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1、人事部三級筆譯(CATTI)2008.11完形填空原文OneofNature'smostfascinatingmysteriesishowpigeonsfindtheirwayhomeovervastdistances.Nomatterhowfarawaytheyaretaken,theyalmostalwaysreturntotheirlofts.NowGermanscientistsbelievetheyhavediscoveredhowthebirdsdoit.Researchhasrevealedthattinyironstructuresintheirbeaksallowth

2、emtoanalysetheearth'smagneticfield-muchlikeacompass.Throughthesignalspickedup,thebirdscanworkoutwheretheyareandsetoutonthebestcoursehome.Aswellaspigeons,manymigratingbirdsdisplayaremarkableabilitytoflythousandsofmilestoreturntoaspecificgardenortreeyearafteryear.Scientistsaresuggestingtheymayhave

3、similariron-containingcellsintheirbeaks.Theamazingabilitiesofhomingpigeonsmadetheminvaluableduringbothworldwars,withbothsidesusingthemtosendmessagesoverenemylines.Thirty-twoofthe250,000pigeonsusedbyUKforcesinWorldWarTwowereevenawardedmedalsforvalour.In2005,thefilmValiantrecordedtheexploitsofagroupof

4、fictionalwartimehomingpigeons.Inthepast,expertshavesuggestedthebirdsusethesunandstarstonavigate,althoughin2004researchersfoundthatmanyfollowroadsratherthantheirinternalcompasstoplantheirroute.Italianscientistsalsorecentlyfoundthatthebirdscancreate'odourmaps'ofareastheyflyover,whichmayhelpthe

5、mfindtheirway.Howeverscientistshavelongbelievedthattheycaninsomewayusethenaturalmagnetismoftheearthtonavigate.TherecentstudybyGermanscientistshasrevealedhowthismaybepossible.人事部三級筆譯(CATTI)2006.11英譯漢真題Forallthenaturalandman-madedisastersofthepastyear,travelersseemmoredeterminedthanevertoleavehome.Nev

6、ermindthetsunamidevastationinAsialastDecember,therecentearthquakeinKashmirorthesuicidebombingsthisyearinLondonandBali,amongotherplacesonoroffthetouristtrail.Thenumberofleisuretravelersvisitingtouristdestinationshitbytroublehasinsomecasesbouncedbacktoalevelhigherthanbeforedisasterstruck."Thisnew

7、fastrecoveryoftourismweareobservingiskindofstrange,"saidJohnKoldowski,directorfortheStrategicIntelligenceCenteroftheBangkok-basedPacificAsiaTravelAssociation."Itmakesyouthinkabouttheadagethatanypublicityisgoodpublicity."Itisstilltoosoontocompileyear-on-yearstatisticsforthedisastersoft

8、hepast12months,buttravelindustryexpertssaythatthebroadtrendsarealreadyclear.Leisuretravelisexpectedtoincreasebynearly5percentthisyear,accordingtotheWorldTourismandTravelCouncil."Tourismandtravelnowseemtobouncebackfasterandhighereachtimethereisaneventofthissort,"saidUfiIbrahim,vicepresident

9、oftheLondon-basedWorldTourismandTravelCouncil.ForLondon,wheresuicidebomberskilled56andwounded700onJuly8,shesaid,"Itwasalmostasifpeoplewhostayedawayafterthebombattackthendecidedtocomebacktwice."Earlyindicatorsshowthatthesameholdstrueforotherdisaster-struckdestinations.Statisticscompiledbyth

10、ePacificAsiaTravelAssociation,forexample,showthatmonthlyvisitorarrivalsinSriLanka,wheretheDec.26,2004,tsunamileftmorethan30,000peopledeadormissing,werehigherthanoneyearearlierforeverymonthfromMarchthroughAugustofthisyear.AcasecommonlycitedbytravelprofessionalsasanearlyexampleofthetrendisBali,where20

11、2peoplewerekilledinbombingstargetingWesterntouristsinOctober2002.Visitorarrivalsplungedto993,000fortheyearafterthebombing,butbouncedbackto1.46millionin2004,alevelhigherthanthetwoyearsbeforethebomb,accordingtothePacificAsiaTravelAssociation.EvenamongAustralians,whosufferedtheworstcasualtiesintheBalib

12、ombings,thenumberofBali-boundvisitorsbouncedbackwithintwoyearstothehighestlevelsince1998,accordingthePacificAsiaTravelAssociation.Baliwashitagainthisyearbysuicidebomberswhokilled19peopleinexplosionsatthreerestaurants.Visitsarealsoontheupswingtopost-tsunamiThailand,wherethegiantwaveskilled5,400andlef

