Supplement課件匯總?cè)譸pt完整版課件最全教學(xué)教程整套課件全書電子教案

1、Supplement 1Fixed Assets and Depreciation MethodsClassification of AssetsCurrent Assets(流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)) are assets which can be converted into Cash or consumed within one year or the normal Operating cycle of the businessFixed Assets (固定資產(chǎn))or long-term assets ,refer to those relatively long-lived assets which

2、 are held by a business for use in its operation Two major characteristics of Fixed Assets they are long-lived assets with an economic life covering many accounting periods; they are held for use in the operations of the business, not for resale.Major Categories of Fixed Assets1. property, plant and

3、 equipment, 2. natural resources3. intangible assetsGuangli Services: property, plant and equipment: trucks, equipment, and houseDepreciation Methods of Plant Asset Straight-line methodSum- of-the- years-digits method Double-declining-balance MethodOthers: working hours method, units-of-output metho

4、dDepreciationBook Value Cost - Accumulated Depreciation Accumulated Depreciation Represents the portion of an assets cost that has already been allocated to expense.Book value of last year =salvage valueExample Guangli Services bought additional house-moving equipment at a cost of 18 000 yuan. The u

5、seful life of the equipment is expected to be five years and the salvage value at the end of the fifth year is estimated to be 3 000 yuan.How to calculate yearly depreciation? Straight-line Method the simplest and the most popular method of depreciationFormulaYearly depreciation =Cost of asset - Sal

6、vage value Years useful lifeCompute the calculationYearly depreciation =18 000 yuan 3 000 yuan 5 years= 3 000 yuanYearDepreciation for the YearAccumulated DepreciationBook Value1 15 000 / 5 = 3 000 3 00018 000 - 3 000 = 15 0002 15 000 / 5 = 3 000 3 000 + 3 000 = 6 00018 000 - 6 000 = 12 0003 15 000

7、/ 5 = 3 000 6 000 + 3 000 = 9 000 18 000 - 9 000 = 9 0004 15 000 / 5 = 3 000 9 000 + 3 000 = 12 00018 000 - 12 000 = 6 0005 15 000 / 5 = 3 000 12 000 + 3 000 = 15 00018 000 - 15 000 = 3 000 15 000 Sum-of-the-Years-Digits MethodAccelerated depreciation method-for tax purposeDepreciation in the early

8、years of an assets estimated useful life is higher than in later years.the years in reverse order The sum of number of years1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 1515, as the denominator of fractions, and use the years in reverse order as the numerators.5/15 + 4/15 + 3/15 + 2/15 + 1/15 = 15/15YearDepreciation for the

9、 YearAccumulated DepreciationBook Value1 15 000 x 5/15 = 5 000 5 000 18 000 - 5 000 = 13 0002 15 000 x 4/15 = 4 000 5 000 + 4 000 = 9 000 18 000 - 9 000 = 9 0003 15 000 x 3/15 = 3 000 9 000 + 3 000 = 12 000 18 000 - 12 000 = 6 000 4 15 000 x 2/15 = 2 000 12 000 + 2 000 = 14 000 18 000 - 14 000 = 4 0

10、00 5 15 000 x 1/15 = 1 000 14 000 + 1 000 = 15 000 18 000 - 15 000 = 3 000 15/15 15 000Double-Declining-Balance Method Depreciation in the early years of an assets estimated useful life is higher than in later years.In our example of Guangli Services, the straight-line rate for the depreciation of t

11、he equipment is 1/5. So under the double-declining-balance method, we double the straight-line rate, which results in 2/5YearDepreciation for the YearAccumulated DepreciationBook Value1 18 000 2/5 = 7 200 7 200 18 000 - 7 200 = 10 8002 10 800 2/5 = 4 320 7 200 + 4 320 = 11 520 18 000 - 11 520 = 6 48

12、03 6 480 2/5 = 2 592 11 520 + 2 592 = 14 112 18 000 - 14 112 = 3 8884 3 888 - 3000 = 888 14 112 + 888 = 15 000 18 000 - 15 000 = 3 0005 0 15 000 18 000 - 15 000 = 3 000 15 000Note: book value can not be less than the established salvage value. the maximum depreciation for the fourth year should be l

