FieldIterpreting(3)(4)數(shù)字口譯

1、Figures in InterpretingLecture 3Outline導(dǎo)入練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)字口譯技巧分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯 (fraction&decimal)模糊數(shù)字的口譯 (fuzzy numbers)特殊倍數(shù)的口譯 實戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練Reading and interpreting numbers properlynRead the following numbers in Englishn123n54296n100000000n87654321nInterpreting numbersn1 億？n100m; 0.1bn150 billion?n1500億nInterpreting Chine

2、se ordinal numbers nChallenges : cultural differencesnE.g.1 你們隊得了第幾名？你們隊得了第幾名？In Chinese we often hear or talk about ordinal numbers. If we interpret in English, we have to change the ways of asking/inquiry.n你們隊得了第幾名？Did your team win the championship?Did you get/win the first place in the competiti

3、on?數(shù)字口譯的難點是什么？數(shù)字口譯的難點是什么？1. 數(shù)字所含信息量大數(shù)字所含信息量大2. 中英文數(shù)字表達方式存在差異中英文數(shù)字表達方式存在差異 數(shù)位的不同數(shù)位的不同 倍數(shù)表達不同倍數(shù)表達不同 分數(shù)表達不同等等分數(shù)表達不同等等3. 數(shù)字與單位的搭配需緊密數(shù)字與單位的搭配需緊密4. 數(shù)字通常和信息相結(jié)合數(shù)字通常和信息相結(jié)合 n數(shù)字口譯基本方法不同的表達方式不同的表達方式英語英語分節(jié)號：分節(jié)號：thousand, million, thousand, million, billion billion（十億）（十億）漢語漢語檔位：個、十、百、千、檔位：個、十、百、千、 萬、億萬、億1, 0 0 0

4、, 0 0 0, 0 0 0bmth億萬千第一段位TenHundred第二段位Ten thousandHundred thousand第三段位Ten millionHundred million第四段位Ten billionHundred billion第五段位第一段位個 十 百 千 第二段位十萬 百萬 千萬第三段位十億百億千億第四段位兆（萬億）漢語數(shù)字分段法：英語數(shù)字分段法：阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字英語英語漢語漢語1One一一10Ten十十100One hundred一百一百1，000One thousand一千一千10，000Ten thousand一萬一萬 (首位首位*10) thousan

5、d100，000One hundred thousand十萬十萬 (首位首位*10) thousand1，000，000One million一百萬一百萬10，000，000Ten million一千萬一千萬 (首位首位*10) million100，000，000One hundred million一億一億 (首位首位*100) million1，000，000，000One billion十億十億 (首位首位/10) billion10，000，000，000Ten billion一百億 (首位/10) billion100，000，000，000One hundred billion一

6、千億 (首位/10) billion1，000，000，000，000One trillion一兆（萬億）1三位以內(nèi)數(shù)字的口譯三位以內(nèi)數(shù)字的口譯n三位以內(nèi)數(shù)字的漢英互譯在語言表達上基本一致，各數(shù)字都有相應(yīng)的詞，無須推算，只要按英語和漢語的習(xí)慣讀出數(shù)字就行了。只是英語的百位和十位之間一般要加“and”。n15fifteen35thirty-five101one hundred and one207two hundred and seven370three hundred and seventy414four hundred and fourteen839eight hundred and thi

7、rty-nine948nine hundred and forty-eight2四位以上數(shù)字的口譯四位以上數(shù)字的口譯n（1）“點三杠四法”是根據(jù)英漢兩種語言數(shù)字分節(jié)方法的不同而專門設(shè)計的。英文數(shù)字是三位一節(jié)，漢語數(shù)字是四位一節(jié)。英文數(shù)字以逗點從右至左每三位一點，漢語數(shù)字以斜杠從右至左每四位一劃。a. 聽到漢語數(shù)字：“十五億三千九百八十七萬六千三百二十一”b. 在筆記上記下：“15億3987萬6321”c. 從右至左按英語計數(shù)方式三位一點：“1,5億39,87萬6,321”d. 在每個逗點下方標(biāo)記英文計數(shù)單位：“1,b539,m876,th321”e. 讀出英文: “one billion fi

