小學英語介詞和連詞專項復(fù)習

1、- 常見介詞及用法(一) 表示時間的介詞1. 英語里最常見的時間介詞有：at, in, on, before, after和from。2. at , in和on這三個詞都表示時間。 at主要指具體的鐘點：at half past eight 在八點半 in一般指*一段時間：in January 在一月份 on指具體在*一天：on Monday 在星期一3. before和after表示時間的先后順序。 before表示“在之前。You should wash your hands before eating. 吃飯前你應(yīng)該洗手。 after表示“在之后。They often play bask

2、etball after dinner. 他們放學后經(jīng)常打籃球。4. from作時間介詞含有“從開場的意思，常和to連用，組成“fromto的構(gòu)造，表示“從到的意思。We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從周一到周五上學。(二) 表示方位的介詞，也就是表示位置和地點的介詞。1. 小學階段常見的方位介詞有：on, in, at, under, over, above, below, about, around, between等。2. on, over和above這三個詞都有“在上面的意思，但它們所表示的方位還是有些不同。 on表示兩個物體的外表相互接

3、觸。如：There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本書。The boy is sleeping on the desk. 那個孩子睡在地上。 over表示“在的正上方,兩個物體外表沒有接觸。如：There is a light bulb over my head. 在我頭頂上有一個燈泡。 above表示兩個物體中一個在另一個的上方，如：The plane is flying above the clouds. 飛機上云層上飛行。There are four lights above our head. 在我們頭上有四盞燈。3. under和below都有“在的下面的意思

4、，但它們有區(qū)別： under表示“在的正下方，其反義詞是over。There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一個球。They are sitting under a big tree. 他們正坐在一棵大樹下面。 below表示“在的下面，不強調(diào)是否在正下方。Their house is below mine. 他們家的房子在我家的下面。4. in表示位置“在里面，也可以用來表示在一個很大的空間。The children are playing in the room. 孩子們正在房間里玩。All my books are in my bag. 我所有的書都在我

5、的書包里。5. at表示“在旁邊。The teacher is standing at the desk. 教師正在桌邊。I will wait for you at the station. 我會在車站等你。6. around表示“在周圍。There are lots of flowers around the house. 房子周圍有許多花。The children sat around the Christmas tree and sang happily. 孩子們圍坐在圣誕樹旁邊快樂地唱歌。7. behind表示“在的后面。Dont hide yourself behind a tre

6、e. 別躲在樹后。8. in front of表示“在的前面。There are some trees in front of the house. 房子前面有一些樹。9. between表示“在兩者之間。My home is between the two mountains. 我家在兩座大山之間。Guang Jie sits between Li Lei and Fang Ning. 冠杰坐在磊和芳寧之間。(三) 表示動向的介詞。在英語中，有一類介詞，它們表示的不是靜止不動的方位，而是一種動態(tài)的移動，有“朝著和“向著的意思。1. 小學階段常見的動向介詞有：into, out of, up,

7、 down, from, to, through, along等。2. into和out ofinto表示“從外向里的意思，out of表示“從里向外的意思。Jane jumped into the water. 簡跳進了水里。Dont look out of the window when you take a bus. 當你乘公共汽車時不要向窗外看。3. up和down: up表示“向上，down表示“向下。He often climbs up mountains. 他經(jīng)常爬山。She opened the door and went down the stairs. 她開門下樓。(四)

8、表示方式的介詞1. 常見的表示方式的介詞有：by, with, in等。2. by表示“靠，“用。3. with表示“使用，“和一起,“有，“具有“帶有。4. in表示“用語言。My father goes to work by car. 我父親開車上班。I can see with eyes. 我能用眼睛看。I can speak in English. 我會用英語講。(五) 其它常用介詞。1. for表示“目的，“原因。He went home for his book. 他回家拿書。Thank you for your dinner. 你的款待。2. in表示“穿著，“帶著。Lily i

9、s in a red skirt today. 麗麗今天穿著一條紅色的裙子。The boy in blue is my brother. 穿藍色衣服的男孩是我弟弟。3. of表示所屬關(guān)系，有“的意思。This is a map of ChinA. 這是一幅中國地圖。He is an old friend of mine. 他是我的一位老朋友。4. like表示比擬，意思是“像。He looks like his father. 他看上去像他爸爸。(六) 介詞與動詞的固定搭配。look at 朝看 laugh at 嘲笑be good at 擅長于shout at 對.叫喊l(fā)ook for尋找

10、ask for 向要look after 照顧，照看look like 看起來像take care of 關(guān)心，照顧wait for等待leave for 動身去 start for 動身去catch up with 趕上 talk about 談?wù)揾ave a talk with 和交談agree with 同意，贊成二、 常用詞及短語搭配的用法：(一) and意思是“和，表示并列和對稱。I can speak English and Chinese. 我會講英語和中文。I like apples, bananas and grapes. 我喜歡蘋果、香蕉和葡萄。(二) bothand的意思

11、是“兩者都，表示并列。Both you and I are pupils. 你和我都是小學生。I can speak both English and French. 我既會講英語又會講法語。(三) not onlybut also意思是“不但而且，表示并列。Not only you but also Jim es late. 不光是你，吉姆也遲到了。I can play not only the guitar but also the piano. 我有僅會彈吉他，還會彈鋼琴。(四) neithernor意思是“既不也不，表示并列關(guān)系。Neither you nor he is right.