13、tmorethan5,000missing.Althoughthetsunamikilledmorethan500SwedesontheThairesortislandofPhuket,thelargestnumberofanyforeignnationalitytodie,Swedesarereturningtotheislandinlargernumbersthanlastyear,accordingtoMyTravelSweden,aStockholm-basedgroupthatsends600,000touristsoverseasannuallyandclaimsa28percen

14、tmarketshareforSweden."WewereconfidentthatThailandwouldeventuallybouncebackasadestination,butwedidn"tthinkthatthisyearitwouldcomebackevenstrongerthanlastyear,"saidJoakimEriksson,directorofcommunicationforMyTravelSweden."Wewereverysurprisedbecausewereallyexpectedasignificantdeclin

15、e."ErikssonsaidMyTravelnowexpectsa5percentincreaseinvisitorstobothThailandandSriLankathisseasoncomparedwiththesameseasonlastyear.Thisbehaviorisasharpchangefromthepatternsofthe1990s,Erikssonsaid."DuringthefirstGulfwarwesawasharpdropintravelasawhole,andthesameafterSept.11,"Erikssonsaid.

16、"Nowthemainimpactofterrorismordisastersisachangeindestination."人事部三級筆譯(CATTI)2007.11英譯漢真題OneofthebiggestdecisionsAndyBlevinshasevermade,andoneofthefewhenowregrets,neverseemedlikemuchofadecisionatall.Itjustfeltlikethenaturalthingtodo.Inthesummerof1995,hewasmovingboxesofsoupcans,papertowelsa

17、nddogfoodacrossthefloorofasupermarketwarehouse,oneofthebiggestbuildingshereinsouthwestVirginia.Theheatwasbrutal.Thejobhadsoundedimpossiblewhenhearrivedfreshoffhisfirstyearofcollege,lookingtomakesomesummermoney,stillaskinnyteenagerwithsandyblondhairandanarrow,freckledface.Buthardworkdonewellwassometh

18、ingheunderstood,evenifhewasthefirstcollegeboyinhisfamily.Soonhewasmakingbonusesontopofhis$6.75anhour,moremoneythaneitherofhisparentsmade.Hisgirlfriendwasaround,andsowerehishometownbuddies.Andyactedmoreoutgoingwiththem,morerelaxed.PeopleinChilhowienoticedthat.Itwasjustabouttheperfectsummer.Sothethoug

19、htcrossedhismind:maybeitdidnothavetoend.Maybehewouldtakeabreakfromcollegeandkeepworking.HehadbeengettingC'sandD's,andcollegeneverfeltlikehome,anyway."Ienjoyedworkinghard,gettingthejobdone,gettingapaycheck,"Mr.Blevinsrecalled."IjustknewIdidn'twanttoquit.Sohequitcollegeinste

20、ad,andwiththat,AndyBlevinsjoinedoneofthelargestandfastest-growinggroupsofyoungadultsinAmerica.Hebecameacollegedropout,thoughnongraduatemaybethemorepreciseterm.Manypeoplelikehimplantoreturntogettheirdegrees,eveniffewactuallydo.AlmostoneinthreeAmericansintheirmid-20'snowfallintothisgroup,upfromone

21、infiveinthelate1960's,whentheCensusBureaubegankeepingsuchdata.Mostcomefrompoorandworking-classfamilies.Thatgaphadgrownoverrecentyears."WeneedtorecognizethatthemostseriousdomesticproblemintheUnitedStatestodayisthewideninggapbetweenthechildrenoftherichandthechildrenofthepoor,"LawrenceH.S

22、ummers,thepresidentofHarvard,saidlastyearwhenannouncingthatHarvardwouldgivefullscholarshipstoallitslowest-incomestudents."Andeducationisthemostpowerfulweaponwehavetoaddressthatproblem.AndyBlevinssaysthathetooknowstheimportanceofadegree.Tenyearsaftertradingcollegeforthewarehouse,Mr.Blevins,29,sp

23、endshisdaysatthesamesupermarketcompany.Hehasworkedhiswayuptoproducebuyer,earning$35,000ayearwithhealthbenefitsanda401(k)plan.Heisonapathtypicalforsomeonewhoattendedcollegewithoutgettingafour-yeardegree.Menintheirearly40'sinthiscategorymadeanaverageof$42,000in2000.Thosewithafour-yeardegreemade$65

