《gmat語法教學(xué)課件》第8課時(shí)—垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)

1、垂懸修飾1ppt課件垂懸修飾概念所謂垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)（The Dangling Construction）就是一個(gè)句子成分，如分詞短語，不定式動(dòng)詞短語等，找不到被修飾的主語或被修飾的對(duì)象不合邏輯。句首的短語的邏輯主語和其后句子的主語不一致。比如：Driving to Florida, the dog needed to stop often.Driving to Florida, we needed to stop often because of the dog.2ppt課件 Using the Fujita Scale, a tornados intensity can be rated on a

2、 scale of zero to six in order to predict possible damage and warn people in its path. Using the Fujian Scale, scientists can rate a tornados intensity on a scale of zero to six in order to predict possible damage and warn people in its path.3ppt課件分詞短語同位語形容詞短語介詞短語不定式短語4ppt課件垂懸分詞或分詞短語Climbing up the

3、hill, several boars were seen by explorers.改正方法：(a)確定是邏輯主語，使句子變成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”(b)把現(xiàn)在分詞短語擴(kuò)大為副詞分句（也稱狀語從句）：“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”5ppt課件Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities

4、of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, Chinas first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete.(A) the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, Chinas

5、 fi rst emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete(B) Qin Shi Huang, Chinas first emperor, was protected in his afterlife by an army of terra cotta warriors that was created more than 2,000 years ago by 700,000 artisans who took mo

6、re than 36 years to complete it(C) it took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to create an army of terra-cottawarriors more than 2,000 years ago that would protect Qin Shi Huang, Chinas first emperor, in his afterlife (D) more than 2,000 years ago, 700,000 artisans worked more than 36 years to crea

7、te an army of terra-cotta warriors to protect Qin Shi Huang, Chinas first emperor, in his afterlife (E) more than 36 years were needed to complete the army of terra-cotta warriors that 700,000 artisans created 2,000 years ago to protect Qin Shi Huang, Chinas first emperor, in his afterlife6ppt課件Riva

8、ling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, Chinas first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete.(A) the army of terra-c

9、otta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, Chinas fi rst emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete(B) Qin Shi Huang, Chinas first emperor, was protected in his afterlife by an army of terra cotta warriors that was created mor

10、e than 2,000 years ago by 700,000 artisans who took more than 36 years to complete it(C) it took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to create an army of terra-cottawarriors more than 2,000 years ago that would protect Qin Shi Huang, Chinas first emperor, in his afterlife (D) more than 2,000 years a

11、go, 700,000 artisans worked more than 36 years to create an army of terra-cotta warriors to protect Qin Shi Huang, Chinas first emperor, in his afterlife (E) more than 36 years were needed to complete the army of terra-cotta warriors that 700,000 artisans created 2,000 years ago to protect Qin Shi H

12、uang, Chinas first emperor, in his afterlife7ppt課件 Spanning more than 50 years, Friedrich Muller began his career in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.(A) Muller began his career in

13、 an unpromising apprenticeship as(B) Mullers career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as(C) Mullers career began with the unpromising apprenticeship of being(D) Muller had begun his career with the unpromising apprenticeship of being(E) the career of Muller has begun with an unpromising apprent

14、iceship of8ppt課件 Spanning more than 50 years, Friedrich Muller began his career in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.(A) Muller began his career in an unpromising apprenticeship as(

15、B) Mullers career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as(C) Mullers career began with the unpromising apprenticeship of being(D) Muller had begun his career with the unpromising apprenticeship of being(E) the career of Muller has begun with an unpromising apprenticeship of9ppt課件同位語A leading figur

16、e in the Scottish Enlightenment, Adam Smiths two major books are to democratic capitalism what Marxs Das Kapital is to socialism. (A) Adam Smiths two major books are to democratic capitalism what (B) Adam Smiths two major books are to democratic capitalism like (C) Adam Smiths two major books are to

17、 democratic capitalism just as (D) Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism similar to (E) Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what10ppt課件同位語A leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, Adam Smiths two major books are to democratic capitali

18、sm what Marxs Das Kapital is to socialism. (A) Adam Smiths two major books are to democratic capitalism what (B) Adam Smiths two major books are to democratic capitalism like (C) Adam Smiths two major books are to democratic capitalism just as (D) Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democra

19、tic capitalism similar to (E) Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what11ppt課件形容詞短語Though subject to the same wild-animal control efforts that killed off almost all the wolves in North America over the past century, the coyotes amazing ability of adapting to the presenc

20、e of humans has enabled it to expend its range into Alaska and Central America.coyotes amazing ability of adapting to the presence of humans has enabled it to expend itscoyote, because of its amazing ability of adapting to the presence of humans, have been able to expand theircoyote, because of its