8、ve hundred thirty-nine million eight hundred seventy-six thousand three hundred and twenty-one”a.聽到英文數(shù)字：“thirty-six million seven hundred twenty-fourthousand six hundred and thirty-one” b.在筆記上記下: “36m724th631”c.從左至右按漢語計數(shù)方式每四位一劃: “36m72/4th631”d.在每個斜線下標(biāo)出漢語計數(shù)單位：“3672/萬4631”e.讀出漢語: “ 三千六百七十二萬四千六百三十一”n（

9、2）是針對數(shù)字中有空位的情況下而設(shè)計的。如上例中，假如每一位上都有數(shù)字，那么翻譯時直接使用“點三杠四”法即可。但如果某些數(shù)位為零時，情況就要復(fù)雜一些。首先要注意數(shù)字中是否有零數(shù)位，有幾個零數(shù)位，然后及時補零。此時就要注意漢語數(shù)字是以“千”位起始的四位一節(jié)，而英語數(shù)字是以hundred(百位)起始的三位一節(jié)。a. 聽到漢語數(shù)字：“六億零五十八萬零三十六”b. 在筆記上記下：“6億58萬36”c. 按照漢語數(shù)字每節(jié)四位的特點從右至左補零：“6億0058萬0036”d. 從右至左按英語計數(shù)方式三位一點：“6億00,58萬0,036”e. 在每個逗點下方標(biāo)記英文計數(shù)單位：“600,m580,th036

10、”f. 讀出英文：“six hundred million five hundred eighty thousand and thirty-six”a.聽到英文數(shù)字：“one hundred billion thirty-six million seven thousand and forty-one”b.在筆記中記下：“100b36m7th41”c.按照英語數(shù)字每節(jié)三位的特點從右至左補零：“100b036m007th041”d.從左至右按漢語計數(shù)方式每四位一劃：“100b0/36m00/7th041”e.在每個斜線下標(biāo)出漢語計數(shù)單位：“1000/億3600/萬7041”f.讀出漢語：“一千億

11、三千六百萬七千零四十一”n實踐是訓(xùn)練數(shù)字互譯的根本途徑?？谧g教學(xué)要集中一段時間專門進行數(shù)字口譯訓(xùn)練。譯員只有經(jīng)過大量反復(fù)的數(shù)字口譯實踐才能掌握英漢數(shù)字互譯的不同特點和規(guī)律，達到數(shù)字互譯脫口而出，快速、準(zhǔn)確的程度。 nPractice InRead the following figures in Chinese: 3,8993,9087,00930,00990,59179,301780,120504,781312,6852,345,4101,129,1051,001,45331,289,09810,209,01324,155,876160,890,232101,870,171278,067,9

12、911,898,220,0001,029,991,12490,892,134,783672,009,719,2298,890,234,891,889135,481,901,270n六萬n五十七萬n四百七十六萬n九百六十一萬n五千九百三十三萬n七百五十億n十一億七千五百萬n三千五百三十八萬五千n九億三千六百七十七萬七千1369n one thousand three hundred and sixty-nine2010ntwo thousand and ten4705nfour thousand seven hundred and five6003nsix thousand and three1

13、5600nfifteen thousand six hundred75426391nseventy five million, four hundred and twenty-six thousand, three hundred and ninety-one564000000nfive hundred and sixty-four million1250000000none billion two hundred and fifty millionn序數(shù)詞特殊口譯法序數(shù)詞特殊口譯法漢語中有些用序數(shù)詞提問的問題，翻譯在英語時，要改變提漢語中有些用序數(shù)詞提問的問題，翻譯在英語時，要改變提問法，不