24、,000.Mr.Blevinssayshehasmanyreasonstobehappy.Heliveswithhiswife,Karla,andtheiryear-oldson,Lucas,inasmallblue-and-yellowhouseinthemiddleofastunninglypicturesqueAppalachianvalley."Lookingback,IwishIhadgottenthatdegree,"Mr.Blevinssaidinhissoft-spokenlilt."Fouryearsseemedlikeathousandyear

25、sthen.ButIwishIwouldhavejustputinmyfouryears."Whysomanylow-incomestudentsfallfromthecollegeranksisaquestionwithoutasimpleanswer.Manyhighschoolsdoapoorjobofpreparingteenagersforcollege.Tuitionbillsscaresomestudentsfromevenapplyingandleaveotherswithyearsofdebt.ToMr.Blevins,likemanyotherstudentsof

26、limitedmeans,everyweekofgoingtoclassesseemedlikeanotherweekoflosingmoney."Thesystemmakesafalsepromisetostudents,"saidJohnT.CasteenIII,thepresidentoftheUniversityofVirginia,himselfthesonofaVirginiashipyardworker.人事部三級筆譯(CATTI)2008.5英譯漢真題EuropePushestoGetFuelFromFieldsARDEA,ItalyThepreviousg

27、rowingseason,thislushcoastalfieldnearRomewasfilledwithrowsofdelicatedurumwheat,usedtomakehigh-qualitypasta.Todayitoverflowswithrapeseed,atall,gnarledweedlikeplantburstingwithcoarseyellowflowersthathasbecomeanewmannaforEuropeanfarmers:rapeseedcanbeturnedintobiofuel.Motivatedbygeneroussubsidiestodevel

28、opalternativeenergysources-andameasureofconcernaboutthefutureoftheplanet-Europe?sfarmersarebeginningtogrowcropsthatcanbeturnedintofuelsmeanttoproducefeweremissionsthangasoroil.TheyarechasingtheircounterpartsintheAmericaswhohavebeenraisingcropsforbiofuelformorethanfiveyears.“hisisamuch-neededboosttoo

29、ureconomy,ourfarms,“saidMarcelloPini,50,afarmer,standinginfrontoftherapeseedheplantedforthefirsttime."Ofcourse,wehopeithelpstheenvironment,too.”InMarch,theEuropeanCommission,disappointedbytheslowgrowthofthebiofuelsindustry,approvedadirectivethatincludeda“bindingtarget“requiringmembercountriesto

30、use10percentbiofuelfortransportby2020themostambitiousandspecificgoalintheworld.MostEuropeancountriesarefarfromachievingthetarget,andareintroducingincentivesandsubsidiestobolsterproduction.Asaresult,bioenergycropshavereplacedfoodasthemostprofitablecropinseveralEuropeancountries.InthispartofItaly,fore

31、xample,thegovernmentguaranteesthepurchaseofbiofuelcropsat22eurosfor100kilograms,or$13.42for100poundsnearlytwicethe11to12eurosfor100kilogramsofwheatontheopenmarketin2006.Betterstill,farmerscanplantbiofuelcropson“setaside“fields,landthatEurope?sagriculturepolicywouldotherwiserequirebeleftfallow.Butane

32、xpertpanelconvenedbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationpointedoutthatthebiofuelsboomproducesbenefitsaswellastrade-offsandrisksincludinghigherandwildlyfluctuatingfoodprices.Insomemarkets,grainpriceshavenearlydoubled.Atatimewhenagriculturalpricesarelow,incomesbiofuelandimprovesthelotoffarme

33、rsandinjectslifeintoruralareas,“saidGustavoBest,anexpertattheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationinRome."Bcaasthrowsandthedemandforbiofuelcropsseemstobeinfinite,we?reseeingsomenegativeeffectsandweneedtoholdupayellowlight.”JosetteSheeran,thenewheadoftheUnitedNationsWorldFoodprogram,whichfednearly90mil

34、lionpeoplein2006,saidthatbiofuelscreatednewproblems."Anincreaseingrainpricesimpactsusbecauseweareamajorprocurerofgrainforfood,“shesaid."Sobiofuelsarebothachallengeandanopportunity.”InEurope,therapidconversionoffieldsthatoncegrewwheatorbarleytobiofuelcropslikerapeseedisalreadyleadingtoshort

