名從要點復(fù)習(xí)2016

1、16藝術(shù)班 名詞性從句 考點復(fù)習(xí)（2016）I. 認(rèn)識名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：引導(dǎo)詞-從句, 主句 或 主句 +引導(dǎo)詞-從句名詞性從句的共性:1.除that外，連接詞均有各自的意思。 2. 均為陳述句詞序。3. that引導(dǎo)賓從可省略，連接詞均不可省略。但：如果有多個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，第一個賓從的that可省略，其余的that就不可省略。

2、He told me (that) he would leave for China next month, and that he would meet with his former 賓從1 賓從2friends there then.II. 認(rèn)識名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞： (一)連接代詞that無具體意思不充當(dāng)成分who=the one who-定從 / those who 定從的人、誰作主語whom 作賓語whose誰的作定語what=something/all that 定從的(事)作主、賓語which哪個作主、賓語連接副詞where=the place where 定從之處、的地方作地點

3、狀語when=the time when 定從之時、的時候作時間狀語how 怎樣、如何作方式狀語why為何作原因狀語whether/if是否作狀語 (二) 疑問詞-ever含義句中成分連接代詞who=the one who/ those who的人作主語whoever=anyone who 無論的人whom 作賓語whomever=anyone whom無論的人what=something/all that的(事)作主、賓語whatever=anything that無論的(事)which哪個作主、賓語whichever=anyone that無論哪個連接副詞where=the place w

4、here之處、的地方作地點狀語wherever=any place where無論何地when=the time when之時、的時候作時間狀語whenever=any time when無論何時how怎樣、如何作方式狀語however=any way that無論怎樣判斷下列各句哪句含有名詞性從句，指出是什么從句,并譯成中文：1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arr

5、ived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he underst

6、ood what he was talking about. 9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.11. That they failed the entrance examination made all of their parents surprised.12. They told their parents that they failed the entrance examination.13.

7、 The result is that they failed the entrance examination. 14. The news that they failed the entrance examination surprised their parents.III. 如何區(qū)分引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的what, that。這是最?？嫉闹R之一。一、在名詞性從句中，what根據(jù)情況不同，可能有兩方面的用法和意思：1用作連接代詞，表示“什么”（由疑問詞變來）：I dont know what he gave her我不知道他給了她什么。What he will say at the meet

8、ing is not known to us他在會上將說些什么，我們還不知道。2表示“所的（東西）”，在結(jié)構(gòu)上相當(dāng)于一個名詞加一個定語從句（所以有人稱這樣用的what為關(guān)系代詞型的what）：把你買的東西拿給我看。Show me what you boughtShow me the thing that you bought這是他想要的東西。This is what he wantsThis is the thing that he wants我們需要的是錢。What we need is moneyThe thing that we need is money二、what引導(dǎo)名詞從句時，它有

9、詞義（表示：什么；所的東西），在從句中通常當(dāng)主、賓、表，不可省略；而that引導(dǎo)名詞從句時，它沒有詞義，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，引導(dǎo)單個賓從時可省略。-I think _ he needs is more practice- Yes_ he needs more practice is clear請做以下試題，注意區(qū)別what和that：1 _ you said is different from the thing _ he told us2I think he said is true But dont forget the fact _ he is a cheat3. _ surprised

10、 us most is _ he spoke English so well4. _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone presentAWhat BThe CIf DWhether三、關(guān)于what、which、that：1. what、which、that引導(dǎo)名從，what= n./ pron. + that/which-定從，意為：.的；which引導(dǎo)名從, 意為：哪個/那個；that引導(dǎo)名從, 本身無具體意思。2. what不可引導(dǎo)定從，which、that引導(dǎo)定從時，前面必須有先行詞。改錯：1. Whenever he meets me

11、, he gives me a warm greeting, what is often case.2. This is all what he told me.3. At last, we got to the place where the novel described.4. At last, we got to which they visited last week.IV. that ,whether, if 在名詞從句中的使用情況1that 參閱上一點。 I know nothing of him except that he is from Henan.(介詞后賓從中的that不

