英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)完美解釋PPT課件

1、句子成份 句子一般由兩個部分組成：主語部分（ subject group）謂語部分（ predicate group） 句子成份：主主 謂謂 賓賓 表表補(bǔ)補(bǔ)定定 狀狀第1頁/共31頁Members of sentence: S - subjectP - predicative O - objectAttri.-attributeAdv.- adverb Oc - object complement 主主賓賓表表補(bǔ)補(bǔ)定定狀狀第2頁/共31頁1) 主語（subject）I like football.The boy needs a pen. 句子的主體，全句述說的對象。一般由句子的主體，全句述說的

2、對象。一般由 擔(dān)任擔(dān)任, ,常置于句首。常置于句首。2) 謂語（predicate）說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。由說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。由 擔(dān)任。常置于主語后。擔(dān)任。常置于主語后。 The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket.,動詞不定式,動名詞 或從句名詞,主格代詞動詞第3頁/共31頁3) 賓語（object）4) 表語（predicative）He won the game. On the desk表示vt.的動作對象或prep.所聯(lián)系的對象。由n.或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tome lost his life in the b

3、ig fire.He is a student.用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。由n.n.或adj.adj.擔(dān)任。置于系動詞之后。第4頁/共31頁除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表感官的動詞:2) 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞:3)表延續(xù)的動詞feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。become, get, grow, turn, go,等remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。第5頁/共31頁5) 賓補(bǔ)（objective complement） 補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況 。由n. /adj. /n. /a

4、dj. /介賓 / /分詞 / /不定式等擔(dān)任。They made him king. I consider the book too expensive. 6) 定語（attributive）對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用的表示, ,通常位于被修飾的成分前。The black bike is mine.( )第6頁/共31頁說明1：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等時，定語要放在其后作后置定語 我告訴他一些有趣的事情。 I tell him something interesting .

5、說明2：不定式、短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。 這間屋子里的男孩子們是10班的。 The boys in the room are in Class Ten. 第7頁/共31頁7) 狀語（adverbial）用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首，一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。I am very sorry.We often help

6、 him.When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . （從句作時間狀語) 第8頁/共31頁句子類型簡單句并列句復(fù)合句第9頁/共31頁.簡單句1. Things changed.2. Trees are green.3. We dont beat children.4. He gave his sister the piano.5. I found the book easy. 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)第10頁/共31頁Nobody went.She beca

7、me a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. PracticePractice 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)第11頁/共31頁.并列句This is me and these are my friends. They must stay in water, or they will die. Its not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so

8、I went to bed. andorbut soHe knocked at the door; there was no answer.Youre alive! And shes dead.第12頁/共31頁名詞性從句狀語從句定語從句主語從句主語從句表語從句表語從句賓語從句賓語從句同位語從句同位語從句.復(fù)合句A plane is a machine that can fly.He said that he didnt like her.第13頁/共31頁狀語從句狀語從句分為九類：時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、 目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1) 時間狀語從句Wait until you are c

9、alled.When spring came, leaves turn green.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等第14頁/共31頁2) 地點狀語從句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where, wherever, anywhere3) 原因狀語從句As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because, as,

10、 since第15頁/共31頁4) 結(jié)果狀語從句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的狀語從句Ill show you so you will see how its done.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, in order that第16頁/共31頁6) 條件狀語從句If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if, unless, in case that, on

11、condition that常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though, although, if even if, even though,7) 讓步狀語從句Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.第17頁/共31頁常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as, as if, as though, how常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, as far as, so long as8) 方式狀語從句He did just as you told him.9) 程度狀語從句So long as you need me, Ill stay. 第18頁/共31頁Hom

12、ework1.復(fù)習(xí)今天所學(xué)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)2.自行復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句的內(nèi)容(三)3.看試卷,做相應(yīng)知識點.第19頁/共31頁名詞性從句名詞性從句1) 主語從句* What he said is not known.* That we shall be late is certain.* It is certain that we shall be late.* How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 第20頁/共31頁2）表語從句* That is what he wants to buy. * The problem is that who

13、we can get to replace her?* The reason is that he has lied to me several times. 第21頁/共31頁3) 賓語從句* I understand that he is well qualified.* He said that he didnt like her. * I dont know if you can help me.第22頁/共31頁4) 同位語從句* Where did you get the idea that I couldnt come?* The question who should do t

14、he work requires consideration.* Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new coat.the ideaThe questiona promise第23頁/共31頁注意！注意！* that與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。* what在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份（主,賓,表）。* That在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。* that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不可省略（賓語從句除外）.That is what he wants to buy.That we shall be late is certain.He said (t

15、hat) he didnt like her.引導(dǎo)詞that & what 第24頁/共31頁狀語從句狀語從句分為九類：時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、 目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1) 時間狀語從句Wait until you are called.When spring came, leaves turn green.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等第25頁/共31頁2) 地點狀語從句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever

16、 you like.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where, wherever, anywhere3) 原因狀語從句As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because, as, since第26頁/共31頁4) 結(jié)果狀語從句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的狀語從句Ill show you so you will see how its done.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, in order that第27頁/共31頁6) 條件狀語從句If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if, unless, in case that, on condition that常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though, although, if even if, even though,7) 讓步狀語從句Though Im