形容詞副詞及練習(xí)

1、形容詞副詞及練習(xí)清華大學(xué)英語系測試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供四.形容詞、副詞要點1 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞時的語序 當(dāng)同時用幾個形容詞來修飾一個名詞時，一般可按照以下順序：限定詞-描繪性形容詞-大小、新舊、式樣-顏色-產(chǎn)地(國別)-作定語的名詞- 被修飾名詞。如： some lovely Chinese children 一些可愛的中國兒童(限定詞-描繪性形容詞-國別) a small black leather handbag 一個小的黑色皮包(大小-顏色-作定語的名詞表示材料)a red German sports car 一輛紅色的德國賽車(顏色-國

2、別-作定語的名詞表示用途) a small old stone bridge 一座老的小石橋(大小-新舊-作定語的名詞) 注意： 限定詞放在最前面，作定語的名詞緊靠被修飾詞；同種類的 形容詞，短在前、長在后，序數(shù)詞放在基數(shù)詞之前。如： the first two books 最初兩本書 但是，這里所講的語序并不是一成不變的。 要點2 需放在被修飾語之后的形容詞 形容詞作定語，一般放在名詞的前面。但如果被修飾語是由some,any,every和no構(gòu)成的不定 代詞時，用作定語的形容詞必須放在它所修飾的詞后面，如： There is nothing new in his report. 他的報告里

3、沒有什么新東西 。 Is there anything important? 有什么重要的事情嗎? He told me something very important. 他告訴我一些很重要的事。 There is nothing wrong with him. 他沒有錯。 So far nobody important has visited this place. 到目前為止，還 沒有重要人物來這兒看過。 注意： 英語中有些形容詞一般只能作表語，不能放在名詞前作定語 ，如以a-開頭的形容詞，afraid,asleep,alone,awake,alive。另外，ill,glad,sorry

4、,sure,well也不能放在名詞前作定語。 注意： sick(患病)與ill不同，sick既可以作表語也可以作定語而ill則不能，試比較： These children are ill/sick. 這些孩子病了。 The nurse is taking care of the sick children. 護士正在 照料患病的孩子們。(不能用ill) 另外，在度量衡用語中，形容詞通常放在度量單位之后。例如： I'm 1.80 metres tall. 我身高1.80米。 The room is 32 feet wide. 這間房子有32英尺寬。 要點3 三種要求形容詞作表語的系動詞

5、形容詞除與系動詞be連用作表語外，還可以與其他一些系動詞連用。 1) 表示一種特征、狀態(tài)、感覺的系動詞，如： appear(顯得)，look(看似)，seem(似乎)，feel(覺得)，taste(嘗)，smell(聞)，sound(聽 )。The meat tastes good. 這肉味道好。 He doesn't seem happy. 他似乎不高興。 I'm not feeling well today. 我今天不舒服。(well用作形容詞做 表語只能表示身體好) 2) 表示狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變的系動詞，意為"變得"、"變成"，如：becom

6、e,get,grow,turn等。 It's getting(growing) dark. 天漸漸地黑了。 The hill has turned green. 山變綠了。 3) 表示保持某種狀態(tài)的系動詞，如：remain(仍然是)，keep(保持)等。 The problem remains unsolved. 問題仍然未解決。 Keep quiet,please! 請安靜! 要點4 某些以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞 英語中有一些以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞，不要誤以為是副詞。 deadly 致命的  friendly 友好的  lonely 孤單的 likely 可能的

7、0; lovely 可愛的  lively 愉快的 brotherly 兄弟般的  fatherly 父親似的  ugly 難看的 silly 愚蠢的  還有一些與時間有關(guān)的詞，雖以-ly結(jié)尾，但既可以用作形容詞又可以用作副詞，如： daily 每日(的)  weekly 每周一次(的) monthly 每月一次(的)  yearly 每年一次(的) 要點5 名詞用作形容詞 1) 名詞用來作定語修飾另一個名詞時，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，如： ticket office 售票處  book store 書店 traffic acci

8、dent 交通事故  table leg 桌子腿 2) 名詞用作形容詞修飾另一名詞時，一般都用單數(shù)形式，而且總是放在被修飾的名詞之前 。如： shoe repairers 修鞋人  ring finger 無名指 wine glass 酒杯  cigarette lighter 打火機 也有一些是例外，如： sports car 賽車  clothes shop 服裝店  arms production 武器生產(chǎn) 注意： 名詞作定語與形容詞作定語意思相差較大。 gold ring 金戒指 golden ring 鍍金(金黃色)戒指stone w

