2010屆高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)五年高考三年聯(lián)考精品題庫閱讀理解之人物傳記類

1、:人物傳記類第一部分五年高考題薈萃Passage 1（09 浙江 E 篇）Four people in En gla nd back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,lt was na picture dhdwiirucla black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed -he shape of DNA Thediscovery brought fame and fortune to scie ntists Jame

2、s Wats on, Fran cis Crick, and Maurice Wilki ns. The fourth, the onewho actually made the picture, was left out.Her name was Rosalind Franklin.” Sheuld have been up there, says historian MaryBowden. ” If her photos hadn t been there, the others couldn t have come up with the structure.One reason Fra

3、nklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholarsdoubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitorsAt Cambridge Uni versity in the 1950s, Wats on and Click tried to make models by cutt ing up s

4、hapes of DNA s parts andthen putting them together. In the meantime, at King College in London, Fran kli n and Wilki ns shone X-rays at themolecule（分子）.The rays produced patter ns reflect ion the shape.But Wilki ns and Franklinfelsti on ship was a lot rockier tha n the celebrated teamwork ofWats on

5、and Crick, Wilk ins thought Fran kli n was hired to be his assista nt .But the college actually employed her to takeover the DNA project.What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Wats on and Crick that one of their early models was in side out. Andshe was not shy about say ing so. That an ge

6、red Wats on, who attacked her in return, “ Mere inspection suggested thatshe would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to goor be put in her place.”As Fran kli n s competitors, Wilk ins, Watsoa nd Crick had much to gain by cutt ing her outof the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir

7、-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkinsthanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Wats on wrote his book laugh ing at her. Crick wrote in 1974that“ Fran kli n was only two stepsaway from the soluti on. ”No, Fran kli n was the soluti on.“ She con tributed more tha

8、n any other player to solvi ng thestructure of DNA . She must be considered a co- discoverer, ” -Aibiisays. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who workedwith Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “ Dark Lady of DNA ” , Fran kli n is fin ally cominginto the light.57. What

9、 is the text mai nly about?A. The disagreeme nts among DNA researchers.B. The un fair treatme nt of Fran kli n.C. The process of discoveri ng DNA.D. The race betwee n two teams of scie ntists.58. Wats on was angry with Fran kli n because she_A. took the lead in the competiti onB. kept her results fr

10、om himC. proved some of his findings wrongD. shared her data with other scie ntists59. Why is Franklin described as “ Dark Lady of DNA ”？A. She developed pictures in dark labs.B. She discovered the black X-the shape of DNA.C. Her n ame was forgotte n after her death.D. Her contribution was unknown t

11、o the public.60. What is the writer s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?A.Disapprovi ng.B. Respectful.C. Admiri ng.D. Doubtful.答案 57.B58.C59.D60.APassage 2（09 重慶 B 篇）How to Be a WinnerSir Steven RedgraveWinner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes 糖尿?。?.Beli

12、eving my career（職業(yè)生涯）was over, I felt extremelylow. Then one of the specialists said there was to no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it -theencouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not say ing that it isn t difficultsometimes. But I wa

13、n ted toprove to myself that I was nt fini shed yet. Noth ing is to sta nd in my way.”Karen PickeringSwimming World ChampionI swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I man age that sort of workload by putt ing it on top of my diary. This is the keyto success-you can follow a career in any field without b

14、eing well-orga ni zed. List what you believe you can achieve. Trustyourself, write dow n your goals for the day, however small they are, and you ll be a stepcloser to achieving them.”Kirsten BestPoet & Writer“ When things are gett ing hard, a voice in side my head tells me that I cang. t achieve

15、 sonThen, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concen trate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot torepeat words such as calm peaceo focus either out loud or sile ntly in my min d. It makes me feel more in con troland in creases my con fide nee. This is a habit that ca

16、n become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological（心理的）tool ”60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mai nly talk about?A. Difficulties in flue need his career.B. Specialists offered him medical advice.C. Training helped him defeat his disease.D. He overcame the shadow of ill ness to win.

17、61. What does Karen Pickeri ng put on top of her diary?A. Her training schedule.B. Her daily happe nin gs.C. Her achieveme nts.D. Her sports career.62.What does the underlined word “distractions ” probably？refer toA. Ways that help one to focus.B. Words that help one to feel less tense.C. Activities

18、 that turn ones attention away.D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?A. Courage.B. Devotion.C. Hard work.D. Self-confidence.答案 60.D 61.A 62.C 63.DPassage 3（09 寧夏、海南 B 篇）Computer programmer David Jones earns $35.000 a year d

19、esigning new computer games. yet he cannot find a bankready to let him have a credit card（信用卡）Instead he has been told to wait another two years until he is 18. The 16-year-oldworks for a small firm in Liverpool where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job David s firm release推

20、出） two new games for the fast growing computer market each monthBut David s biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot he cannot drive a car take outa mortgage （抵押貸款），or get credit cards David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago ,a yearafter le

21、aving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. “I got the job because the people whorun the firm knew Ihad already written some programs ”he said David spends some of his money on records and clothes and gives his mother50 pounds a week But most of his spare time is spent

