大學(xué)英語實(shí)用翻譯教程3

1、教案3 Translation before Class I entered the hotel managers office and sat down. I had just lost $50 and I felt very upset. I left the money in my room, I said, and its not there now. The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. Everyones losing money these days, he said. He started to compla

2、in about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained $50. I found this outside this gentlemans room, she said. Well, I said to the manager, there is still some honesty in this world!教案2教學(xué)內(nèi)容教學(xué)內(nèi)容第二章 翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)與技巧2.2 詞匯的翻譯技巧 復(fù)習(xí)

3、概念(詞語的分隔、多枝共干） 2.2.1 增詞法 2.2.2 重復(fù)法 課堂練習(xí) 課后作業(yè)2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧所謂增詞法，就是在原文的基礎(chǔ)上添加必要的單詞、詞組、分句或完整句，從而使譯文在語法、語言形式上符合漢語的習(xí)慣并使譯文在文化背景、詞語聯(lián)想方面與原文保持一致，以達(dá)到譯文與原文在內(nèi)容、形式和精神方面對(duì)等起來的目的。這種翻譯技巧叫做增詞法。 2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧增詞法適用的兩種情況增詞法適用的兩種情況一、增加語義上、修辭上需要的詞語：英語原文中雖無省略，但卻有某種意思寓于字里行間，翻譯時(shí)需要增加詞語表達(dá)這種隱含意義，使整個(gè)句子的意思貼切，使譯文更加明快達(dá)意。二、增補(bǔ)原文

4、中省略的詞語：英語根據(jù)其語法可以省略某些詞語而句子意義仍能完整地加以表達(dá)，但譯成漢語時(shí)通常必須增補(bǔ)省略的詞語才能使意思完整清晰。2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧根據(jù)語義上和修辭上的需要增加動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞、副詞；增加表達(dá)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞、增加表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的詞、增加量詞、增加概括詞、增加承上啟下的詞。1) Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成能量，能量可以物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成能量，能量可以轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)化為物質(zhì)。為物質(zhì)。2）It will make a man of him in the college. 在那所大學(xué)里，

5、一定能把他造就成在那所大學(xué)里，一定能把他造就成堂堂的堂堂的男子漢。男子漢。3) He began to see things and to understand. 他開了眼界，明白了一些他開了眼界，明白了一些事理事理。4）After the thunderstorm, the clouds melted away. 雷雨過后，烏云雷雨過后，烏云漸漸漸漸散去。散去。5）Newsmen went flying off to Mexico. 記者記者紛紛紛紛飛到墨西哥去了。飛到墨西哥去了。6）Britains railway system is being improved. 英國的鐵路系統(tǒng)正英國的

6、鐵路系統(tǒng)正日益日益完善。完善。7）A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一輪一輪紅日從風(fēng)平浪靜的海面冉冉升起。紅日從風(fēng)平浪靜的海面冉冉升起。8）The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of messages. 美日美日雙方雙方在完全保密的情況下互相交換了信件。在完全保密的情況下互相交換了信件。9）Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of the fashion. 不錯(cuò)

7、，我喜歡中國菜?，F(xiàn)在很多人喜歡中國菜，不錯(cuò)，我喜歡中國菜?，F(xiàn)在很多人喜歡中國菜，這種情況這種情況算算 是有點(diǎn)趕時(shí)髦吧！是有點(diǎn)趕時(shí)髦吧！2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧根據(jù)句法上的需要1.增補(bǔ)原文中省略部分、2.增補(bǔ)表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語、3.增補(bǔ)/重復(fù)同位語結(jié)構(gòu)中的先行詞1)We dont retreat，we never have and never will. 我們不后退，我們從沒有我們不后退，我們從沒有后退過后退過，將來也決不，將來也決不后退后退。2)The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature. 即使是即使是最強(qiáng)有力的人也不能改變自然法則

8、。最強(qiáng)有力的人也不能改變自然法則。3)Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity. 水可由能量來分解，所謂水可由能量來分解，所謂能量能量也就是電能也就是電能2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧課堂練習(xí)課堂練習(xí)As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下就講開了，他一坐下就講開了，滔滔不絕地滔滔不絕地講個(gè)沒完。講個(gè)沒完。With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中國人民正在

9、以多么中國人民正在以多么高的高的熱情建設(shè)社會(huì)主義?。崆榻ㄔO(shè)社會(huì)主義??！ There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers. 沒有沒有發(fā)表發(fā)表講話，沒有各國外交官講話，沒有各國外交官到場到場，也沒有，也沒有“普通中國普通中國人人”揮舞揮舞紙旗、花束的場面。紙旗、花束的場面。2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧Mary washed for a living after her husband died. 瑪麗在丈夫去世后，就靠洗瑪麗

10、在丈夫去世后，就靠洗衣服衣服維持生活。維持生活。This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.這臺(tái)打字機(jī)真是這臺(tái)打字機(jī)真是價(jià)價(jià)廉廉物物美。美。After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.一切準(zhǔn)備一切準(zhǔn)備工作工作就緒以后，飛機(jī)就橫穿美國飛往舊金山。就緒以后，飛機(jī)就橫穿美國飛往舊金山。He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own s

11、on guilty.他讓法官的他讓法官的職責(zé)職責(zé)戰(zhàn)勝了父子的戰(zhàn)勝了父子的私情私情，而判決他兒子有罪。，而判決他兒子有罪。2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧- When are they due to arrive? - In about two hours. “他們定于什么時(shí)候到達(dá)？他們定于什么時(shí)候到達(dá)？” “兩個(gè)小時(shí)以后兩個(gè)小時(shí)以后到達(dá)到達(dá)。”She majors in Psychology and her brother in Sociology. 她主修心理學(xué)，她弟弟她主修心理學(xué)，她弟弟主修主修社會(huì)學(xué)。社會(huì)學(xué)。Better be wise by the defeat of others t