9、all 石墻  stony heart 鐵石心腸 colour TV set 彩色電視機  colourful life 多彩的生活 要點6 帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞 當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號連接時，其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式。主要有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)： 1) 數(shù)詞+名詞。 a three-hour flight 一次三小時的飛行 a three-pound chicken 一個重三磅的雞 a two-hundred-metre bridge 一座二百米長的橋 a five-hundred-word letter 一封五百字的信 2) 數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞。 a three-year-old boy

10、 一個三歲的男孩 a fifty-metre-wide river 一條五十米寬河 要點7 同形的副詞和形容詞  fast train 快車   hard workers 干活賣力的工人  run fast 跑得快   work hard 干活賣力，工作努力  right answer 正確的回答   enough food 足夠的食物  do everything right 樣樣事情做得對   large enough 足夠大  in the late afte

11、rnoon 傍晚   in the early morning 一大早  work late 工作得晚   come early 來得早 其他如straight,wide,high,low也都能用作形容詞和副詞。例如： He drew a straight line on the paper. 他在紙上劃了一條直線。 He went straight to the room. 他徑直朝那房子走去。 要點8 具有兩種形式的副詞 英語中有些副詞有兩種形式，但其意義不同。 The station is quite near. 車站就在附近。(near

12、用作形容詞) He lives near. 他就住在附近。(near用作副詞) It's nearly nine o'clock. 將近九點鐘了。(nearly用作副詞，但其含義是：將近、幾乎) The cake is hard. 這蛋糕太硬。   用作形容詞The test is hard. 測驗太難。   He is a hard worker. 他是一個干活賣力的工人。   We all work hard. 我們都努力工作。(hard用作副詞) I can hardly understand you. 我不太懂

13、你的意思。   意為：幾乎不There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空幾乎沒有云彩。   He is late. 他遲到了。(late用作形容詞) He went to bed late last night. 他昨晚很晚才睡覺。(late用作副詞) Have you seen her lately? 你最近看見過她嗎?(lately意為：最近) 注意： 除上述幾個詞外，英語中還有一些具有兩種形式的副詞。如： deep 深-deeply 深深地  high 高-highly 高度地 wide 寬-widely

14、 廣泛地 He jumps higher than I. 他比我跳得高。 We think highly of our teacher. 我們對我們的老師評價很高。 He opened all the windows wide to let the fresh air in. 他把所有的窗戶開得很大，好讓新鮮空氣進來。 She is widely known in China. 她在中國的知名度很高。 要點9 形容詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成 1) 單音節(jié)形容詞加-er和-est構(gòu)成其比較級和最高級。 strong-stronger-the strongest new-newer-the newes

15、t 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母，須先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-er和-est。 如：big-bigger-biggest，hot-hotter-hottest，thin-thinner-thinnest。 2) 三音節(jié)或三音節(jié)以上的形容詞前加more和most，構(gòu)成其比較級和最高級。 interesting-more interesting-the most interesting important-more important-the most important 3) 雙音節(jié)形容詞中，一般以-y,-er,-ow,-ple等結(jié)尾的詞加-er,-est。 pretty-prettie

16、r-the prettiest 漂亮的 clever-cleverer-the cleverest 聰明的 simple-simpler-the simplest 簡單的 narrow-narrower-the narrowest 狹窄的 常用的詞有：easy(容易)，lazy(懶)，happy(快樂的)，funny(有趣的)。 4) 以-ful,-ing結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞一般加more/most。 doubtful-more doubtful-the most doubtful 注意： 英語中，有些雙音節(jié)形容詞可以加more/most，也可以加-er ，-est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級，常見的詞有：f

17、riendly,clever,narrow,common。 要點10 副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成 1) 副詞比較級和最高級形式通常由加more和most構(gòu)成。例如： quickly-more quickly-most quickly slowly-more slowly-most slowly 2) 與形容詞同形的副詞，其構(gòu)成方式與相應(yīng)的形容詞相同。例如： fast-faster-fastest hard-harder-hardest early-earlier-earliest 要點11 少數(shù)形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級是不規(guī)則的。原級 比較級 最高級good/well - 