13、imited to 888 (3 888 - 3000) yuan. In the fifth year, no depreciation is calculated. Supplement 2Bank Accounts and Cash FundsDefinition of Cash and Its ManagementChina: Cash “cash on hand” and any deposit in banks that can be used for effecting payments at any time Cash on handthe amount of currency

14、 held and used in the daily operations of a businessThe United States: Cashthe money deposited in banks and any items that banks will accept for deposit (paper currency, coins, checks, bank drafts, money orders, credit card receipts from sales)Opening a Checking AccountSignature card: Any individual

15、 who is authorized to sign check against the account should sign the signature card.Help to safeguard the interests of the bank and the depositorOpening a Checking AccountA sample signature card:Opening a Checking AccountSample checks:Opening a Checking AccountBank StatementFrom the viewpoint of the

16、 bank, any deposits from its customers are liabilities.The bank usually records the customers deposits by crediting a liability account called Deposits Payable.On the other hand, it records the amounts of checks written by its customers for payment by debiting the Deposits Payable account. Once a mo

17、nth, the bank will send a bank statement to its depositors to tell them the changes in their accounts.Bank Statement A bank statement provides the following information about the customers accounts: the balance at the beginning of the month; all deposits and other additions to the account;all checks

18、 paid and other deductions from the account; the balance at the end of the month.Reconciling the Bank Statement Some usual reasons for the discrepancies between the bank statement balance and the book balance:Outstanding checksDeposit in transitService chargeCollections NSF (Not Sufficient Funds) ch

19、ecks or dishonored checksError Reconciling the Bank Statement Basic steps in reconciling the bank statement: Compare all the canceled checks with the corresponding check stub or the relevant entries in the cash payments journal.Compare the deposit shown on the bank statement to those shown on the bo

20、oks of the business. Add the deposits in transit to the bank statement balance.Check against previous months bank reconciliation.Check the debit memorandums and credit memorandums with the journal.Reconciling the Bank StatementTake Guangli Services as an example: Journalizing the ReconciliationThe a

21、ccountant only journalizes the adjustments that appear on the Book Balance of Cash side of the reconciliation.Establishing the Petty Cash FundGuangli Services decides to establish a petty cash fund of 500 yuan. Accordingly, the accountant of the business writes a check for 500 yuan and cashes it at

22、the bank:Jan. 1Petty Cash Fund500 Cash 500 Established a petty cash fund July 2 Bought pencils and ball-pens, 110 yuan, voucher no.1. 4 Bought stamps, 6.40 yuan, voucher no.2. 10 Paid for mailing packages, 23.50 yuan, voucher no.3. 15 Bought memo pads, 112 yuan, voucher no.4. 18 Bought stamps, 3.70

23、yuan, voucher no.5 23 Bought typewriter ribbons, 35 yuan, voucher no.6. 27 Mr. Li, the owner, withdrew 50 yuan for personal use, voucher no.7.Payment from the Petty Cash FundPayment from the Petty Cash FundReimbursement of the Petty Cash FundTo reimburse the fund is to replace the amount of cash tha

24、t has been spent so as to restore the fund to its original amount. July 31 Office Supplies 257 Miscellaneous Expense 33.60 Li, Drawing 50 Cash 340.60Reimbursed the petty cash fundEstablishing Change FundSuppose Guangli Services decides to set up a Change Fund of 350 yuan. July 1 Change Fund 350 Cash

25、 350Established a change fundIf the business has 1 950 yuan in the cash register at the end of July 1, it will deposit 1 600 yuan received during the day (1 950 yuan 350 yuan ) July 1 Cash1 600 Income from Services 1 600To record revenue earned during the dayCash Short and OverJuly 5 Cash 1 778 Cash

26、 Short and Over 2 Income from Services 1 780 To record revenue earned during the day involving a cash shortage of 2 yuanCash Short and OverJuly 10 Cash 2 051 Income from Services 2 050 Cash Short and Over 1 To record revenue earned during the day involving a cash overage of 1 yuanSupplement 3Applica