12、han by your own. 從別人的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)比從自己的從別人的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)比從自己的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)更好。更好。2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧 漢譯英的增詞主要是使譯文符合英語的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣，增添必要的代詞、冠詞、介詞或連接詞。 大作收到，十分高興。大作收到，十分高興。 I am very glad to have received your writing. 我們響應(yīng)了祖國的號(hào)召。我們響應(yīng)了祖國的號(hào)召。 We responded to the call of our motherland.2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧 漢譯英的增詞主要是使譯文符合英語的語

13、法結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣，增添必要的代詞、冠詞、介詞或連接詞。我們對(duì)問題要作全面的分析，才能解決得妥當(dāng)。我們對(duì)問題要作全面的分析，才能解決得妥當(dāng)。We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be properly solved.我們應(yīng)該逐步消滅城鄉(xiāng)差別。我們應(yīng)該逐步消滅城鄉(xiāng)差別。We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country. 我媽媽來了，我得回去了。我媽媽來了，我得回去了。My mother has arrived, so I ha

14、ve to leave now.2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧 2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧重復(fù)法是指在譯文中適當(dāng)?shù)刂貜?fù)原文中出現(xiàn)的詞 語，以使意思表達(dá)得更加清楚，或者進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)語氣、突出強(qiáng)調(diào)某些內(nèi)容，收到更好的修辭效果。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，筆記使人準(zhǔn)確。重復(fù)法有三個(gè)作用：重復(fù)法有三個(gè)作用： 一、為了明確 二、為了強(qiáng)調(diào) 三、為了生動(dòng) 2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧 一、為了明確 1）重復(fù)作賓語的

15、名詞： We have to analyze and solve problems. 我們要分析問題，解決問題。 Lets discuss our studying and living conditions. 咱們來討論討論學(xué)習(xí)條件和生活條件吧。 2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧 一、為了明確 2)重復(fù)介詞短語中所省略的名詞: The story of Shenzhen is a story of development, of reform. 深圳的故事是發(fā)展的故事，改革的故事。 2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧 一、為了明確 3)重復(fù)作先行詞的名詞或作同位語的名詞:Thank you f

16、or your help, which enabled me to get out of difficulty.感謝你的幫助。正是你的幫助才使得我度過難關(guān)。Jesse opened his eyes which were filled with tears.杰西睜開眼睛，眼里滿是淚水。 )重復(fù)代詞:He is your friend and mine, too.他是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。 This is my viewpoint, but not theirs.這是我的觀點(diǎn)，不是他們的觀點(diǎn)。2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧 一、為了明確5）重復(fù)英語中強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系代詞或強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系副詞: whoeve

17、r, whenever, wherever等，Whoever breaks the law should be punished.誰犯法，誰就該受到懲罰。Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution.哪里有殘酷的壓迫，哪里就有革命。2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧 一、為了明確6）省略英語中的內(nèi)容 I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he. 我已提前完成了交給我的工作，他也提前完成了交給他的工作。 You can stand on y

18、our hands, so can I. 你會(huì)倒立，我也會(huì)倒立。2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧二、為了強(qiáng)調(diào) 英語一般情況下盡量避免重復(fù)，但有時(shí)采用有意 識(shí)的重復(fù)，以起到強(qiáng)烈的修辭效果。 What we want ，first and foremost，is to learn，to learn and to learn. 我們首先需要的是學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)，再學(xué)習(xí)。 Home is home，be it ever so homely. 盡管簡陋，家總是家。2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧三、為了生動(dòng) 英語原文中即使沒有詞的重復(fù)，翻譯時(shí)為使譯文生動(dòng)，有時(shí)也采用一些重復(fù)手段。 1）使用重疊詞： Joan

19、had it all written out clearly. 瓊把它寫得清清楚楚。 Most peoples life are flat. 大多數(shù)人的生活是平平淡淡的。2.2 詞匯翻譯技巧詞匯翻譯技巧 2）運(yùn)用四字詞組：gratitude 感恩戴德； prosperity 繁榮昌盛；arrogance 驕傲自大；happy 興高采烈；sad 傷心失意； careless 粗心大意；課堂練習(xí)：課堂練習(xí)：They asked for promises that be cashed in one week. 他們要求得到承諾，而這些承諾要在一周內(nèi)兌現(xiàn)。Here comes his girlfrie

20、nd, a very pretty and sweet girl.他女朋友來了。他女朋友可是個(gè)漂亮女孩。 課堂練習(xí)：課堂練習(xí)：There have been too much publicity about her affair with the manager. 她與經(jīng)理的桃色事件已是滿城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知了。The trial, in his opinion, was absolutely fair. 他認(rèn)為這次判決絕對(duì)是公平合理的。They talked about his hometown, about his family, about his work and about his fu

21、ture. 他們談到他的家鄉(xiāng)，談到他的家庭，談到他的工作，還談到他的前程。I want to talk to you about the future, about our future together.我想和你談?wù)勎磥?談?wù)勎覀児餐奈磥怼ractice after Class Many people dislike doing housework. In the past all housework was done by the housewife. A traditional housewife usually arose early, before dawn, in order

22、to fix breakfast and to wake her family. She nudged, prodded, and yelled until everyone was finally out of bed. While everyone else was showering, shaving, and dressing, she was frying eggs and making coffee. One by one, the family members came down to the kitchen. When each person sat down, the housewife served him or her breakfast. And how is todays housework done? Womens statu