18、;better -  bestbad/ill/badly - worse - worstmany/much - more - mostlittle - less - least 要點12 同等程度比較的要點 1) asas 之間一定要用形容詞或副詞原形，如： I am as old as you. 我和你年齡一樣大。 Tom works as hard as Mary. 湯姆和瑪麗工作一樣努力。 注意："asas"可用almost,quite,just,just about,nearly,twice,by no means(根本)修飾，置于&q

19、uot;asas"之前。2) so用以替代第一個as時，只能用于否定句，如： John is not as/so clever as Jack. 約翰不像杰克那樣聰明。 He doesn't read as/so clearly as she. 他讀得不像她那樣清楚。 She didn't sing as/so well that night as she usually does. 她那天晚上唱得沒有平 時好。3) as much+不可數(shù)名詞+as，而as many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as。 Bob has read as many books as Mary. 鮑伯和

20、瑪麗讀了一樣多的書。 There is as much water in this bottle as in that bottle. 這瓶子里的水和那瓶子里的水一樣多。 4)as+adj.+不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+asGerman is as difficult a language as English. as+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+asBread is as important food as rice.要點13 不同程度比較的要點 1) 要用"比較級+than"的結(jié)構(gòu)。 I am taller than Tom(is). 我比湯姆高。 Mary works hard

21、er than John(does). 瑪麗比約翰工作努力。 This city is more beautiful than that(city). 這城市比那城市更美麗。 You look younger than before. 你看起來比以前年輕。 2) 比較級前可用much,far,a lot,a little,a bit,rather，even,still,a great deal等表示程度，但比較級 前不能再用more。She sings far/much better than the others. 她唱得比 別人好得多。(better本身就是比較級，不能用far/much

22、more better) Your book is far/much more interesting than his. 你 的書要比他的書有趣得多。 (其中more interesting是比較級，far/much用以修飾more interesting表示程度) Now I read a little faster than before. 現(xiàn)在我讀得比過去稍快一點。 表示不同程度比較時，句子主語不能包括在比較對象的范圍之內(nèi)。   any other student     anyone else     all th

23、e other students     any of the other students   他比 班上其他學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)用功。(他本身也是學(xué)生不能用any students來表示比較對象 的范圍) 注意： any other加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，all the other加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 。試比較： The moon is closer to us than any star/stars.月亮距離我們比任何恒星都近。 (月亮不是恒星，因此用any star/stars并沒有把主語包括在比較對象的范圍之內(nèi)) China is larger than an

24、y country/countries in Africa. 中國比 非洲的任何國家大。 Chi na is larger than any other country in Asia. 中國比 亞洲的任 何國家大。(中國是亞洲國家之一，因而不能用any country/countries) 3) 比較的對象要一致，一般說來同等的兩個事物才能比較，如： Tom's bike is more expensive than Jim's(=Jim's bike). 湯姆的自行車比吉姆的貴。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that

25、of Shanghai. 北京的天氣比上海 冷。(that指代天氣) His English is better than anyone else's in his class. 他的英語比班上其他人的都 好。 4) 英語中往往用that/those或the/that one/the ones代替上文提及的同等部分。但如果比 較的事物是不可數(shù)名詞，用that不能用the one/the ones/those。 The water in the glass is cleaner than that in the river. 杯子里的水比河里的水清。(water為不可數(shù)名詞，用that)

26、 I like these pictures better than those/the ones on the wall. 我喜歡這些畫勝過墻上那些。(those,the ones指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)) The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a cat. 兔子的耳朵比貓長。 (與of短語一起用時，不能用the ones) Your ruler is longer than that/that one/the one on the desk. 你的尺比桌上的尺長。(that/that one/the one指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)) 5) 兩者之間的比

27、較不能用最高級。 Who is more honest, Tom or Susan? 湯姆和蘇珊兩個人誰更誠實? 注意 ： 比較級范圍是由of引出兩者之間的比較，比較級前要用定冠詞 。 He is the taller of the two. 兩人中他高一點。 要點14 有些以ior結(jié)尾的形容詞本身就含有比較的意思以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞，不用"比較級+than"來表示比較，而是要用"原級+to"。常用的 詞有：superior(優(yōu)于)，inferior(次于)，junior(年少的)，senior(較年長的，較高級別 的)。 He is inferior

28、 to you in all respects. 他各方面都不如你。 This engine is superior in many respects to that. 這臺發(fā)動機在很多方面比那一臺要好。 要點15 最高級的用法 1) 三者(或三者以上)的比較才能用最高級。 Mary is the tallest girl in her class/of the three. 瑪麗是她班上(三個里面)個子最 高的女孩。 Bill reads most clearly of all the students. 在所有這些學(xué)生中，比爾讀得最清楚。 2) 形容詞最高級要加the。 They'

