

31、lways quarrelling. 他們老是吵嘴。My little brother was continually asking questions.我弟弟老是問東問西的。(3). 過去進行時用法2注意a. 常與過去進行時連用的時間狀語有：at that time當時at five yesterday昨天五點then那時 this time yesterday昨天這個時候the whole morning整個上午last night昨晚b. 表示禮貌有時過去進行時并不表示過去的時間，而表達現(xiàn)在的客氣、禮貌或不確定。此類動詞主要有hope, wonder, think, expect等。如：

32、I was wondering if we could have dinner together.不知我們能否在一起吃晚飯。I was hoping that you could help me.真希望你能幫我。I was thinking maybe he could go by taxi.我當時在想或許他可以坐出租車去。 鞏固提升5例1Did you see a man in black pass by just now?No, sir. I _ a newspaper.A. read     B. was reading 

33、60;  C. would read     D. am reading點撥： B 與前面表示“剛剛”的just now對應(yīng)，下劃線處應(yīng)選川過去進行時表示剛才正在進行的活動。 例2. I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.Impossible. She _ TV with me in my home then.A. watched    B. had watched   

34、0; C. would watch    D. was watching點撥： D 表示Jane昨晚八點正在做某事，應(yīng)選用過去進行時的形式6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(1) 現(xiàn)在完成時的形式：have/has+過去分詞(2) 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法a. 表示到現(xiàn)在為止剛剛完成的動作。He has bought a new car recently, 他最近買了部新車。I haven't heard from Jane lately.我最近沒收到簡的信。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時中常用狀語：already(已經(jīng))，yet(還，尚，仍然)，just(剛剛)，now(現(xiàn)在)，recentl

35、y(近來)，lately(最近)，today(今天)，this week(本周)，this morning(今天早上)，this afternoon(今天下午)等。b. 現(xiàn)在完成時常和ever(曾經(jīng))，never(未曾)；be fore(以前)；in one's life(在一生當中)；once(一度)；twice(兩次)，several times(幾次)等副詞連用。如：Have you ever studied Greek?你曾學(xué)過希臘語嗎?No, I have never studied Greek.沒有，我從來沒學(xué)過希臘語。Yes, I have been there seve

36、ral times.是的，我到過那兒幾次。C. 現(xiàn)在完成時中的動詞可以表示過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常用for，since或how long(多久)連用。如：I have collected coins for many years.我收集硬幣有很多年了。George has been in business since he finished college.喬治自完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)之后就經(jīng)商。I have studied English since 1975.我從1975年起就學(xué)習英語。d. 表過去某時發(fā)生的動作，其結(jié)果影響或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：He has eaten nothing tod

37、ay.他今天什么都沒吃。(他現(xiàn)在一定很餓)I have learned the lesson by heart.我已熟記下這一課。(我現(xiàn)在可以背誦了)I have lost my watch. I lost my watch and I have no watch now. 我手表丟了。(我現(xiàn)在仍舊沒有手表)(3). 現(xiàn)在完成時用法要注意：a. 用現(xiàn)在完成時表“繼續(xù)”的概念時，只能用延續(xù)性動詞，不可用非延續(xù)性動詞，即非延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，必須用時要做一定的變化。如：他父親去世多年了。誤His father has died for ages.正His father died

38、 ages ago.正His father has been dead for ages.正It is ages since his father died.正It has been ages since his father died.我們多年沒來這里了。誤We haven't come here for many years.正We haven't been here for many years.正It is/has been many years since we came here.他們相愛已經(jīng)好多年了。誤They have fallen in love with o

39、ne another for years.正They have been in love with one another for years.正They fell in love with one another years ago.正It's years since they fell in love with one another.常見的延續(xù)性動詞有：drink喝                  &

40、#160;      eat吃                                  fly飛have有        

41、0;                keep保持                            know知道lie躺著    

42、60;                    live住                             

43、60;   play玩rain下雨                       read讀                      

44、60;         run跑sing唱                          sleep睡覺             

45、60;             smoke抽煙snow下雪                     stand站              

46、                talk說wait等                          walk走       &

47、#160;                       wear穿work工作                     exist存在    

48、;                        possess/own擁有部分相互替代的非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞買buyhave                 借borrowskeep到達arrivesta

