MPI-2011-03-09_540306190

1、計(jì)算科學(xué)與工程中的并行編程技術(shù)Parallel Programming Technology in Computational Science and Engineering 都志輝清華大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)系 Email ： Phone: 62782530http:/ main(int argc, char* agrv)nnint curid, recvid, sendid, procsNum, msgsize;nchar* sendmsg;nchar* recvmsg;nnMPI_Status status;nnMPI_Init(&argc, &argv);nMPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COM

2、M_WORLD, &curid);nsendmsg = SetMsg(&msgsize, curid);nrecvmsg = (char*)malloc(msgsize);nMPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &procsNum);nfor(int i = 0; i prcsNum; i +)nnif ( i = curid )nnsendid = (i + argc) % procsNum;nrecvid = (i - argc + procsNum) % procsNum;nMPI_Send(sendmsg, msgsize, MPI_CHAR, sendid, 1

3、00, MPI_COMM_WORLD);nMPI_Recv(recvmsg, msgsize, MPI_CHAR, recvid, 100, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);nif ( recvmsg0 != 0)nprintf(進(jìn)程%d發(fā)送消息%s給進(jìn)程%d, recvid, recvmsg, curid);nnnMPI_Finalize();nreturn 0;n作業(yè)實(shí)例n#include mpi.hn#include n#include nvoid main(argc,argv)nint argc;char* argv;nnint N,K,myid;nint sendi

4、d,dest;nchar* data=(char*)malloc(25*sizeof(char);nint i=8,n;nstrcpy(data,hello!);nn=strlen(data);nitoa(i,temp,1);ndatan=*temp;ndatan+1=0;nK=(int)argv1;nMPI_Status status;nMPI_Init(&argc,&argv);nMPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&N);nMPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&myid);nndest=(myid+K)%N;nMPI_Send(data,1,M

5、PI_INT,dest,100,MPI_COMM_WORLD);nMPI_Recv(data,1,MPI_INT,MPI_ANY_SOURCE,100,MPI_COMM_WORLD,&status);nprintf(進(jìn)程d發(fā)送消息s給進(jìn)程d,(int)data18,data,myid);nMPI_Finalize();n作業(yè)實(shí)例n#include mpi.hn#include n#include nconst int K=1;nint main(int argc,char *argv)nint id,size;nMPI_Status status;nchar message50;nMPI_In

6、it(&argc,&argv);nMPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&id);nMPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&size);nsprintf(message,HELLO！My rank is %d,id);nMPI_Send(message,strlen(message)+1,MPI_CHAR,(id+K)%size,0,MPI_COMM_WORLD);nMPI_Recv(message,50,MPI_CHAR,(id-K+size)%size,0,MPI_COMM_WORLD,&status);nfprintf(stderr,進(jìn)程%d發(fā)送消

7、息%s給進(jìn)程%dn,(id-K+size)%size,message,id);nMPI_Finalize();nMPICH簡(jiǎn)介/mpi/mpich1/n完成者nArgonne National LaboratorynMississippi State Universityn最廣泛使用的一個(gè)MPI實(shí)現(xiàn)版本n目前發(fā)展與MPI-1同步發(fā)展支持MPI-2(MPICH2)基于Linux系統(tǒng)的MPICHnMPICH包的獲取n/mpi/mpich1/download.htmln安裝n解壓： tar zxv

8、f mpich.tar.gznRedhat 完全安裝n配置和編譯：cd mpich；./configure；make; make installn設(shè)置路徑： 將 mpich/bin 加入缺省查找路徑基于Linux系統(tǒng)的MPICH（續(xù)） 目錄結(jié)構(gòu)mpich/bin 可執(zhí)行腳本mpich/doc 文檔mpich/examples 例子mpich/include 頭文件mpich/lib 庫(kù)mpich/man 參考手冊(cè)mpich/www 參考手冊(cè) 不同版本的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)是不同的 基于Linux系統(tǒng)的MPICH（續(xù)）MPI程序的編譯MPI編譯器與本地編譯器的關(guān)系調(diào)用與包含關(guān)系mpiCC/mpicc/mpi

9、f77/mpif90C+/C/F77/F90-mpilog/-mpitrace 產(chǎn)生LOG或跟蹤文件-mpianim 產(chǎn)生實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)畫-show 顯示編譯時(shí)產(chǎn)生的命令，但并不執(zhí)行-help 給出幫助信息-echo 顯示出當(dāng)前正在編譯聯(lián)接的命令信息mpiCC/mpicc/mpif77/mpif90 -o test test.cc/c/f/f90基于Linux系統(tǒng)的MPICH（續(xù)）n建立MPI程序運(yùn)行所必需的信任機(jī)制n為什么要建立信任機(jī)制？n如何建立信任機(jī)制？n通過(guò)/etc/hosts.equiv文件建立信任機(jī)制n依次列出所信任的機(jī)器名或IP地址n例子1，例子2n通過(guò).rhosts文件建立信任機(jī)制n依

10、次列出機(jī)器名及其相應(yīng)的帳戶n例子基于Linux系統(tǒng)的MPICH（續(xù)）n文件準(zhǔn)備n需要哪些文件？n如何準(zhǔn)備？n復(fù)制可執(zhí)行程序和相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)n將可執(zhí)行程序和所需要的數(shù)據(jù)文件拷貝到指定機(jī)器的指定位置nrcp cpi tp1:/home/mpi/mpich/examples/basic/.nrcp 源 目 源/目 機(jī)器名：路徑n問題n是否一定要拷貝文件？基于Linux系統(tǒng)的MPICH（續(xù)）nMPI程序的執(zhí)行n使用缺省配置文件 mpirun -np N executive_file 缺省配置文件，使用缺省路徑n使用指定配置文件 mpirun -p4pg confile executive_file 使用指定