29、re the biggest animals in the world. 它們是世界上最大的動物。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 上海是世界最大城市之 一。(one of the+形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示"最之一") He is one of the tallest students in the class. 他是班上個子最高的學(xué)生之一。 It is the second tallest building in the world. 它是世界上第二高的建筑物。 注意： 如不表示比較，也沒有表示比較

30、范圍的狀語，最高級前不用t he時，作"十分"、"非常"解。 It is a most useful tool. 這是一種非常有用的工具。 He is a brightest student. 他是一個非常聰明的學(xué)生。 注意：最高級可用by far,easily,nearly ,by no means,序數(shù)詞等修飾，置于最高級之前。He is the second tallest boy in our class.注意：要點16 幾個特殊的比較結(jié)構(gòu) 1) "the+比較級，the+比較級"結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"越，越"，表示

31、程度的平行增 長，如： The higher the temperature(is),the greater is the pressure.(=the greater the presure is.) 溫度越高，壓力就越大。 The older he gets,the wiser he becomes. 他越長越聰明。 The bigger,the better. 越大越好。 2) "比較級+and+比較級"結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"越來越"，表示程度逐漸增長，如： Our life is getting better and better. 我們的生活越來越好。

32、Our country has become stronger and stronger. 我們的國家越來越強大了。 He is running faster and faster. 他越跑越快。 注意： 當(dāng)形容詞需加上more變?yōu)楸容^級時，表示"越來越"， 需用"more and more+形容詞原形"的結(jié)構(gòu)。 Shanghai is becoming more and more beautiful. 上海變得越來越美麗。 More and more people give up smoking. 越來越多的人戒煙。 3) "倍數(shù)詞+as+原

33、級+as"構(gòu)成倍數(shù)比較結(jié)構(gòu)。 This TV set costs twice as much as that one. 這架電視機的價格是那架電視機的兩倍 。 The truck is 3.5 times as heavy as that minibus. 這輛卡車有那輛小客車的三倍半重 。 表示倍數(shù)也可以用以下的結(jié)構(gòu)： The rice output of this region is about four times that of 1957. 這個地區(qū) 的大米產(chǎn)量相當(dāng)于1957年的4倍。 4) "大三歲"，"長兩米"要用"數(shù)量詞

34、+比較級"來表示，如： He is three years older than I. 他比我大三歲。 This river is 100 meters longer than that one. 這條河比那條河長100米。5）"as as" 的比喻結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)表示"像一樣（那樣）"It's as cold as ice in here. 這兒冷得像冰窖。It's as dark as night in this room. 這屋子簡直就像晚上一樣黑。常見的比喻結(jié)構(gòu)有：as free as a bird,as hungry as

35、 a wolf,as strong as a horse,as clever as a fox,as busy as a bee6）more than和less than，這2個固定詞組分別表示"多于"和"少于"，如：There are more than three hundred pupils in the school. 這個學(xué)校有300多個學(xué)生。They finished the work in less than a year.他們不到一年就完成了這項工作。7）no more than和no less than也是固定詞組，分別表示"

36、只不過"和"有之多"、"多達"。（帶有感情色彩）I have no more than ten dollars. 我只有10塊錢。（有嫌少的意思）In our school there are no less than 250 teachers.我們學(xué)校里的教師有250位之多。（有夠多了的含義）8）not more than和not less than，not more than(=at most)表示"不多于"、"至多"，not less than(=at least)表示"不少于"

37、、"至少"。（表示客觀事情）The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons.做這個試驗的人不到5個。There were not less than one hundred people at the meeting.到會的至少有100人。要點17 貌似同等程度比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些固定習(xí)慣用語英語中有些看似是同等程度的比較結(jié)構(gòu)，實際上它們是一些固定的習(xí)慣用語/1 as long as 只要；有之久I will work as long as Ilive. 只要活著，我就要工作。He has been ill as long a

38、s five years. 他已經(jīng)病了5年之久。3 as far as 到地點；就而言I will go with you as far as the next bus stop.我將和你一起走到下一個車站。As far as I know,he is a reliable person. 就我所知，他是一個可靠的人。4 as high as 高達程度The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400. 在那個國家里一天的平均住院費用可高達400美元。5 as soon as 一就I