35、agesoftheingredientsformakingpastaandbrewingbeer,supplierssay.Thatcouldtranslateintohigherpricesinsupermarkets.“Newandincreasingdemandforbioenergyproductionhasputhighpressureonthewholeworldgrainmarket,“saidClaudiaConti,aspokesmanforBarilla,oneofthelargestItalianpastamakers."NotonlyGermanbeerpro

36、ducers,butMexicantortillamakershaveseethecostoftheirmainrawmaterialgrowingquicklytohistoricalhighs.”Someexpertsaremoreworriedaboutthepotentialimpacttolow-incomeconsumers.Inthedevelopingworld,theshifttomorelucrativebiofuelcropsdestinedforrichercountriescouldcreateserioushungeranddamagetheenvironmenti

37、fwildlandisconvertedtobiofuelcultivation,theagriculturepanelconcluded.ButofficialsattheEuropeanCommissionsaytheyarepursuingameasuredcoursethatwillpreventsomeofthepriceandsupplyproblemsseeninAmericanmarkets.Inarecentspeech,MariannFischerBoel,theEuropeanagricultureandruraldevelopmentcommissioner,saidt

38、hatthe10percenttargetwas“notashotinthedark,“butwascarefullychosentoencouragealevelofgrowthforthebiofuelindustrythatwouldnotproduceunduehardshipforEurope?spoor.Shecalculatedthatthisapproachwouldpushupwouldrawmaterialpricesforcerealby3percentto6percentby2020,whilepricesforoilseedmightrise5percentto18p

39、ercent.Butfoodpricesontheshelveswouldbarelychange,shesaid.YetevenastheEuropeanprogrambeginstoharvestbiofuelsingreatervolume,homegrownproductionisstillfarshortofwhatisneededtoreachthe10percentgoal:Europe?sfarmersproducedanestimated2.9billionliters,or768milliongallons,ofbiofuelin2004,farshyofthe3.4bil

40、liongallonsgeneratedintheUnitedStatesintheperiod.In2005,biofuelaccountedforaround1percentofEurope?sfuel,accordingtoEuropeanstatistics,withalmostallofthatinGermanyandSweden.ThebiofuelshareinItalywas0.51percent,andinBritain,0.18percent.ThatcouldposeathreattoEuropeanmarketsasforeignproducerslikeBrazilo

41、rdevelopingcountrieslikeIndonesiaandMalaysiatrytoshiptheirbiofuelstomarketswheredemand,subsidiesandtaxbreaksarethegreatest.Ms.FischerBoelrecentlyacknowledgedthatEuropewouldhavetoimportatleastathirdofwhatitwouldneedtoreachits10percentbiofuelstarget.Politiciansfearthatcouldhamperdevelopmentofalocalind

42、ustry,whileperverselygeneratingtonsofnewemissionsas“green"fuelisshippedthousandsofkilometersacrosstheAtlantic,insteadofcomingfromthefarmnextdoor.SuchimportscouldmakebiofuelfarlessgreeninotherwaysaswellforexampleifSoutheastAsianrainforestisdestroyedforcropland.Brazil,acountrywithaperfectclimatef

43、orsugarcaneandvastamountsofland,startedwithsubsidiesyearsagotoencouragethefarmingofsugarcaneforbiofuels,partlytotakeup“excesscapacity“initsflaggingagriculturalsector.Theautoindustryjumpedin,too.In2003,Brazilianautomakersstartedproducingflex-fuelcarsthatcouldrunonbiofuels,includinglocallyproducedetha

44、nol.Today,70percentofnewcarsinthecountryareflex-fuelmodels,andBrazilisoneofthelargestgrowersofcaneforethanol.AnalystsareunsureiftheBrazilianachievementcanbereplicatedinEuropeoranywhereelse.Sugartakesfarlessenergytoconverttobiofuelthanalmostanyproduct.Yetafteraseriesofalarmingreportsonclimatechange,t

45、hepoliticalurgencytomovefasterisclearlygrowing.Withanarmloadofincentives,theItaliangovernmenthopesthat70,000hectares,or173,000acres,oflandwillbeplantedwithbiofuelcropsin2007,and240,000hectaresin2010,upfromzeroin2006.Mr.Pini,thefarmer,hasconvertedabout25percentofhisland,or18hectares,includinghis“seta

46、side"land,toEurope?sfasterotwingbiofuelcrop,rapeseed.Hestillhas50hectaresingrainand7inolives.Hehasdiscoveredotheradvantagesaswell.InItaly?sfinickyfoodculture,foodcropshavetolookgoodandbehighqualitytosell-adroughtorundueheatcanmeananoffyear.Cropsforfuel,incontrast,canbeuglyorstunted.“Youneedfewe