22、working.“Unfortunately，computing was not part of our studies at school“ he said“But I had bstudying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time I knew what I wanted to do and never considered stayingon at school Most people in this business are fairly young，anyway David added :” I woul

23、d like to earn a million and Isuppose early retiremen 退休）is a possibilityYou never know when the market might disappear.”60In what way is David different from people of his age?AHe often goes out with friendsBHe lives with his motherCHe has a handsome incomeDHe graduated with six O-levels61What is o

24、ne of the problems that David is facing now?AHe is too young to get a credit cardBHe has no time to learn drivingCHe has very little spare timeDHe will soon lose his job62Why was David able to get the job in the company?AHe had done well in all his examsBHe had written some computer programsC. He wa

25、s good at playing computer gamesD. He had learnt to use computers at school63. Why did David decide to leave school and start working?A . He received lots of job offersB. He was eager to help his motherC. He lost interest in school studiesD. He wan ted to earn his own living答案 60.C61.A62.B63.CPassag

26、e 4（09 陜西 B 篇）When people hear a preside nt speak, they seldom think about others help ing to shape the presentation（報告） .Today,however, presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them com mun icate （交流）effectively.Edm onds is the first Africa n America n ever to workas a full-tim

27、e speechwriter for a U. S. preside nt; he is so the first Africa n America n to serve as director of speechwriti ng forWhite House. His is an all-America n story of success.Edm onds grew up in Baltimore, Maryla nd; his father drove a truck, and his mother worked as a waitress. A. greatreader, Edmond

28、s showed a gift for writing at his highSchool, Baltimore City College After graduating in 1967 Edmonds went on to Morgan State Uni versityEdmonds bega n his career in bus in ess, with jobs in public relati ons and com muni cati ons. He joined the world ofpolitics as n ews secretary for his con gress

29、ma n（國會議員） from BaltimoreDuring Bill Cli nto nresidency, he wrote speeches for Health and Huma n ServicesSecretaryDonna Shalala and worked in a number of job in the White House and in governmental departme nts Preside nt Cli nton then appo in ted （任命） him to the office of directory of speechwriti ng

30、 Followi ng the 2000 electio ns Edm onds returned to Morgan State Un iversity as the schoolis special assista nt to the preside nt for 20200245. Which of the follow ing stateme nts is TRUE accord ing to the text?A. Edmonds proved himself to be good at writing at high schoolB. Edm onds graduated from

31、 Morga n State Uni versity in 1967.C. Edmonds was the first full-time speechwriter.D. Edmo nds served the White House after 2000.46. Edm onds en tered the world of politics first as _ .A. n ews secretary for a Con gressma nB. a speechwriter for Preside nt Cli ntonC. n ews secretary in the White Hous

32、eD. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala47. The text is most likely to be found in a book about _.A. popular scie neeB. historical eventsC. successful peopleD, Political systems答案 45.A46.A47.CPassage 5（08 廣東 C 篇）Napoleon,as a character in Tolstoy s War and Peace,is more than once described as

33、having “ fat little han ds. ” Nordoes he “ sit well or firmly on the horse. ” He is said to be “ un dersized,” with “ short legs ” and a “ roundstomach ” .The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy s descriptio n it seems not that far off from historical acco untsbut his choice of facts:other thi

34、ngs that could be said of the man are not said.We are meant to understand the differenceof a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman.Tolstoy s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streetsand putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose and that is the point.It is a way the

35、novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character.And it turns out that,as Tolstoy has it,Napoleon is acrazy man.ln a scene in Book Three of War and Peace,the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receivesa representative from the Tsar（沙 皇） ,who has come with peace terms.Napoleo

36、n is very angry:doesn t he have more army?He,not the Tsar,is the one to make the terms.He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped, “That is what you will havegained by engaging me in the war! ” he shouts.And then,Tolstoy writes,Napoleon “walked silently several times up anddown the room,hi

37、s fat shoulders moving quickly. ”Still later,after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds,Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “ He raisedhis hand to the Russian s.face,” Tolstoy writes,and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently. ” .To have ones ear pulledby the Emperor was considered th

38、e greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “ Well,well,why don t you sayanything? ” said he,as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself,Napoleon.Tolstoy did his research,but the compositi on is his own.51. Tolstoy s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is

39、_ .A. far from the historical factsB. based on the Russia n historyC. based on his select ion of factsD. not related to historical details52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _.A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace termsB. the Tsar s peace terms wer

40、e hard to acceptC. the Russia ns stopped his military moveme ntD. he didn t have any more army to fight with53. What did Napole on expect the Russia n represe ntative to do?A. To walk out of the room in an ger.B. To show agreeme nt with him.C. To say somethi ng about the Tsar.D. To express his admir

41、ati on.54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _ .A. ill-ma nn ered in deali ng with foreig n guestsB. fond of showing off his iron willC. determ ined in destro ying all of EuropeD. crazy for power and respect55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?A. A writer doesn t h

