TPO句子簡(jiǎn)化題全集_翻譯答案版

1、OGApplied Artsand Fine ArtsSince the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.翻譯原文：由于物理法則并不是隨意武斷的抉擇，它決定了應(yīng)用藝術(shù)品的總體形式，它們?nèi)绱俗裱緲邮揭灾劣诠δ苄问街挥邢薅ǖ膸追N變化

2、句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：since, only2. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by t

3、he laws of physics.The function (general form) of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics. Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form. 邏輯關(guān)系不對(duì)The general form of applied-art obj

4、ects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics. The Originsof CetaceansThe structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing.翻譯原文：然而脊椎骨的結(jié)構(gòu)表明A

5、mbulocetus，盡管沒(méi)有fluke，像現(xiàn)代鯨魚(yú)一樣通過(guò)使后半部分身體上下運(yùn)動(dòng)游泳。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：even though10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Even though Ambulocetus swam b

6、y moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone. 邏輯有問(wèn)題The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.By moving the rear parts of their bodies up an

7、d down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.Desert FormationThe extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.翻譯原文

8、：沙漠化的極端嚴(yán)重性源于大片的土地、大量受災(zāi)人口以及逆轉(zhuǎn)甚至只是減緩這一進(jìn)程的難度。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：results from10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. Desertification is a signific

9、ant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land. 漏平行信息The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem tha

10、t can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort. 沒(méi)說(shuō)過(guò)Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.沒(méi)說(shuō)過(guò)Early CinemaHe refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold

11、projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.翻譯原文：他拒絕發(fā)展投影技術(shù)，因?yàn)槿绻谱鞑N售投影儀，展覽者們就只會(huì)從他這里買一種機(jī)器即投影機(jī)而不是幾種機(jī)器句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：only3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence from the passage?Incorrect answ

12、er choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines than in developing a technology based on only one.Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did not think exhibitors would replace their

13、projectors with newer machines.Edison did not want to develop projection technology because it limited the number of machines he could sell.Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors agreed to purchase more than one projector from him.AggressionFor example, people who believe t

14、hat aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.翻譯原文：比如，那些認(rèn)為侵略行為是必要且公正的就如在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期一半的人表現(xiàn)得更有

15、侵略性；而那些認(rèn)為特定戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或侵略行為不公正的人表現(xiàn)得沒(méi)那么有侵略性。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：Whereas8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.People who believe that they are fight

16、ing a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not.People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and

17、 justified may act aggressively during wartime.People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime.Artisansand IndustrializationApprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their appren

18、tices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior.翻譯原文：學(xué)徒被認(rèn)為是家庭中的一份子，師父不止對(duì)教導(dǎo)學(xué)徒技能負(fù)責(zé)，同時(shí)也對(duì)給他們提供一些教育和監(jiān)督他們思想品德負(fù)責(zé)。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：not only but also2. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Inc

19、orrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.Masters preferred to maintain t

20、he trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members. 邏輯問(wèn)題Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.Swimming MachinesOne potential problem is that opening the mouth to breathe detracts from the streamlining of these fis

21、hes and tends to slow them down.翻譯原文：一個(gè)潛在的問(wèn)題是張嘴呼吸使魚(yú)不再是流線型，從而使它們變慢。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：7. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.These fishes

22、 often have a problem opening their mouths while swimming. The streamlining of these fishes prevents them from slowing down. 主旨是opening the mouth而不是streamliningThe streamlining of these fishes tends to slow down their breathing. Opening the mouth to breathe can reduce the speed of these fishes.Ninet

23、eenth-Century Politicsinthe United StatesThe Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.翻譯原文：輝格黨在鄉(xiāng)村、城市以及完全并入市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)

24、的農(nóng)村占統(tǒng)治地位；而民主黨則在經(jīng)濟(jì)上被孤立和衰弱的半自給自足牧場(chǎng)農(nóng)業(yè)的地區(qū)占主導(dǎo)地位。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：whereas11. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Whigs were able to attract support

25、only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' contr

26、ol of the market economy.The Democrats' power was greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.Geology and LandscapeHills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome of permanence, successfully resisting the destructive f

27、orces of nature, but in fact they tend to be relatively short-lived in geological terms.翻譯原文：山丘和山脈被視作永恒的象征，因?yàn)樗麄兂晒Φ謸趿藖?lái)自自然地毀滅性力量，但實(shí)際上他們?cè)诘刭|(zhì)學(xué)角度上被視作相對(duì)短暫。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：but9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change

28、the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.When they are relatively young, hills and mountains successfully resist the destructive forces of nature.Although they seem permanent, hills and mountains exist for a relatively short period of geological time.Hills and mountains succe

29、ssfully resist the destructive forces of nature, but only for a short time.Hills and mountains resist the destructive forces of nature better than other types of landforms.TPO-1GroundwaterIf the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will

30、 drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.翻譯原文：如果孔很大，其中的水就會(huì)由于表面張力太難承受液滴重量而流走；而如果孔足夠小，其中的水就會(huì)由于表面張力過(guò)大無(wú)法以薄膜的形式克服這個(gè)力，就會(huì)被牢牢地hold住。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：but12. W

31、hich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it st

32、rong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores.Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension.Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy dro

33、ps or as a thin film.If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist.The Originsof TheaterFor example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their