21、amazing ability to adapt to the presence of humans, has been able to expand itsamazing ability of the coyote to adapt to the presence of humans have enabled it to expand theamazing ability of the coyote to adapt to the presence of humans has enabled it to expand the 12ppt課件垂懸介詞短語After putting a shri

22、mp on the hook, the fish began to bite.改正:(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.13ppt課件介詞短語As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler was one

23、of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generations of actors including Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro. A.Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generations of actors including B.Stella Adler, one of th

24、e most influential artists in the American theater, trained several generations of actors who include C.Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training several generations of actors whose ranks included D. one of the most influential artists in the American the

25、ater was Stella Adler, who trained several generations of actors including E.one of the most influential artists in the American theater, Stella Adler, trained several generations of actors whose ranks included14ppt課件介詞短語As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler was o

26、ne of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generations of actors including Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro. A. Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generations of actors including B. Stella Adler, one

27、of the most influential artists in the American theater, trained several generations of actors who include C. Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training several generations of actors whose ranks included D. one of the most influential artists in the Americ

28、an theater was Stella Adler, who trained several generations of actors including E. one of the most influential artists in the American theater, Stella Adler, trained several generations of actors whose ranks included15ppt課件In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is h

29、igher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.(A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in (B) rice has protein of higher quality than that in (C) the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in(D) rice protein is higher in quality than i

30、t is in (E) rice has a protein higher in quality than介詞短語16ppt課件In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.(A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in (B) rice has p

31、rotein of higher quality than that in (C) the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in(D) rice protein is higher in quality than it is in (E) rice has a protein higher in quality than介詞短語17ppt課件垂懸不定式動(dòng)詞短語To write well, a lot of practice is needed.To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging

32、 is a must.改正(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.18ppt課件不定式短語To spread the word about mortgage servicers, a fact sheet that outlines ones legal rights if you get caught in a mortgage servin

33、g mess has been put together by the Federal Trade Commission. (A) a fact sheet that outlines ones legal rights if you get caught in a mortgage serving mess has been put together by the Federal Trade Commission (B) an outline of ones legal rights has been put together by the Federal Trade Commission

34、if one gets caught up in a mortgaging mess on a fact sheet (C) should you get caught in a mortgaging mess, a fact sheet outlining your legal rights has been put together by the Federal Trade Commission (D) there is a fact sheet put together by the Federal Trade Commission, which outlines ones legal

35、rights in a mortgage servicing mess (E) the Federal Trade Commission has put together a fact sheet that outlines your legal rights if you get caught in a mortgage servicing mess19ppt課件不定式短語To spread the word about mortgage servicers, a fact sheet that outlines ones legal rights if you get caught in

36、a mortgage serving mess has been put together by the Federal Trade Commission. (A) a fact sheet that outlines ones legal rights if you get caught in a mortgage serving mess has been put together by the Federal Trade Commission (B) an outline of ones legal rights has been put together by the Federal

37、Trade Commission if one gets caught up in a mortgaging mess on a fact sheet (C) should you get caught in a mortgaging mess, a fact sheet outlining your legal rights has been put together by the Federal Trade Commission (D) there is a fact sheet put together by the Federal Trade Commission, which out

38、lines ones legal rights in a mortgage servicing mess (E) the Federal Trade Commission has put together a fact sheet that outlines your legal rights if you get caught in a mortgage servicing mess20ppt課件倍數(shù)表達(dá)法i. x times(twice) + the + n. (twice還能做determiner)ii. x times adj. (比較形式) thaniii. x times as a

39、dj. as 注意里面的adj.要和前面的名詞匹配 A do x times as adj. x as B do iv. x times + what 分句 (名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞)v. x-foldvi. double, triple, quadruple, quintuple, sextupleVii. X times more than21ppt課件關(guān)于twice用法1. twice做副詞，后面接形容詞和副詞：twice as manyas; twice as muchas; The farm has more than twice as many cows as it has pigs

40、.: 農(nóng)場(chǎng)有多于豬兩倍多的牛的數(shù)量（農(nóng)場(chǎng)牛的數(shù)量比豬的兩倍還要多）。（很多人會(huì)誤讀為豬比牛多。）解讀方法：可以類比一下A has B twice as many as C這個(gè)比較句型也可以寫為A has twice as many B as C. 所以句子的核心是A has B，即：The farm has cows. #1. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.#

41、2. 如A does B, twice as.as，因?yàn)閍s.as.是形容詞就近修飾B，即as.as.本身是同位語修飾詞，所以twice as.as.就是同位修飾語(appositive modifier); 22ppt課件2. twice做限定詞, 后面接名詞性成分：twice + n.(可以是代詞，比如that); twice + what從句; #1. In the 1980s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearly twice what it was in the 1970s.#2. In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were produced in the United States, but in 1929 almost twice that number of trucks alone came off the assembly lines.#3. American productivity is declining in relation to Europes