47、rseedsandit?smucheasiertogrow,“hesaid.人事部三級筆譯考試的4個特別提醒一、語序(英譯漢)我們上課在解決表達問題時提出了4個技巧,就是斷結(jié)構(gòu)、換主語、動詞化和調(diào)順序,基本上是在維護順翻的情況下,做微小的調(diào)整,這樣產(chǎn)生的一個錯誤傾向是,一些同學在考試時一味順翻,不顧中文的表達習慣,造成失分。比如2006年11月真題里面的一個句子:“Thisnewfastrecoveryoftourismweareobservingiskindofstrange,“saidJohnKoldowski,directorfortheStrategicIntelligenceCent

48、eroftheBangkok-basedPacificAsiaTravelAssociation.如果是純粹的視譯”,也就是某種同傳式的譯文是這樣的:'旅游業(yè)最近快速回升,我們觀察到的這種現(xiàn)象有點奇怪。?勺翰-考爾多斯基說道,他是戰(zhàn)略情報中心主任,來自總部設(shè)在曼谷的太平洋亞洲旅行協(xié)會。”這樣的翻譯是以6-9個單詞為一個單位,在主句、從句、分詞和小詞處斷句,按照英文的順序做做動詞,換換主語的結(jié)果。但是,這樣的中文說說尚可,但是是很不規(guī)范的書面語,在筆譯的時候必須耐心地調(diào)整順序:我們注意到旅游業(yè)最近快速回升,這種情況是有一點奇怪。?總部設(shè)在曼谷的太平洋亞洲旅游協(xié)會戰(zhàn)略情報中心主任約翰-考爾

49、多斯基說道?!币驗榭荚嚨臅r候沒有草稿紙,也根本沒有時間打草稿,所以落筆時腦子里面想好在下筆,可以拿鉛筆在原題目上斷結(jié)構(gòu)后,標明一下該調(diào)整的位置。二、選詞(英譯漢)我們在上課時提出,翻譯的時候要盡量地貼近原文,追求最接近于直譯的意譯,不要太近,也不要太遠。不追求詞藻,原文美,譯文就盡量美;原文樸素,譯文就別穿花衣服。而在實際操作里,我發(fā)現(xiàn)一些同學把不追求用詞變成了大概就行,沒有意識到選詞用詞是筆譯考試的一個重要采分點,例如在2005年5月的真題:Theimportanceofagriculturecannotbeoverstated.Morethan50%oftheworldlaborforce

50、isemployedinagriculture.Thedistributionintheearly1980srangedfrom67%ofthoseemployedinAfricatolessthan5%inNorthAmerica.InWesternEurope,thefigurewasabout16%;inEasternEuropeandtheSovietUnion,about32%;andinAsia,about68%.劃線兩處必須翻譯成從事”和比例”,不能翻成被雇傭”(因為中文被動句少,而且這里顯然不是強調(diào)誰雇誰做某事),以及分布”(因為利用我們的并聯(lián),下文的幾個百分比已經(jīng)非常明確地指

51、明了distribution的含義了)。三、句子的整合不能草木皆兵(漢譯英)在漢譯英的整個過程中,對于句子主謂白大調(diào)整是少數(shù)的,基本上占到30%左右,大多數(shù)的情況就是按照中文的主謂賓確定句子主干,尋找恰當?shù)脑~匯寫出清楚的句子。例如在2005年5月的真題里面,真正需要合句的地方只有一處,在主謂上發(fā)生變化的只有三處。由于西藏地處世界屋脊”,自然條件惡劣,也由于幾百年落后的封建農(nóng)奴制社會形成的各種社會歷史條件的限制,西藏在全國還屬于不發(fā)達地區(qū)。但是,50年的發(fā)展已經(jīng)極大地改變了其昔日貧窮落后的面貌,西藏人民生活質(zhì)量大大提高。社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展極大地豐富了人民的物質(zhì)文化生活。2000年,西藏全區(qū)各族人民已