14、能按漢語的思路直譯，要按英語序數(shù)詞的習(xí)慣表達問法，不能按漢語的思路直譯，要按英語序數(shù)詞的習(xí)慣表達法說，否則會言不由衷。以下是正確的表達法法說，否則會言不由衷。以下是正確的表達法：n例1：這是您第幾次訪問中國？nHow many times have you been to China?nIs this your first visit to China?nThis isnt your first visit to China, is it?n例2：這孩子是（您的）老幾呀？nIs this your eldest youngestson daughter?n分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分數(shù)和

15、小數(shù)的口譯分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯 Fractions(cardinal no./ordinal no.)六分之一：六分之一： 二分之一：二分之一：四分之一：四分之一：四分之三：四分之三：one-sixtha/one halfa/one quarterthree quarters分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯五分之二：五分之二：十分之七：十分之七：千分之三：千分之三：two-fifthsseven-tenthsthree-thousandths分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯六又七分之四：六又七分之四：六又二分之一：六又二分之一：九又四分之三：九又四分之三：six and four-sevenths

16、six and a halfnine and three quarters分數(shù)和分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯小數(shù)的口譯0.7:0.546: 0.009%:point seven; zero point sevenpoint five four sixzero point o o nine percent分數(shù)和分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯小數(shù)的口譯9.007：87.36%:nine point 0 0 seven； nine point zero zero seven eighty-seven point three six percent分數(shù)和分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯小數(shù)的口譯0.8 萬萬 ：0.7億：億：0.93億：億：5

17、6.08萬：萬：8，000；eight thousand70,000,000; seventy million93,000,000; ninety-three million560,800; five hundred and sixty thousand eight hundredn比例讀法比例讀法n3:5 三比五 the ratio of three to five n3:6=4:8 三比六等于四比八 three is to six as four to eight 或 three divided by six equals four divided by eight. n不成比例 out

18、of proportion n模糊數(shù)字的口譯 口譯中經(jīng)常遇到一些模糊數(shù)字，如“幾個”、“十幾個”、“幾十個”、“成百上千個”等等。模糊數(shù)字的口譯雖也有一定的規(guī)律，但主要靠平時熟記，用時才能熟練自如，準(zhǔn)確無誤。注意以下模糊數(shù)字的口譯。模糊數(shù)字的口譯模糊數(shù)字的口譯n幾個 n十幾個 n幾十個 n幾十年 n七十好幾了 n好幾百個 n成千上萬 n幾十萬 nsome; a few;/several; a number ofnmore than 10; no more than twentyndozens ofnDecadesnwell over seventynhundreds ofnthousands

19、ofnhundreds of thousands ofNote the following ways of uncertain numbers： well over seventyin her/his early twentiesin her/his late thirties nearly/almost eighty (years old)hundreds ofhundreds of thousands ofmillions ofhundreds of millions ofhalf a centurycentennial CenturyFigures in InterpretingLect

20、ure 4nlead-in Practice n8666 : n801806： n2009005： n363605401： n45060130： n945063505：n n1278865000n n12.5 millionn n15.28 billion n n1.03 trillionn n5.8萬元n 58,000 yuann166.68萬噸n 1,666,800 tonsn866.9萬人次n 8,669,000 visitorsn436.75萬名新生n 4,367,500 newcomersn特殊倍數(shù)的表達A is N times larger（longer，heavier）than

21、B.A is larger（longer，heavier）than B by N times.A is N times as large（long，heavy）as B.這三句英語的含義都是“A的大小(長度、重量)是B的N倍”，或者“A比B大（長、重）N-1倍”。根據(jù)以上規(guī)律，請看下面英語句子的漢譯：n(1) The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.n地球的大小是月球的49倍。(或地球比月球大48倍)n(3) Within 30 years there will be twice as many urban people as countrysid

22、e people in the world.n30年內(nèi)，全世界的城市居民將是農(nóng)村人口的兩倍。n“增/減了百分之幾”英語和漢語的含義一致，都表示凈增或凈減百分數(shù)。英漢增/減百分數(shù)的表示法有以下幾種：n1) 增/減了%nincrease/rise/grow%ndecrease/drop/fall/sink %n或者nincrease/rise/grow/go up by %ndecrease/drop/fall/go down by %nBetween 1986 and 1987, Nikes sales dropped 18 percent and profits decreased by mo