12、 你和他都不對。He can speak neither English nor French. 他既不會講英語，也不會講法語。注意：1. 當 not onlybut only和 neithernor連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)的變化隨接近謂語動詞的主語而變化。Neither you nor he is fat. 你和他都不胖。Neither he nor I am right. 他和我都不對。2. or意思是“或者，“還是，表示選擇。Is your friend is a boy or a girl? 你的朋友是男孩還是女孩.Do you learn English or French? 你

13、學英語還是法語.注意：誤I dont like coffee and teA. 正 I dont like coffee or teA. 我不喜歡喝咖啡和茶。正I like coffee and teA. 我喜歡喝咖啡和茶。3. but意思是“但是，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。I have a cold, but I dont take medicine. 我感冒了，但我沒吃藥。The skirt is nice, but its too e*pensive. 這條裙子很漂亮，但太貴了。4. so意思是“因此，“所以。Its dark, so I must go now. 天黑了，所以我得走了。You got

14、up too late, so you missed the bus. 你起床晚了，所以錯過了公共汽車。5. because意思是“因為，表示原因。She is unhappy because she lost the game. 她不快樂，因為她輸了比賽。注意：在英語里，because和so不能夠同時在一個句子中出現(xiàn)，和漢語有一定的區(qū)別。誤Because Mom bought me a new book, so I was very happy.正Mom bought me a new book, so I was very happy.正I was very happy because M

15、om bought me a new book.易錯點：1. 你能找到這個問題的答案嗎.誤 Can you find the answer of this question.正 Can you find the answer to this question.析英語中用“the answer to 表示“的答案。類似構(gòu)造還有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。2. 格林先生星期六上午來這里。誤 Mr. Green will e here in Sunday evening.正 Mr. Green will e here on Sunday even

16、ing.析表示在上午、下午等時，介詞要用in；而表示在具體的*天上午、下午時，介詞要用on.穩(wěn)固練習：一、 用適當?shù)慕樵~填空。1. There is something wrong _ my arm.2. The train is passing _ the tunnel.3. Would you e to tea _us _ Sunday?4. Whats the weather _ today?5. I am good _ English.6. He looks _ his father.7. Go _ this street, then you can see the post offi

17、ce.8. Many people are wait _ the bus _ the bus station.9. -How do you often go to school? - _ foot.10. Lucy and Lily e _America. 二、 用and, or, but填空。1. Id like to go with you, _ Im too busy.2. I dont like apple juice _ orange juice.3. I can speak English _ French.4. Are you a teacher _ a doctor?5. Th

18、ere is no milk _ no fruit juice.三、 選擇填空。( ) 1. The Greens were watching TV _ I came in.A. before B. after C. when ( ) 2. Jack was sad _ he failed his math e*am again.A. so B. because C. but ( ) 3. The bus arrived _7:30 a. m.A. on B. at C. in ( ) 4. Your mouth is _ your nose.A. under B. below C. near

19、 ( ) 5. We dont go to school _Saturday and Sunday.A. on B. in C. at ( ) 6. Did you go to the zoo _ foot?A. by B. on C. in ( ) 7. I write _my hand.A. in B. with C. by ( ) 8. Can you sing this song _English?A. in B. with C. on ( ) 9. He learns English _ TV.A. in B. on C. with ( ) 10. Tony es _ Austral

20、ia. A. from B. to C. in ( ) 11. Everyone is sitting _ the floor, but Mr Brown is sitting _ a chair _ the corner.A. over, in, on B. about, on, at C. on, on, in ( ) 12. During the weekdays, Jim gets up early _ the morning and goes to bed late _ night .But _ weekends he sleeps until midday.A. on, at, a

21、t B. in, at, on C. in, in, at( ) 13. The mother is ing back _ an hour.A. after B. for C. in ( ) 14. Dont worry, Tom will return_.A. before long B. long before C. long ago( ) 15. Paper is often made _ wood.A. by B. in C. of 四、 以下每個句子都有一處錯誤,請找出來并改正.1. Both Tom and Jerry is in Class Two. _ 2. Either bo

22、ys and girls are going to clean the classroom. _ 3. Its very kind for you. _ 4. Id like some bread or butter. _ 5. There is a bridge on the river. _ 6. They live at New York. _ 7. I play the tennis ater school. _ 五、 根據(jù)中文用介詞填空。1. 她從樓上跳了下去。She jumps _ the building.2. 你最好不要去樹林，那很危險。Youd better not go _

23、 the woods, its dangerous.3. 一群老人在公園里唱歌。A group of old men are singing _ the park.4. 一個女孩站在窗戶邊。A girl is standing _ the windows.5. 教師嚴格要求我們。The teacher is strict _ us.附加練習：介詞填空1. Tony is _ Canada. 2. What is the name _ the factory?3. Betty is English. What _ you.4. Whos the woman _ the black dress.5. Where do you e _?6. She looks _ her father.7. Do the students stay _ home _ Saturday.8. My mother cut the cake _ a knife.9. The meeting ended _ 6 p.m.10.