34、well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.翻譯原文：比如，一些早期社會(huì)不再認(rèn)為宗教儀式對(duì)他們的好日子是重要的并且拋棄了它們，然而，他們也保存了一些與宗教儀式一同成長(zhǎng)的口頭上關(guān)于神話的傳統(tǒng)并且

35、因?yàn)樗鼈兯囆g(shù)上的品質(zhì)而非它們的宗教作用而欣賞它們。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：nevertheless12. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A societys rites were more likely to be retaine

36、d in the oral tradition if its myths were admired for artistic qualities.The artistic quality of a myth was sometimes an essential reason for a society to abandon it from the oral tradition.Some early societies stopped using myths in their religious practices when rites ceased to be seen as useful f

37、or social well-being.Myths sometimes survived in a societys tradition because of their artistic qualities even after they were no longer deemed religiously beneficial.Timberline Vegetationon MountainsWind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made eviden

38、t by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.  翻譯原文：風(fēng)速也隨這高度增加并可能對(duì)樹(shù)木產(chǎn)生巨大的壓力，正如在高處畸形的形狀所顯示的那樣。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：9. Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential inf

39、ormation.Because of their deformed shapes at high altitudes, trees are not likely to be seriously harmed by the strong winds typical of those altitudes.As altitude increases, the velocity of winds increase, leading to a serious decrease in the number of trees found at high altitudes.The deformed sha

40、pes of trees at high altitudes show that wind velocity, which increase with altitude, can cause serious hardship for trees.Increased wind velocity at high altitudes deforms the shapes of trees, and this may cause serious stress for trees. 反了TPO-3ArchitectureIn order for the structure to achieve the

41、size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered themeven while building materials have changed dramatically.翻譯原文：為了結(jié)構(gòu)能夠到達(dá)可達(dá)到目的的大小和強(qiáng)度，建筑使用方法來(lái)支撐它，因?yàn)樗鼈兓谖锢矸▌t，自人類發(fā)現(xiàn)它們

42、以來(lái)就沒(méi)怎么變化過(guò)，盡管建筑的材料已經(jīng)變了很多。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：in order to because even4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Unchanging physical laws have limited

43、 the size and strength of buildings that can be made with materials discovered long ago.Building materials have changed in order to increase architectural size and strength, but physical laws of structure have not changed.When people first started to build, the structural methods used to provide str

44、ength and size were inadequate because they were not based on physical laws.Unlike building materials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed over time because they are based on physical laws.Depletion of the Ogallala AquiferEstimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough w

45、ater to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.翻譯原文：估計(jì)指出含水層包含了足以填滿huron湖的水，但不幸的是在現(xiàn)在存在于該地區(qū)的半干旱氣候條件下，含水層增加的速度被最小化了，大概半厘米一年。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：but3. Whi

46、ch of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the regions climate keeps the rates of

47、 water addition very small.Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.Because of the regions present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.Even when the region exp

48、eriences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue to increase.The Long-Term Stability of EcosystemsMany ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environme

49、nt that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform.翻譯原文：許多生態(tài)學(xué)家現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為極點(diǎn)社區(qū)相對(duì)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的穩(wěn)定性并不是來(lái)自于環(huán)境的多樣性而是“不規(guī)則性”，各處都不同的一個(gè)環(huán)境比各處都相同的環(huán)境相比能承受更多生物。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：more11Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the

50、 passage? Incurred choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness.Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity.Unif

51、orm environments cannot be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments.A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms.Online TestOpportunists and CompetitorsThese plants are termed o

52、pportunists because they rely on their seeds falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy.翻譯原文：這些植物被視作投機(jī)主義者因?yàn)樗鼈円蕾囉诜N子掉在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)植物被自然進(jìn)程移走的環(huán)境，比如沿著一條被侵蝕的河堤、在滑坡

53、、或者一棵樹(shù)倒下時(shí)產(chǎn)生的森林樹(shù)冠的溝。句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：because6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Because their seeds grow in places where competing plants a

54、re no longer present, dandelions are classified as opportunists.Dandelions are called opportunists because they contribute to the natural processes of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forest canopy. The term opportunists apply to plants whose seeds fall in places where they can compete with t

55、he seeds of other plants. The term opportunists apply to plants whose falling seeds are removed by natural processes. Electricity from WindLarge wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns of migratory birds in certain areas, and they have killed large birds of prey (especially hawks, f

56、alcons, and eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines.翻譯原文：大的風(fēng)力電廠可能會(huì)影響在一定區(qū)域內(nèi)遷徙鳥(niǎo)類的飛行軌道，它們干掉了與在相同對(duì)于風(fēng)力渦輪十分理想的山脊航線相同線路上捕食的大的捕食鳥(niǎo)類（尤其是禿鷹、獵鷹、老鷹）句子邏輯關(guān)系詞：8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the p

57、assage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Hawks, falcons, and eagles prefer to hunt along ridge lines, where wind turbines can kill large numbers of migratory birds. Wind turbines occasionally cause migratory birds to change their flight patter

58、ns and therefore may interfere with the areas where birds of prey prefer to hunt. Some of the best locations for large wind farms are places that may cause problems for migrating birds and birds of prey.Large wind farms in certain areas kill hawks, falcons, and eagles and thus might create a more ideal path for the flight of migratory birds. TPO-4Deer Populations of the Puget SoundIn addition to finding an increase of suitable b