23、re than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok.n與“銳步”鞋業(yè)競爭的結(jié)果，從1986到1987年， 耐克（鞋）的銷售額下降了18%，利潤下降了40%多。n2) 與相比，增/減了%nincrease/rise/grow /go up by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to / overndecrease/drop/fall/go down by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to /overn1999年

24、，普通高校招生規(guī)模比上年擴大了47.4%。 University and college enrollment in 1999 increased by 47.4 percent over the previous year. 由于漢語很少用“減少了若干倍”的說法，而多用“減少了百分之幾”或“減少了幾成”的說法，因此，減少多用百分數(shù)和分數(shù)表示。 (1) 由于水災(zāi)，去年的收成減少了三成。Owing to flood, the crop last year was declined by 30 percent.(2) 該公司的員工裁減了近三分之一。The personnel of the comp

25、any have been reduced nearly by one-third.n, a % increase over the previous/last yearn, ayear-on-yearincreaseofn去年收入總計人民幣150億元，比上年增長20%nThe of last year totaled RMB 15 b yuan, a 20% increase over the previous year.nShort expressionsn失業(yè)率 nunemployment rate n通貨膨脹率 ninflation rate n增長率 ngrowth rate n出生

26、率 nbirth rate n死亡率 ndeath rate, mortality (rate) n利率 ninterest rate n匯率，兌換率 nexchange rate n收入 nearning, income, revenue n總收入 ngross income/ earnings n凈收入 nnet income n支出 nexpenditure, outgoings n總成本ntotal cost n國民生產(chǎn)總值 nGNP(Gross National Product) n國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 nGDP(Gross Domestic Product) n順差 nsurplus n逆

27、差n trade deficit n 吞吐量 nthroughput n貨幣的貶值 ndevaluation of the currency n升值 nappreciationncapital appreciation n銷售額 nsales volume n利潤額 nprofit margin n投資總額 ntotal investmentn產(chǎn)量noutput n投資回報 nreturns n高回報率 nhigh returns n營業(yè)額 nbusiness volume/turnover n貿(mào)易額 nforeign trade volumen全國財政收入全國財政收入nNationalrev

28、enuenPractice n20062006年年全國財政收入全國財政收入萬億萬億元，元，比上年增加比上年增加億億元元nIn2006,Nationalrevenuereached3.93trillionyuan,ayear-on-yearincreaseof769.4billionyuan.（比上年增加）（比上年增加）n上海上海占地面積占地面積63416341平方公里，人平方公里，人口口18701870萬，其中流動人口萬，其中流動人口2 2百萬。百萬。nShanghaicoversanareaof6341squarekilometerswithapopulationof18.7million,

29、includingatransientpopulationof2million.n20012001年中國進出口總額達到年中國進出口總額達到50985098億美元億美元，是，是19981998年的年的4.64.6倍。倍。nIn2001,Chinastotalimportandexportvolumereached$509.8billion,4.6timesasmuchasthatin1998.n到2020年實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻兩番,達到40,000億美元左右nQuadruple nBy 2020, Chinas GDP will quadruple that of 2000 to ap

30、proximately 4 trillion USD.n今年的糧食產(chǎn)量比去年增長2成. n20%nThe of grain this year increased by 20% over the last year. 如下列句子中劃線的詞匯：nThe area of cultivated land decreased by 7.6 million hectares, but the yield per hectare rose by an average of 180 kg.nAverage annual grain supply per person grow from 200 to 400

31、kg, and meat from 9 to 15kg. 英語中有豐富的描述數(shù)字上升、下降或穩(wěn)定的詞匯，即趨勢語（trend language）。下面列舉一些英語中常用來表達趨勢的詞匯：下面列舉一些英語中常用來表達趨勢的詞匯：n表示上升趨勢：表示上升趨勢：nan increase增加, a rise提高, a climb爬升, a jump上升, a growth增長;n to increase增加, to rise提高, to climb爬升, to jump上升, to grow增長, to reach升至, to go up上升。n表示下降趨勢表示下降趨勢：na fall下降, a dr