42、ave to be faithful to his findings.B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.C. A writer may not be resp on sible for what he writes.D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.答案 51.B52.C53.B54.A55.BPassage 6（08 山東 C 篇）It was the summer of 1965.DeLuca,then 17,visited Peter Buck,

43、a family friend.Buck asked DeLuca about his plans forthe future. “ I m going to college,but I need a way to pay for it,”DeLuca recalls saying. “ Buck said, You should open a sandwich shop. ”That after noon ,they agreed to be part ners.A nd they set a goal:to ope n 32 stores in ten years.After doing

44、someresearch,Buck wrote a check for $1,000.DeLuca rented a storefront （ 店面） in Connecticut,and when they couldn t covertheir start-up costs,Buck kicked in another $1,000.But bus in ess did n t go smoothly as they expected.DeLuca says, “ After six mon ths,we were doing poorly,but wedidn t know how ba

45、dly,because we didn t have any financial controls. ” All he and Buck knew was that their sales werelower tha n their costs.DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time.Buck was worki ng at hisday job as a n uclear physicist in New York.They d meet Mon day

46、evenings and brain storm ideas for keep ing the bus iness running. “ We convinced ourselves to ope n a second store.We figured we could tell the public, We are sosuccessful,we are opening a second store.And they did in the spring of 1966.Still,it was a lot of learning by trial anderror.But the partn

47、ers learn-as-you go approach turned out to be their greatest strength.Every Friday,DeLuca would drivearound and han d-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers. It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn tnecessary,but as a result,the suppliers got to know me very well,a nd the pers onal r

48、elati on ships established really helpedout, ” DeLuca says.And having a goal was also important. “ There are so many problems that can get you down.You just have to keepworking toward your goal, ” DeLuca adds.DeLuca en ded up founding Subway San dwich,the multimilli on-dollar restaura nt cha in.67.

49、DeLuca ope ned the first san dwich shop in order to_ .A. support his familyB. pay for his college educati onC. help his partner expa nd bus in essD. do some research68. Which of the followi ng is true of Buck?A. He put money into the san dwich bus in ess.B. He was a professor of bus in ess adm ini s

50、trati on.C. He was study ing at the Uni versity of Bridgeport.D. He ren ted a storefr ont for DeLuca.69. What can we lear n about their first shop?A. It stood at an un favorable place.B. I t lowered the prices to promote sales.C. It made no profits due to poor man ageme nt.D. It lacked con trol over

51、 the quality of san dwiches.70. They decided to ope n a sec ond store because they_A.had eno ugh money to do itB. had succeeded in their bus in essC. wished to meet the in creas ing dema nd of customersD. wa nted to make believe that they were successful71. What con tributes most to their success ac

52、cord ing to the author?A.Lear ning by trial and error.B.Mak ing friends with suppliers.C.Finding a good part ner.D.Ope ning cha in stores.答案 67.B68.A69.C70.D71.APassage 7（08 山東 D 篇）Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment by writi ng a letter to the the nPresid

53、e nt Bush.Through her own efforts,her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated billboards （廣告牌）across thecountry.The resp onse to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Clea ner Environment （KidsF.A.C.E.） in 1989.There are now 300,000 members of Kids F.A.C.E. worldwide and

54、 it is the world s largest youthenvironmental organization.Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a “ Children s Forest” project in every n ati onal park .In1992,she was in vited as one of only six childre n in the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the Voices

55、 ofthe Future Program.ln 1993,she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the Caring Institute.Since the organization started,Kids F.A.C.E.members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees!Ongoingtree-planting projects include Kid s Yards the creation of backyard wildlife habitats（棲息地）an

56、d now Kids F.A.C.E.isinvolved in the exciting Earth Odyssey,which is a great way to start help ing.“ Starting the club turned out to be a way to help people get involved with the environment.Club members starteddoing things like recycling,picking up litter and planting trees as well as in vit ing ot

57、her kids to join their club. ”“ We try to tell kids that it s not OK to be lazy, ” she explains. “ You need to start being a resp on sible,e nviro nmentally frien dly pers on no w,right away,before you become a resource-sucking adult. ”72. Kids F.A.C.E.is_ .A. a program to help stude nts with writ i

58、ngB. a project of litter recycli ngC. a campaig n laun ched by Preside nt BushD. a club of environmen tal protect ion73. What can we learn about Poe?A. She was awarded a prize in Brazil.B. She don ated billboards across the coun try.C. She got positive resp on ses for her efforts.D. She joi ned the

59、Natio nal Park Service.74. Kid s Yards is_A.established in a n atio nal parkB.started to protect wildlifeC.a wildlife-raisi ng projectD.a n en terta inment park for kids75. Which of the follow ing can be in ferred from the text?A. Adults are resource-suck ing people.B. Poe sought help from a youth o

60、rga ni zati on.C. Kids F.A.C.E.members are from the U.S.D. Kids are urged to save n atural resources.答案 72.D73.C74.B75.DPassage 8（08 江西 C 篇）Topping the class academically was certainly an advantage. Studying was a breeze for Nigel . The reward was certain ly in comparable to the little effort that he h