12、可省)2. whether ,if “是否”，引導(dǎo)賓語從句中可換用，但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中不可用if。但注意在賓語從句中不能用if 的情況： It all depends on whether they will support us. (從句作介詞賓語時不可用if) He doesnt know whether to stay or not.（后直接跟不定式時，不能用if） Please let me know if you like it.(這句是有雙重意思的，如果視為賓語從句，就應(yīng)換為whether.否則就引起歧義。3. 關(guān)于whether和that：兩者都可引導(dǎo)主語從句，

13、其區(qū)別主要應(yīng)從句意來考慮：whether表示“是否”，由它引導(dǎo)的主語從句的意思通常是不確定的；that引導(dǎo)主語從句時，本身沒有詞義（that 在其它名詞性從句中也沒有詞義），但是由that引導(dǎo)的整個主語從句的意思通常是確定的。試比較：1aThat well hold a meeting is decided我們要召開一次會議，這已決定了。 bWhether well hold a meeting is not decided我們是否要開一個會，這還沒有決定。2aThat he has left here is clear他已離開了這兒，這點很清楚。 bWhether he has left h

14、ere is not clear他是否已離開這兒，這還不清楚。3aThat he can finish it in two hours is clear bwhether he can finish it in two hours is a questionV在主語從句中it 的使用That he will come to the party is certain。表意上并沒有錯誤，但實際上并不太符合用語習(xí)慣，因此采用it 作形式主語，使句式平衡。It is certain that he will come to the party.用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：

15、a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that 重要的是It is obvious that 很明顯b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句It is believed that人們相信It is known to all that從所周知It has been decided that 已決定此句型中， 如果主語是sth./sb.,必須是：sth./sb. be + -ed 分詞+ to do/be doing/ have doneIt is said that he keeps a p

16、et. - He is said to keep a pet.試一試：把各句改成：sth./sb. be + -ed 分詞+ to do/be doing/ have done1.It is believed that the secret will be exposed.2.It is reported that his novel has been translated into several languages.3.It is told that he is doing an important experiment.c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句It is commo

17、n knowledge that 是常識It is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實是d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起同樣道理，it 也可用作形式賓語。VI. 強調(diào)句中的it和that:1. 強調(diào)句：It is/was + 被強調(diào)部分 + that + 句子的其他部分強調(diào)人：It is/was + 被強調(diào)部分(人) + who/ that + 句子的其他部分 “正是.”2. 強調(diào)句中的考點及難點：對“疑問詞”的

18、強調(diào)： 疑問詞 + is/was + it + that +句子的其他部分(用陳述句詞序) Who are you waiting for?(特殊問句) 對who強調(diào)，你正等的正是誰：Who are you waiting for?- Who is it that you are waiting for?3. 與其他帶it的句型的區(qū)別： 如果把“it is/was that”去掉，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、意思完整，是“強調(diào)句”；如果不完整則可能是其他的句型，不能用that,而要用相應(yīng)的連詞。 It was at 8, pm that he came back. (強調(diào)句) 他正是在下午8點回來了。 It

19、was 8, pm when he came back. (復(fù)合句) 他回來時，是下午8點。 常見的其他非強調(diào)句的帶it的句型及區(qū)別點： 1) It was + 點時間 + when/after+時間狀從(用一般過去時) (主從句時態(tài)同步) 2) It was + 段時間 + before +時間狀從(用一般過去時) (主從句時態(tài)同步)It will be + 段時間 + before +時間狀從 (用一般現(xiàn)在時) (主從句時態(tài)同步，主將從現(xiàn)) 3) It is/has been + 段時間 + since +時間狀從 (主句：用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時；從句：一般過去時) 4) It was

20、+時間狀語 + that + 句子的其他部分 (主從句時態(tài)同步)填入正確的詞：1. It was 2 p.m. _he came back.2. It was at 2 p.m. _ he came back.3. It is 2 hours _he came back.4. It wasnt until 2 p.m. _ he came back.5. It will be 2 hours _ he comes back.6. It wasnt 2 hours _ he came back.VI. 賓語從句中的情況1）時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)問題。通常情況下，賓從的時態(tài)必須與主句的時態(tài)保持一致。最主要的是