49、y           得知learnknow穿put onhave on/wear       放置putlay結(jié)婚marrybe married 認識get to knowknow回來come backbe back     離開leavebe away站起stand upstand     坐下sit downsit生病fall illbe ill&#

50、160;          死亡diebe dead關(guān)閉turn offbe off     打開turn onbe on起床get upbe up        動身leave forbe off變成becomebe           返回returnbe back開始beginbe on

51、60;         認出recognizeknow睡覺go to bedsleep來/去come/gobe in/away參加joinbe a member of感冒take/get/catch a coldhave a cold入睡go to seepbe asleep到達get to/arrive in/arrive at/reachbe in10個瞬間性動詞巧記開始離去，借來還，參加人死，買到家。注：“開始離去，借來還”為begin, leave, go, borrow, come, return 6詞。

52、“參加人死,買到家”為join, die, buy, arrive 4詞。b. 由if, when, before, after, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，以現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時。如：He will return the book as soon as he has done with it. 他一看完那本書，就會還的。c. 現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確表示過去時間的狀語連用，如ago, yesterday, last year, at that time, then及when等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句等。d. have gone to與have been to的區(qū)別have gone

53、to表示“到某地去了”，因此人可能還在路上，也可能已經(jīng)到達，但一定不在說話者這里。have been to表示“去過某地”，顯然是回來之后再談?wù)撊ミ^某地的情況。Mary has gone to the library.瑪麗去圖書館了。(現(xiàn)在還沒回來)Mary has been to Hong Kong.瑪麗去過香港。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來)(4). 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別a. 一 般過去時所表示的一個或一段過去時間，是可以具體確定的，與其他時間沒有牽連；它所表示的事情純屑過去，與現(xiàn)在情況沒有關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在完成時所表示的事情發(fā)生 在不能具體指出的過去某個或某段時間，它所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)系，是過

54、去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響，或一直持續(xù)著。Did you go to Canada last year?你去年去加拿大了嗎?(表示去年發(fā)生的行為)Have you been to Canada? 你去過加拿大嗎?(表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的行為，但問現(xiàn)在的情況，即你對那里了解多少)b. 有確定的過去時間狀語可與一般過去時連用，但不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時。能用于現(xiàn)在完成時的是在一定意義上與現(xiàn)在時間有關(guān)系的時間狀語。I learned Java language at college.上大學(xué)時我學(xué)過Java語言。(這是上大學(xué)時的行為，強調(diào)這一行為發(fā)生在大學(xué)期間)I have learned

55、Java language. 我學(xué)過Java語言。(強調(diào)我學(xué)過，有能力，能勝任某些工作，并不強調(diào)過去的行為)I have been to Japan twice. 我去過日本兩次。(說明體驗，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，我對日本了解)She has gone to Japan. 她去日本了。(對現(xiàn)在的影響，她不在這兒)She went to Japan last week. 她上周去日本了。He bought a house ten years ago. 10年前他買了棟房子。(現(xiàn)在是否還擁有那棟房子就說不定了)He has bought a house. 他已經(jīng)買了一棟房子。(到說話的時候他仍然擁有那

56、揀房子) 鞏固提升6 例1 Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. works      B. is working      C. has worked      D. worked點撥： C 下劃線處要表示現(xiàn)在廣受歡迎的Danny從過去至今一直為實現(xiàn)具夢想努力工作，選用現(xiàn)在完成時最為貼切。 例2 The country life

57、 he was used to _ greatly sincel992. (2005山東)A. change    B. has changed    C. changing    D. have changed點撥： B 本題中be used to的賓語為the country life(考生很容易誤選A或C，誤解為be used to doing或be used to do), he was used to為定語從句，修飾the country life，下劃線處應(yīng)為主句的謂語動詞。因主語為the c

58、ountry life，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)選用has changed。 例3 We _ our new neighbors yet, so we don't know their names.A. don't meet     B. won't meet     C. haven't met    D. hadn't met點撥： C題眼是yet這個單詞，是完成時態(tài)的標志詞之一，并且題干中提到“現(xiàn)在不知道他們的名字”，所以應(yīng)選用現(xiàn)在完成時。