11、機(jī)器指定賬戶指定路徑下的指定文件nmpirun machinefile mf executive_file 指定配置文件，使用缺省路徑n幫助命令 mpiman基于Linux系統(tǒng)的MPICH（續(xù)）n例子cd mpich/examples/basicmake cpimpirun -np 4 cpi使用mpich/util/machines/machine.LINUX作為配置文件或者mpirun -p4pg confile cpi基于Linux系統(tǒng)的MPICH（續(xù)）n配置文件confile為myhost 0 mpich/examples/basic/cpimyhost 1 mpich/example

12、s/basic/cpimyhost 1 mpich/examples/basic/cpimyhost 1 mpich/examples/basic/cpi用一臺(tái)機(jī)器模擬四臺(tái)機(jī)器運(yùn)行基于WINDOWS系統(tǒng)的MPICHn下載/pub/mpi/nt/mpich.nt.1.X.X.X.all.zip/pub/mpi/nt/mpich.nt.1.X.X.zipn解壓并安裝（WIN2000）解壓zip文件setupc:Program FilesMPICHn編譯MPI程序頭文件：mpi.h/mpif.h庫(kù) : ws2_32.li

13、b mpich.lib pmpich.lib romio.lib基于WINDOWS系統(tǒng)的MPICH（續(xù)）n配置與運(yùn)行缺省配置MPIRun -np N executive_fileC:Program FilesMPICHmpdbin用MPIConfig進(jìn)行配置，選取參加計(jì)算的機(jī)器 C:Program FilesMPICHmpdbin 指定配置MPIRun configfile配置文件的寫法用MPIRegister進(jìn)行注冊(cè)（類似于Linux環(huán)境下的放權(quán)）基于NT系統(tǒng)的MPICH（續(xù)）n例子MPIRun -np 4 cpiMPIRun -localonly 4 cpi使用配置文件MPIRun con

14、file exe c:mpintcpi.exe hosts NT01 4基于Windows系統(tǒng)的MPICHn下載/mpi/mpich/download.html/pub/mpi/nt/mpich.nt.1.X.X.X.all.zip/pub/mpi/nt/mpich.nt.1.X.X.zipn解壓并安裝（WIN2000,XP）解壓zip文件setupc:Program FilesMPICHn編譯MPI程序頭文件：mpi.h/mpif.h庫(kù) : ws2_32.lib mpich.lib

15、pmpich.lib romio.libcreating a new MPICH project with MS Developer Studio 61.Open MS Developer Studio - Visual C+ 2.Create a new project with whatever name you want in whatever directory you want. The easiest one is a Win32 console application with no files in it.creating a new MPICH project with MS

16、 Developer Studio 63.Finish the new project wizard. 4.Go to Project-Settings or hit Alt F7 to bring up the project settings dialog box. 5.Change the settings to use the multithreaded libraries. Change the settings for both Debug and Release targets.creating a new MPICH project with MS Developer Stud

17、io 66.Set the include path for all target configurations: This should be MPICHSDKincludecreating a new MPICH project with MS Developer Studio 67.Set the lib path for all target configurations: This should be MPICHSDKlibcreating a new MPICH project with MS Developer Studio 68.Add the ws2_32.lib libra

18、ry to all configurations (This is the Microsoft Winsock2 library. Its in your default library path).Add mpich.lib to the release target and mpichd.lib to the debug target.creating a new MPICH project with MS Developer Studio 69.Close the project settings dialog box. 10.Add your source files to the p

19、roject11.Build LAM-MPI/a high-performance, freely available, open source implementation of the MPI standard that is researched, developed, and maintained at the Open Systems Lab at Indiana University.LAM 7.1.1 Release nPlatform:nAIX nIRIX nLinux nMac OS X nOpenBSD nSolaris nMicr

20、osoft Windows (Cygwin) LAM的安裝nshell$ gunzip -c lam-7.1.tar.gz | tar xf nshell$ cd lam-7.1# Set the desired C, C+, and Fortran compilers, unless using the GNU compilers is sufficient# (this example assumes a Bourne-like shell)nshell$ CC=ccnshell$ CXX=CCnshell$ FC=f77nshell$ export CC CXX FCnshell$ ./

21、configure -prefix=/directory/to/install/innshell$ makenshell$ make installn# The following step is optional. Ensure that $prefix/bin is in in your $path so that LAMs newly-created mpicc can be found before running this step.nshell$ make examplesLAM/MPIn啟動(dòng)LAM環(huán)境n執(zhí)行LAM的結(jié)點(diǎn)配置文件列表 “boot schema”, “hostfile

22、”, or “machinefile.”shell$ cat lamhosts cpu=4 the number of CPUs specified here has no correlation to the physicial number of CPUs in the machinenThe recon tool verifies that the cluster is bootable: shell$ recon -v lamhostsnThe lamboot tool actually starts LAM on the specified cluster. % lamboot -v

23、 lamhosts 檢查問題nWhich mpirunMpirun 命令nshell$ mpirun C hello在所有可得的CPU上運(yùn)行hello（SMP）nshell$ mpirun N hello每個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)運(yùn)行一個(gè)hellonshell$ mpirun -np 4 hello順序選擇的4個(gè)CPU上運(yùn)行helloLAM MPIn用配置文件運(yùn)行shell$ mpirun -v appfile c0 manager C worker starts a manager process on c0, and also starts a worker process on all CPUs that LAM was booted on c0 manager c1-8 worker 查看與終止n查看MPI應(yīng)用shell$ m