高級漢英翻譯第三單元 如何提高漢英翻譯能力

1、The Semiotic Perspective of Chinese-English TranslationHow to Develop the Competence of Chinese-English TranslationDream Young一. overcome the Obstacle of Understanding Many people think that the most difficult thing of translation from English to Chinese is the problem of understanding, while for tr

2、anslation from Chinese to English, expression is the most important. Actually, express mistakes in Chinese- English translation always because of the misunderstanding E.g 摸著石頭過河Question: 過河是乘船過(crossing by boat)還是淌水過(wading across)，動詞用什么形式？這里的河是大河、中河還是小河 (river， stream，brook， etc.)？摸的方式是用手摸還是用腳觸？石頭是

3、大石頭還是小石頭(rock， stone. Pebble，etc.)Three different versions:learning by experiment / by trial anderror(意譯)wading across the stream by feeling the way（直譯+意譯）crossing the river by feeling the stones（直譯）The meaning of the equivalent between Chinese and English is not the same or not completely the same,

4、 it cannot be translated literallyE.g 他的英語說得真好，就像外國人一樣。He speaks English so well， he sounds like a foreigner. He speaks English so well， he sounds like a native speaker.二. overcome the Obstacle of Expressionthe Obstacle of Expression always reflected in grammar, collocation, the semantic misplacemen

5、t語義錯位, culture-loaded words and expressions , logical relationship, and style.There are some different version:（1） Outlaws of the Marsh （沼澤的不法之徒（2） Water Margin （水邊緣）；（3） All Men Are Brothers （皆兄弟）；（4） The Marshes of Mount Liang （梁山沼澤）對于上述幾種翻譯：（1） 沼澤的不法之徒 的概念比較全， 包括環(huán)境和人物。但是outlaws對應(yīng)的漢語是“亡命之徒”或者是“違法之

6、人”，在英語中多用作貶義，把這樣的一個詞放在這里顯然是極其不合適的。（2） 水邊緣 這個譯本概念不全，只包括環(huán)境，而不包括人物（3） 皆兄弟 概念不全，只包括人物，不包括環(huán)境（4） 梁山沼澤 概念不全，不包括人物。所以綜上所述，最準(zhǔn)確的應(yīng)該是“Heros by the Marshes”English advocates brevity(簡潔)，clarity(清楚)，簡潔（simplicity）.In 1979, Chrissie Maher proposed Plain English Campaign(簡明英語運動)， advocating communication clearly, s

7、pell correctly, punctuate properly, using people-friendly(易懂的) words instead of tedious（冗長晦澀的）wordstwo ways to avoid wordy expressions1. using words instead of phraseE.g Forget忘記-do not remember沒有記住Ignore忽視-do not pay attention to不注意Now現(xiàn)在-at this point in time此時此刻Because由于-due to the fact that鑒于下列事實

8、2.Omit relative synonyms and approximate synonymsE.g important(重要的)，significant（有重要的意義）1. The government project is important and significant.(這項政府計劃是重要的，有重要意義)2. The government project is significant.（這項政府計劃有重要意義)三.Use dictionary and CorpusDictionary is indispensable instrument and mentor to transl

9、ator.We always pay more attention to literal meaning, example sentence, and neglect pragmatic information, so we should lay more emphasis on pragmatic information.四. Put a high value on working environment and styleIn order to improve the work efficiency and quality, the translators should pay more

10、attention to their own working environment. We should focus the attention “inwards” (注意力內(nèi)聚)，changing the language signs in our mind into image-ideas(形象-思想) ，by doing this, we can get rid of the limitation of the meaning of the words, and then finally create translated works.五. have comprehensive kno

11、wledge For a translator, we should have encyclopedic knowledge, not only grasp basic translation skill, but also know different aspects of our life. we can draw inferences 舉一反三about learning language, thereby improving translation skills.Teamwork（P49）Basic information and pragmatic information of “

12、mind ” in different dictionaries LOMAN Dictionary of Contemporary English (4th Edition)Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary(7th Edition)The English-Chinese dictionary (unabridged)1. LOMAN Dictionary of Contemporary English（page 1447）N. (1)ablity to think and imagine思考和想=想象的能力; (2)char

13、acter性格; (3)intelligence智力; (4)intelligent person 有智慧的人 V. (1)feel annoyed感到惱火；(2)not care which one不在乎哪一個；(3) warning提醒；(4)take care of sth./sb.照料某事/某人；(5)obey服從The English-Chinese dictionaryN. 1.頭腦; 2.智力，知識 3.有才智的人 4.理智，健全的心智 5. （區(qū)別于身體或物質(zhì)的）心，精神 6.心情，情緒 7. 想法，見解，意見 8.（在社會和道德方面）思想傾向 9. 意愿，意向 10. 注意力

14、，心思 11. 記憶 12.紀(jì)念，（宗）追思彌撒 13. （心）心理，精神，思想 14.上帝，神V. 1. 記住，務(wù)必；2.注意，留心，當(dāng)心；3.照料，照看，看管；4.服從，聽從；5.介意，反對；6.專心于；7.意識到，察覺；8.記得；9.提醒，使想起；10.想要，意欲Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese DictionaryN. 1.ablity to think思考能力 2.intelligent person智者 3.thoughts思想 4.memory記憶.V. 1.be upset/annoyed煩惱，苦惱；2.asking permis

15、sion請求允許； 3.not care/worry不關(guān)心，不擔(dān)心；4.be willing愿意； 5.warning 警告；6.obey 服從；7.take care of 關(guān)心Pragmatic information in different context1. Mind your language!2. I dont mind helping if you cant find anyone else.3. some day will mind instructions better than others.4. Will you mind my bag while I buy my ticket?5. This is one of the issues that has most interested military minds.6.My naturally suspicious mind thought he might be lying.7. There was no do