39、 will ting you up as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就給你打電話。5）as well as 既又He has experience as well as knowledge.他既有知識又又經(jīng)驗。（注意此句翻譯的順序）要點18 表示相似、類同的幾種方法 主語  alike   the same   similar The two brothers are very much alike. 兄弟倆非常相像。 The two books are the same. 這兩本書是一樣的。 The methods used by th

40、e three teachers are similar. 這三位教師使用的方法相類似。   the same as  2) 主語+be+  similar to  +名詞(代詞) like  John's hat is very much like mine in style/size. 約翰的帽子的款式(尺寸)很像我的 。 Your opinion is similar to ours in many ways. 你的觀點在許多方面與我們相似。 The price is the same as last year. 這價格與去年相同

41、。 age  3)主語+be+the same size +as+名詞(代詞) colour  weight  The suitcase is the same size as that one. 這衣箱與那個一樣大小。 He is the same age as his wife. 他與他的妻子同年。 4) 在以上句型中，也可常用動詞look來替代be動詞。 The pen looks like mine. 這筆看上去像我的。 The two houses look alike. 這兩幢房子看上去相似。 要點19 表示相異、不同 1) differ from 與

42、不同。 Nylon differs from silk in cost. 尼龍和絲綢在成本方面不同。 2) be different from 與不同。 Their house is different from ours in style. 他們的房子風(fēng)格跟我們的不同。 3) unlike 不同，不像。 My son is unlike me in every respect. 我的兒子沒有一處像我。 要點20 無比較級，最高級的詞circular,silent,east,empty,false,first,golden,matchless,perfect,right，round,squar

43、e,true,unique(獨一無二的)，wrong，absolute（絕對的），sheer（徹底的），mere（純粹的），atomic（原子的），solar（太陽的），daily，monthly，yearly，physical，wooden練習(xí)、形容詞和副詞高考題選：1. John has three sisters. Mary is the _ of the three. (MET88) A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer2. The students are_ young people between the

44、 age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88) A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most3. She told us _story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88) A. such an interesting B. such interesting a C. so an interesting D. a so interesting4. It is impossible for so_ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88) A

45、. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many5. The horse is getting old and can't run _ it did. (MET88) A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as6. The story sounds_ . (MET89) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true7. I'd been expecting _ letters the whol

46、e morning, but there weren't _ for me. (MET89) A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none8. This year they have produced _ grain _ they did last year. (MET89) A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ t

47、ractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90) A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but_ . (MET90) A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good11. -Can I help you? -We

48、ll, I'm afraid the box is_ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90) A. so B. much C. very D. too12.-Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office? -I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown _ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90) A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer13. If we had

49、 followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and _ people. (MET90) A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less14. Oh, John. _ you gave me! (MET90) A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise15. -How d

50、id you find your visit to museum? -I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected. (MET91) A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting16. Canada is larger than _ country in Asia. (NMET91) A. any B. any other C. other D. another17. Those orange

51、s taste_ . (MET91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well18. The experiment was _ easier than we had expected. (NMET91) A. more B. much more C. much D. more much19. _ food you've cooked! (NMET91 ) A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice20. Go and get your coat. It's _ you

52、left it. (MET92) A. there B. where C. there where D. where there21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes_ . (MET92) A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening22. -Are you feeling _?-Yes, I' m fine now. (NMET92) A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better23. Which

53、is_ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92) A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger24. -Will you give this message to Mr. White, please? -Sorry, I can't. He _. (MET92) A. doesn't any more work here B. doesn't any longer here work C. doesn't work any more here D. doesn't work

54、 here any longer25. How can you finish the drawing? (MET92) A. often B. soon C. long D. rapid26. _ terrible weather we've been having these days! (MET92) A. How a B. What a C. How D. What27. It takes a long time to go there by train. It's_ by road. (MET93) A. quick B. the quickest C. much qu

55、ick D. quicker28. _ from Beijing to London! (MET93) A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is29. She doesn't speak_ her friends, but her written work is excellent. (MET93) A. as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as30. -Mum, I thin

56、k I'm_ to get back to school. -Not really, My dear. You'd better stay at home for another day or two. (NMET93) A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough31. -If you don't like the red coat, take the blue one. -OK, but do you have size_ in blue? This one's a bit tight for me.

57、 (NMET93) A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger32. John plays footbal_ , if not better than, Davi. (NMET94) A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as33. We all write_ ,even when there's net much to say. (NMET94) A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less34. -Do you remember _