32、op跌落, a decline下跌, a decrease減少; nto fall下降, to drop跌落, to decline下跌,n to go down下降, to bottom out降至最低點, to slow down減速n表示穩(wěn)定：表示穩(wěn)定：nto remain (stable)保持，不變，穩(wěn)定，維持; nto stand at不變，穩(wěn)定，維持; nto level out (off)平衡，穩(wěn)定TheBritish&USSystemLength長度mile/mi 英里=1,609km yard/yd 碼=0.914m foot/ft 英尺=30.48cm inch/i

33、n 英寸=2.54cmWeight 重量pound 磅=0.454kg ounce 盎司=28.35gTemperature 溫度C (Centigrade) 攝氏=(F-32)5/9F (Fahrenheit) 華氏=C9/5+32n實戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練DifficultyLevelI:SentencesIndia covers an area of 3287590 square kilometers with a population of 1029991145.Japan covers an area of 377835 square kilometers with a population of

34、129771662.Thailand, covers an area of 514000 square kilometers with a population of 61797751.Russiacovers an area of 17075200 square kilometers with a population of 145470197.TheUnitedStates has a population of 269857000 with a total area of 9372610 square kilometers, or 3618785 square miles.Canada,

35、 a country with a population of only 28529000 has a total area larger than that of the United States, that is, an area of 9946140 square kilometers, or 3851788 square miles.Shortparas.1. In 2001, Chinas GDP reached 9.5933 trillion yuan, almost tripling that of 1989, representing an average annual in

36、crease of 9.3 percent.n二00一年,我國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達到九萬五千九百三十三億元,比一九八九年增長近兩倍,年均增長百分之九點三。2. China hit 9.1 percent in GDP growth in 2003, despite the impact of SARS epidemic, a record since the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s.n盡管有非典的影響,2003年中國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長率達9.1%,創(chuàng)18世紀(jì)90年代后期亞洲金融危機以來的最高紀(jì)錄。3. In 1999, Chinas gros

37、s domestic product (GDP), which came to only RMB 362.41 billion yuan in 1978, amounted to 7955.3 billion yuan, 20-fold increase over 1978. 1999年,中國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達到79553億元,相比1978年的3624.1億元,增長了20倍。注: 20-fold 20倍many-fold 許多倍4. Chinas GDP in 1997 amounts to US$902 billion. This figure ranks No.7. From 1979 to

38、 1997, Chinas average annual growth rate is 9.8 percent, 6.5 percentage points higher than that of the world.n1997年中國的國民生產(chǎn)總值達到9020億美元,在世界排名第七。從1979年到1997年,中國的平均年增長率的為9.8%,比世界平均值高出6.5個百分點n國民經(jīng)濟繼續(xù)保持平穩(wěn)較快增長。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值超過30萬億元，比上年增長9%；物價總水平漲幅得到控制；財政收入6.13萬億元，增長19.5%；糧食連續(xù)五年增產(chǎn)，總產(chǎn)量10570億斤，創(chuàng)歷史最高水平。nThe national ec

39、onomy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 mill

40、ion tons, a record high.nThe national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth

41、 consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.nPracticen主席先生，n女士們、先生們：n今天歐亞國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人再次在此聚會，3. 在平等、友好的基礎(chǔ)上，2. 就廣泛領(lǐng)域里的合作以及建立新型的歐亞伙伴關(guān)系，1.交換我們的意見。nMr. Chairman,nLadies and gentlemen, n Today, we leaders of Aisan andnEuropean countries meet here again. We will exchange views on cooperation

42、in a wide range of areas and on the building of a new Aisa-Europe partnership on the basis of equality and in a friendly manner. （building 動詞變名詞；equality 形容詞變名詞）nMr. Chairman,nLadies and gentlemen, n Today, we leaders of Aisan andnEuropean countries meet here again. We will exchange views on cooperation in a wide range of areas and on the building of a new Aisa-Europe partnership on the basis of equality and