高中英語語法虛擬語氣（沐風(fēng)書屋）

1、The subjunctive mood 虛擬語氣1向陽書屋u 英語有三種不同的語氣: 陳述語氣,祈使語氣和虛擬語氣1.陳述語氣(The indicative Mood) 陳述事實, 提出看法形式有肯定，否定，疑問，感嘆句。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace!2向陽書屋u2.祈使語氣(The Imperative Mood)表請求，邀請，命令，警告或勸告等. Lets have a talk. Dont jump in the queue.3向陽書

2、屋u虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念4向陽書屋u 一、虛擬語氣在條件句中從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去相反與將來相反If+主語+did（be動詞用were)主語+should,would,might,coulddoIf+主語+had done主語should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主語+did2、If+主語+were to+ do3、If+主語+shou

3、ld +do主語should, would might, coulddo5向陽書屋ueg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.如果我是你，我就會更努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我知道他的電話號碼的話，我就給他打電話了如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽If I were you, I would study harder.If I had known his telephon

4、e number, I would have called him.If it should were to rain, we would call off/cancel the match.More practice:6向陽書屋uWhat would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.7向陽書屋uIf I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive

5、car. 8向陽書屋uIf I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.9向陽書屋ua. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.10向陽書屋uc. If the policeman _ (be not) in that

6、room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for the teachers help.were notcould bewerewould ask11向陽書屋uIf he _(drive) more carefully, he _(have)the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 12向陽書屋uIf I _ (learn) how to swim,I _ (be) trapped in this island.had

7、learnt would not have been 13向陽書屋ua. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad got/gottenwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.14向陽書屋uc. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to t

8、he concert together.had metwould have gone15向陽書屋uIf he got up early, he would be on time.16向陽書屋u假如他來了, 我們對他說什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him.假如他看見我, 就會認(rèn)識我。If he should see me, he would know me.17向陽書屋ua. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power .

9、b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks18向陽書屋uc. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.were to controlwould be19向陽書屋u真實條件句時態(tài)關(guān)系 條件狀從 主句 一般現(xiàn)在時 shall/will + V原If he comes, he will br

10、ing his violin.a.虛擬條件句 表示條件是無法實現(xiàn)或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的, 采用虛擬語氣。 b. 真實條件句表示條件是真的或有可能實現(xiàn)的, 采用陳述語氣。20向陽書屋uThe volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案B 真實條件句主句為將來時, 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。21向陽書屋uATTENTION：在真實條件句中,主句不用be going to表將來, 而用shall/will. (wrong) If you leave now, you are nev

11、er going to regret it. (correct) If you leave now, you will never regret it.22向陽書屋u2) 表示真理時,主句謂語動詞不用shall (will) +V原,而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時。23向陽書屋u使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：當(dāng)條件狀從的動作和主句的動作所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，叫做：錯綜時間條件句 動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you wo

12、uld be a college student now.如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學(xué)生了24向陽書屋uIf the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.25向陽書屋u2. if從句中，省略if ，將were，had，should提前，位于句首，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 not不能放在前面。If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.

13、If I had not seen him then, I wouldnt have been very happy.Had I not seen him then, I wouldnt have been very happy.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 26向陽書屋u3、含蓄虛擬語氣 有時為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中通過其它手段來代替條件句。常用介詞with，without，but for（要不是）；連詞or，b

14、ut；副詞otherwise或in that case(如果是那樣的話)。27向陽書屋u1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was busy then.=If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.2. Without/But for his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.28向陽書屋uYo

15、u didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.drove; didnt getdrove; wouldnt getwere driving; wouldnt gethad driven; wouldnt have got29向陽書屋u_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.Were B. Should C.Would D. Will 30向陽書屋uIf you _ with George earlier, you _ s

16、o angry now.talked; would not behad talked; would not bewould talk; would not behad talked; would not have been31向陽書屋uIf we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so seriously now.is not pollutedwould not be pollutedhad not been pollutedwould not have been polluted32向陽書屋uWithout

17、 electricity, human being life _ quite different today.iswill bewould have beenwould be33向陽書屋uBut for his help, I _.should not have succeededhave not succeededdid not succeedhad not succeeded34向陽書屋uHe hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.had scoredscoredwould scorewo

18、uld have scored35向陽書屋u Why didnt you buy it? I _ but I didnt have the money. A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought36向陽書屋u二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用（1）用于賓語從句、wish后面的賓語從句中。 一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在did/were表過去had done表將來would, might, coulddoI wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen t