21、： 主句是過去時，賓從的時態(tài)應(yīng)用“過去的時態(tài)”。2）特殊句式：動詞suggest, insist, demand, order ,request, require等引起的從句需用虛擬句式主語+should +原形動詞,should也可省。He suggested that we should pay a visit to that town.(建議)但注意：What he said suggested that he had known the truth.(表明)同樣，insistHe insisted that we do it at once.(堅持要做)He insisted that

22、 he had done nothing wrong.(堅持說一種事實)3) wish 引起從句時, 從句中時態(tài)常轉(zhuǎn)為“過去”的時態(tài)。即：虛擬現(xiàn)在，用一般過去時；虛擬過去，用過去完成時。I wish that there were no examinations in school.How he wishes he had worked hard in junior middle school!VII. 幾個常用的句型：1. The reason why-從句 is/was that-表從2. It is well known to sb. that-主從3. What is well kno

23、wn to sb. is that-表從4. As is well known (to sb.) , 主句 定從VIII. whatever與no matter what1引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（只用whatever）：無論他做什么都是對的。正：Whatever he did was right 誤：No matter what he did was right山羊找到什么就吃什么。正：Goats eat whatever they find 誤：Goats eat no matter what they find2引導(dǎo)狀語從句（兩者可換用）：無論你說什么，我都不會相信你。正：Whatever you

24、 say，I wont believe you正：No matter what you say，I wont believe you無論發(fā)生什么，都要保持鎮(zhèn)定。正：Keep calm，whatever happens正：Keep calm，no matter what happens相關(guān)練習(xí)第一部分：填入適當(dāng)?shù)你暯釉~第一組：1. It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 2. The best moment for the football star was _ he sc

25、ored the winning goal.3. Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 4. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing_ youre afraid to do.5. As John Lennon once said，life is_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.6. What a mess! You are always

26、so lazy!Im not to blame, mum. I am_ you have made me.7. Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 8. _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.9. Grandpa pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats _ I was born.”10. I think _ imp

27、resses me about his painting is the colours _ he uses.11. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me.12. Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite university. 第二組：1. Po

28、lice have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.2. _ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.3. _struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.4. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. 5. It remains to be seen _ the newly formed c

29、ommittees policy can be put into practice.6. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 7. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 8. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than a

30、nyone else on the sports field.9. you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.10. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.11. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.第二部分：單句改錯（名從常見錯誤）1. Iron(鐵) i

31、s a good conductor(導(dǎo)體) is known to us all .2. I must make it clear I am not at all pleased about your delay.3. I asked him that how he had solved the problem.4. That he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.5. The news came which our football team won.6. She showed me two necklaces and ask

32、ed what I would like to take.7. If we ought to go is still a question.8. It all depends on if or not I got a good grade.9. We dont doubt whether he can do a good job.10. The reason why I fell asleep so quickly is because I was tired.11. No matter who the guest is must be treated as a VIP.12. Where d

33、id they hold the important meeting is unknown to us all.13. When do you know did I happened to come across him on the street?14. He wondered if he will ever see them again.15. The physics teacher told us the earth went around the sun.16. I realized that what he was doing those things just because he

34、 admired me.第三部分：短文填詞閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞 There was an accident on the corner of the Roman Street this morning. No witness saw 1._ on earth happened then. A car crashed into a truck but luckily, no one got injured. 2._ will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police are

35、uncertain about the cause that led to the accident. The truck driver looked as if he was guilty. He was too nervous to say a word. 3._ the police would do is to figure out the truth. They said it was difficult for them to judge 4._ exactly should be to blame. 5._ this happened was still not clear. I

36、t was certain 6._ the car driver was too tired to stop the car immediately. The car drive didnt admit the fact 7._ he was over-speed driving at the turning. The police doubted 8._ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.2016 名詞性從句 專項練習(xí) 答案判斷下列各句哪句含有名詞性從句，并指出是什么從句：1. China is

37、 no longer what it used to be. 表語從句2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.同位語從句3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.狀語從句4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 主語從句5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 同位語從句6. The