59、 7、過去完成時(1) 過去完成時的形式：had+過去分詞(2). 過去完成時的用法a. 在過去某時之前完成或在過去另一動作之前所完成的動作。如：She had learned English before she came to England.她在來英國以前已學(xué)過英文了。I went there at the time agreed upon, but they had already disappeared. 我在約好的時間去那里，但是他們早已散去了。I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blowing.我問他是否看過鯨噴水。b. 表過

60、去某時之前的動作，已經(jīng)延續(xù)了一段時間，常與for, since連用。如：He had been ill for a week when he sent to the hospital.當他被送進醫(yī)院就醫(yī)的時候，已經(jīng)病了一個星期了。I was much grieved at his death; we had been good friends since our childhood. 聽說他死了我很悲傷，我們從小就是好朋友。C. 表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望或計劃。常用的動詞有hope, expect, suppose, intend, mean, think, want, plan, imagin

61、e等。如：I had hoped to pass the examination.我曾希望能通過考試。(可是未通過)She had thought of paying us a visit, but the bad weather made her change her plan. 她本來想來看我們，但惡劣的天氣使她改變了計劃。I had intended(meant)to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我本來打算去拜訪你的，但因故沒去成。巧記withspem有些動詞用過去完成時，常表示“想做而未做”的意思?？汕捎浧涫鬃帜附M成的“w

62、ithspem”，代表：wish, in tend, think, hope, suppose, plan, expect, mean。(3). 過去完成時用法4注意a. no sooner than, hardly when(before), scarcely when(before)等結(jié)構(gòu)中常用過去完成時，當no sooner等用在句首時語序用倒裝。如：No sooner had I left the house than it began to rain.Hardly had he reached home when it began to rain.Scarcely had he re

63、ached home when it began to rain.他剛到家，天就開始下雨。b. 敘述歷史事件時，不用過去完成時，只用過去時。如：Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 老師告訴我們，哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲。c. 由before或after引導(dǎo)狀語從句的句子中，因before和after已表示出時間先后，所以可用過去時來代替過去完成時，用過去完成時強調(diào)動作早已完成。比較：The train started just before I reached the station.我到火車站時，火車剛

64、開走。The train had gone when I arrived at the station.當我到達車站，火車早已開走。d. 常與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：by the end of last week到上周末為止since he left自他離開以來by that tine到那時為止before that year那年以前l(fā)ong before很久以前before I arrived在我到達之前when I arrived在我到達時 鞏固提升7 例1John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spen

65、t $3,000 more than he _ for the wedding.A. will plan     B. has planned     C. would plan     D. had planned點撥： D 應(yīng)選用過去完成時，表示“婚禮之前的計劃”這一“過去的過去”的活動。 例2 They became friends again that day. Until then, they _ to each other for nearly two

66、years.A. didn't speak      B. hadn't spokenC. haven't spoken    D. haven't been speaking點撥： B 題干的句子表示“到他們再次變?yōu)榕笥涯翘鞛橹?，他們幾乎兩年沒有說過話”，這里的“沒有說過活”發(fā)生于“那天他們再次變?yōu)榕笥选边@一過去行為的過去，下劃線處應(yīng)選用過去完成時。8、 過去將來時(1). 過去將來式的形式a. should或would+動詞原形b. was/were + going + to d

67、oC. was/were(+about)+to do(2). 過去將來時的用法a. 過去將來時表示過去某一時間將要發(fā)生的動作或的狀態(tài)。如：I told him I would see him off at the station.我跟他說，我會到車站去給他送行。注意：過去將來時一般只用于賓語從句中。如：He told me that I should succeed. 他說我合成功。He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.他說他要到上海度假。b. was/were + going + to do的用法表示過去曾經(jīng)打算或準備要做的動作。如：

68、They were going to have a meeting.他們曾經(jīng)打算開個會。表示過去將要發(fā)生的或很有可能發(fā)生的動作。如：I thought it was going to raid. 那時我以為要下雨了。C. was/were(about)+to do的用法The foreign diplomats were to see the President. The White House was busy making preparations. 外國使節(jié)將要拜見總統(tǒng)，整個白宮都忙著做準備。I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.我剛要出去，這時來了一個朋友。 鞏固提升8例1