52、基本擺脫貧困,實現(xiàn)溫飽。部分群眾生活達到了小康水平。隨著人民生活逐步富裕,冰箱、彩電、洗衣機、摩托車、手表等消費品進入了越來越多尋常百姓家。不少富裕起來的農(nóng)牧民蓋起了新房,有的還購買了汽車。西藏目前的人均居住面積處于全國首位。廣播、電視、通信、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等現(xiàn)代信息傳遞手段已深入到人民群眾的日常生活。絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)的百姓能夠通過收聽收看廣播、電視,了解全國和全世界各地的新聞。當?shù)匕傩漳軌蛲ㄟ^電話、電報、傳真或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等手段獲取信息資料,并與全國和全世界各地取得聯(lián)系。由于缺醫(yī)少藥狀況得到根本改變,人民群眾的健康水平大幅度提高。西藏人均預期壽命由20世紀50年代的35.5歲增加到現(xiàn)在的67歲。四、合句的前提

53、是中文意猶未盡的沒點句號(漢譯英)中文一逗到底的時候,就是應該分析輕重”的時候了。如果內(nèi)部聯(lián)系緊密,就該合句;內(nèi)部沒有什么特別明顯的關(guān)系,就可以斷句。比如上面這段話:由于西藏地處世界屋脊”,自然條件惡劣,也由于幾百年落后的封建農(nóng)奴制社會形成的各種社會歷史條件的限制,西藏在全國還屬于不發(fā)達地區(qū)。因為連出了三個逗號才句號,你就要特別的警惕了。如果是口譯,句子可以做得很碎:囹畫09年我要月入2萬,該怎么辦?囹CATTI英語三級筆譯訓練CATTI三級筆譯練習:匯源交易波及南半球人事部(CATTI)三級筆譯綜合能力模擬題人事部(CATTI)三級筆譯實務(wù)模擬題CATTI是什么?囹【超準】點擊就知道你的職業(yè)

54、前景1. BecauseTibetislocatedontheroofoftheworld,thenaturalconditionsareverybad.2. Andbecauseofhundredsofyears?backwardfeudalserfdom,therehavebeenmanysocialandhistoricalrestrictionsforTibetandevelopment.3. SoTibetisstillunderdeveloped.但是,稍加分析你就會發(fā)現(xiàn),這個句子最想說的是西藏在全國還屬于不發(fā)達地區(qū),應該做在主句上面,然后是兩個原因,而地處世界屋脊”僅是西藏的伴隨

55、狀況而已,可以用分詞或小詞做的很弱。中文的一逗到底是含”的可能性,內(nèi)部輕重關(guān)系整齊明確就是管”的必然性了,因為必須要寫成:Tibet,locatedontheRoofoftheWorld,isstillanunderdevelopedareainChinabecauseofitsharshnaturalconditionsandvarioussocialandhistoricalrestrictionsformedbycenturiesofbackwardfeudalserfdom.例如2004年5月真題:她在1923年到美國去學文學,在旅途中和在美國居留中寫下了她的感受。這些都收在一個集子里

56、出版,就是寄小讀者。很明顯,這句話的老大”是寫感受,然后才會引出這本書;而前半句只是個搭配,伴隨狀況,所以應該做輕。GoingtotheU.S.in1923tostudyliterature,shewrotedownherimpressionsonthewayandduringherstaythere.2005.11CATTI人事部三級筆譯實務(wù)真題英譯漢TheGapBetweenRichandPoorWidenedinU.S.CapitalWashingtonD.C.ranksfirstamongthe40citieswiththewidestgapbetweenthepoorandtheri

57、ch,accordingtoarecentreportreleasedbytheD.C.FiscalPolicyInstituteonJuly22nd.Thetop20percentofhouseholdsinD.C.haveanaverageyearlyincomeof$186,830,31timesthatofthebottom20percent,whichearnsonly$6,126peryear.TheincomegapisalsobiginAtlantaandMiami,butthedifferenceisnotaspronounced.Thereportalsoindicates

58、thatthewideninggapoccurredmainlyduringthe1990s.Overthelastdecade,theaverageincomeofthetop20percentofhouseholdshasgrown36percent,whiletheaverageincomeofthebottom20percenthasonlyrisen3percent."Ibelievetheconcentrationofthemiddle-tohigh-incomefamiliesintheD.C.areawillcontinue,therefore,theincomega

59、pbetweenrichandpoorwillbehardtobridge,"DavidGarrisontoldtheWashingtonObserver.GarrisonisaseniorresearcherwiththeBrookingsInstitution,specializinginthestudyofthesocialandeconomicpoliciesinthegreaterWashingtonD.C.area.ThereportattributedthepersistentincomegapinWashingtontothearea'sspecialjobopportunities,whichattracthigh-incomehouseholds.EspeciallysincethefederalgovernmentisbasedinWashingtonD.C.,Governmentagenciesandothergovernmentrelatedb

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