19、he film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould/might go.37向陽書屋u I wish (that)he_(visit) us tomorrow.I wish (that) he_(visit)us today.I wish he_(visit) us yesterday. would /could /might visitvisitedhad visited38向陽書屋u2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist,(一堅持) order, command,(二命令) suggest, advise, propose,(

20、三建議) require, request, demand, desire(四要求) .We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“時，insist 表示”堅持認(rèn)為“時，用陳述語氣。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen t

21、he money.他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作很滿意那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢39向陽書屋u注意：suggest:表明，暗示 陳述語氣 建議 虛擬語氣Her pale face suggested that she _（be)ill and that she _(send) to hospital immediately.Insist：堅持說，堅持認(rèn)為 陳述語氣 堅持主張，堅持要求 虛擬語氣He insisted that he _(not steal) the money and insisted that he _(set) free.was(should) be senthadnt sto

22、len(should) be set40向陽書屋uThe officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arrived. A. didnt touch B. touched C. be touched D. touch41向陽書屋u 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“shoulddo”should可以省略（2）用于表語從句和同位語從句My idea is that we (should ) think i

23、t over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.42向陽書屋uA.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that sb. should + do我們有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a w

24、alk now. 2 她這樣做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. （3）虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中43向陽書屋uB. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that sb. (should ) doIt is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wo

25、nder that. Sb. (should )+do Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.44向陽書屋uIt is strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is a pity that she cant sing.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam. A. has B. should C. would D. might 45向陽書屋u 1. It is (high / about ) time that sb should do /d

26、id sth.三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only （要是該有多好啊)If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!46向陽書屋uIm getting tired; its time we _ home. A. go B. are going C. went D. should be going47向陽書屋u3. would rather + 從句現(xiàn)在/將來 did過去 had doneI would

27、rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.48向陽書屋uas if / as though（好像）+從句與現(xiàn)在相反 did/were與過去相反 had done與將來相反 would/could/might+ do He looks as if he were an artist.He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.(區(qū)分even if/though)49向陽書屋u注意：若表示的確有某種可能(尤指天氣），也可不用虛擬語氣。E

28、g. Look! The clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain .When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken50向陽書屋u5. even if ( even though)即使Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been bus

29、y then, I would have helped you.51向陽書屋u6.當(dāng)in case, lest, for fear that等引導(dǎo)狀 語從句時, 從句用(should)+do。eg. Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. I shall ring you up lest you (should) forget to come. I took an umbrella along with me for fear that it should/might rain. 在此類情況中, in case引導(dǎo)狀語從句也可不用虛擬語氣, 如:

30、eg. Take your umbrella, in case it rains. 52向陽書屋u四 情態(tài)動詞+ have donecould have done 本來可以- - -might have done 本來可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做 - - 你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比較：didnt need to do 沒必要做

31、也沒有做 - - - 我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本來會去做-我沒有足夠的錢否則我會買那本書的I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.53向陽書屋uChoose the best answer:It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. sho

32、uld D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C.

33、 should be D.wasCAAA54向陽書屋u5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.had been B. has been C. was D. has gone6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be setC. should do; be set D. had done; must be set7. Had you listened to the doctor,

34、 you _ all right now.are B. were C. would beD. would have been8. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would B. should have C. may D. have BBcA55向陽書屋u虛擬語氣高考鏈接1.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday? I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET) A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析:此題A、D明顯不合上下文，

35、因為乙方?jīng)]有去。B選項若為would have則成立，可以理解為I would have come if I hadnt had an unexpected visitor.的簡略式。但此處是would,故應(yīng)排除。只有was going to可得體地表達(dá)“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造訪”這一意思。 56向陽書屋u2.If there were no subjunctive,English_much easier. (NMET) A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be析：觀察題干，可知全句表達(dá)的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語

36、氣。故答案為D。 虛擬語氣高考鏈接3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. (NMET) A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey析：根據(jù)insist后的賓語從句謂語要用(should) do形式規(guī)律，可定正確答案是B。57向陽書屋u虛擬語氣高考鏈接4. I wish I _ you yesterday. A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 析：此題表與過去事實相反的原望，答案應(yīng)為C。 5. Without electricit

37、y human life _ quite different today. (NMET) A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 析：without引出一個含蓄條件句，主句表述的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為D。 58向陽書屋u6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _. (NMET) A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken析；放入水中的鉛筆看上去是斷的，但實際上并非如此，因此是與現(xiàn)在的事實相反，這時as if從句謂語要用一般過去時，故答案為C。 虛擬語氣高考鏈接59向陽書屋u7. _ it _ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress. A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be析：根據(jù)主句謂語形式，可知從句要用had done形式，故應(yīng)