27、tions of Present ValueThe Concept of Present ValueThe present value of an expected future cash receipt is the amount that a knowledgeable investor would pay today for the right to receive that future amount.The present value depends on three factors:The expected money amount to be received in the fu

28、tureThe length of time until the future amount will be receivedThe rate of return (called the discount rate) required by the investor.The Concept of Present ValueP = present amount F = Future amountPT: the length of time FPT: the discount rateFT: the difference between F and P The Concept of Present

29、 ValueAn Example: A specific investment is expected to result in a 100 yuan cash at the end of one year. An investor requiring a 10% annual rate return would be willing to pay 90.9 yuan today for this future amount. The Concept of Present ValueAmount to be invested (present value) 90.9Required retur

30、n on investment (90.9 10%) 9.1Amount to be received in one year (future value) 100 An Example: If the 100 yuan is to be received two years in the future, the investor would pay only 82.6 yuan for the investment today The Concept of Present ValueAmount to be invested (present value) 82.6Required retu

31、rn on investment in first year (8.26 10%) 8.3Amount invested after one year 90.9Required return on investment in second year (90.9 10%) 9.1Amount to be received in two years (future value) 100The Concept of Present Value Set the future value as 1 yuan. The present value of 1 yuan is : p = 1/ (1+ i )

32、n Table of present valuesThe Concept of Present Value An Example: If the above-mentioned investor expects to earn 100 yuan from his investment each year of the next three years, how much should he invest now? Year Expected net Present value of = Present value of cash flow 1 yuan discounted net cash

33、flows at 10%1 100 yuan .909 90.9 yuan2 100 .826 82.63 100 .751 75.1Total present value of the investment: 248.6 yuanAnnuity tableAccounting Applications of the Present Value Concept Valuation of Long Term Notes Receivable and Payable Guangli Co. Ltd issued an installment note payable with a face amo

34、unt of 9 600 yuan and no stated rate of interest. It is to be paid in 24 monthly installments of 400 yuan each. The present value of this note, discounted at the realistic market interest rate of 1% per month, was 8 497 yuan The difference between the 9 600 yaun face amount of the note and its prese

35、nt value of 8 497 yuan is 1103 yuan, which represents the interest charge included in the face amount. Purchases 8 497Discount on Notes Payable 1 103 Notes Payable 9 600 Purchased merchandise from Nanda Co. by issuing a 24-month installment note payable with a 1% monthly interest charge included in

36、the face amountAccounting Applications of the Present Value Concept Valuation of Long Term Notes Receivable and Payable If Guangli Co. Ltd uses the effective interest method to amortize the discount on the note, the entry to record the first monthly payment and the related interest expense is as fol

37、lows:Notes Payable 400Interest Expense 85 Discount on Notes Payable 85 Cash. 400 To record first monthly payment on installment note payable and recognize one months interest expenseAccounting Applications of the Present Value Concept Estimating the Value of GoodwillGood will is an intangible asset

38、of a business.It may be defined as the present value of expected future earnings in excess of the normal return on net identifiable assets.One method of estimating goodwill is to estimate the annual amounts by which earnings are expected to exceed a normal return and then to discount these amounts t

39、o their present value.Accounting Applications of the Present Value Concept Market Price of BondsPresent value of future principal payments:100 000 yuan due after 6 semiannual periods, discounted at 7% per period: 100 000 .66634(from table of present values) 66 634 Present value of future interest pa

40、yments:6 000 yuan per period for 6 semiannual periods, discounted at 7% per period, 6 000 4.76654 (from annuity table) 28 599 Expected issuance price of bond issue 95 233Accounting Applications of the Present Value Concept Capital LeaseA capital lease is regarded as a sale of the leased asset by the

41、 lessor to the lessee. At the date of this sale, the lessor recognized sales revenue equal to the present value of the future lease payments receivable, discounted at a realistic rate of interest. The lessee also uses the present value of the future payments to determine the cost of the leased asset and the valuation of the related liability. Accounting Applications of the Present Value Concept Capital LeaseAccounting by the lessor (Nanji Co.) :Leased Payment Receivable (net) 10 621 500Cost of Goods Sold 10 200 000 Invento