GCT 英語語法ppt課件

1、GCT 英語語法1. 比較結(jié)構(gòu) 2. 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 3. 虛擬語氣 4. 時態(tài)語態(tài) 5. 非謂語動詞 . 名詞性從句 第一部分: 比較結(jié)構(gòu) 英語中比較結(jié)構(gòu)使用于形容詞和副詞， 因為只有形容詞和副詞具有原級、比較級和最高級。考試中主要測試比較結(jié)構(gòu)和特殊用法。 考點一： 原級比較一般用 as as ; not as as ; the same as ; 特殊結(jié)構(gòu) A is to B what / as X is Y ; A+倍數(shù)或幾分之幾 as + adj. / adv. + as +B. The work is not as difficult as you think. Air is to us

2、as water is to fish. 我們與空氣的關(guān)系就像魚和水的關(guān)系。 This book is twice as thick as that one. 考點二：比較級常用結(jié)構(gòu) A 比較級 than + B 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：the more the more (越越)； more and more (越來越) This question is less difficult than that that question. (比較對象為彼此獨立的人或事物) Iron is more useful than any other metal. (比較對象具有所屬關(guān)系， 含有最高級含義) The ci

3、ty is becoming more and more beautiful. 考點三：以拉丁文-ior結(jié)尾的含有比較意義的形容詞后接to 而不是than. 這些詞是： superior, inferior , senior , junior , major , minor, anterior, prior(在之前) , posterior (在之后) He is three years senior to me. This type of computer is superior to that type. 考點四：最高級用于三者以上的事物之間的比較，所以比較的范圍自然是少不了。一般表示地方

4、用介詞in; 表示所屬關(guān)系和人物比較用介詞 of. ( 即the +最高級in /of ) The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, but it is the third longest river in the world. The youngest member of the family is most successful. Of all forms of energy, electricity is most widely used. 考點五：在 more than 結(jié)構(gòu)中， than 有時可看作關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于than wh

5、at There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today. (Than = than what) 人們不應(yīng)該像今天這樣擔(dān)心害怕患上癌癥。 There are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of. ( than = than what) 天地間的奇跡比人們所夢想的要多得多。 The medicine is more effective than is expect

6、ed. 考點六：英語中有一小部分表示絕對意義的形容詞沒有比較級和最高級。如： dead, deaf, empty, total, whole, perfect, complete, right, wrong, equal, daily false, final absolute, alone, round, pregnant, square, supreme, unique, straight, eternal, unanimous (意見一致的) 考點七：幾組由 “more than ；more than” 和“no / not 比較級” 等構(gòu)成的慣用句式及其含義。 more than 其含

7、義為: “不僅是， 非常， 十分”等， 用法和意義較多。 more than 其含義可以是: “與其說不如說， 不是而是” What we are doing today is more than donating some money. 今天我們所做的不只是捐一些錢。 Their action was more than justified. 他們的行動是完全有理由的。 He is more brave than wise. 他有勇無謀 。 The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammer. 這本書看起來與其說是一本語法書，不如說是一

8、本詞典。 no more than 強調(diào)少，意為“只有，不過，僅僅” not more than 客觀敘述，意為“不超過” He has no more than five dollars on him. 他身上僅有5美元。(強調(diào)少) He has not more than five dollars on him. 他身上帶的錢不超過僅有5美元。(強調(diào)數(shù)額少于5美元) no more than含有消極否定的意思，可譯為“A與B都不，不 也不” not more than 含有積極、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差異。 He is no more diligent than you. 他不勤奮，你也

9、不勤奮。(兩人都不勤奮) He is not more diligent than you. 他沒有像你那樣勤奮。(兩人都勤奮，但你更勤奮) no less than = as much as 意為：“竟有之多，多達(dá)”強調(diào)多 not less than 意為“不少于，至少”，可觀地描述 no less than 前后均為肯定，含有驚奇的感情色彩 ?？勺g為：“是是， 正是， 和 一樣， 多達(dá)，應(yīng)有之多” His son has read no less than 50 English books. 他的兒子竟然讀了50本英文書。(強調(diào)多) His son has read not less th

10、an 50 English books. 他的兒子讀了不少于50本英文書。(不強調(diào)多或少) The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister. 這位中年人正是新來的部長。 Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be. 她的歌聲和以前一樣甜美。 第二部分: 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)也是英語考試中的?？颊Z法現(xiàn)象，該結(jié)構(gòu)分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。所謂全部倒裝是指整個謂語部分放在主語前面；而部分倒裝是指謂語的一部分(情態(tài)動詞或助動詞)放在主語之前。 考點一：表示地點、方向和時間的副詞或者

11、介詞放在句首時，句子要全部倒裝。這些詞有： here, there, up, down, out, away, now, then, There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat. In each room are ten students. 每個房間里有十個學(xué)生。 考點二：當(dāng)含有否定意義的詞或短語放在句首時，要用部分倒裝。這類詞包括： not, never, neither, seldom, little, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, no longer, not until, at no

12、 time, by no means, on no account, in no case, under no circumstances, on no account, not only but also Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much. Not until he came back did I leave. (注意：只能是主句的主謂倒裝) On no account will the manager tolerate rudeness from his employees. 考點三： as +adj

13、. / adv. 以及“to such a degree, to such an extent, to such a point.”放在句首， 表示程度，句子要倒裝。 To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire. So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep. 考點四：虛擬語氣中，省去if 后， 從句需要倒裝。 Had he not been promoted, he never have remained

14、 with the company. ( If he had not been promoted, ) Should you change your mind, no one would blame you. Were he to leave today, he would get there by Monday. Had I known what was going to happen, I would never have done such a thing. 本來為If I had known what 考點五：“only + 狀語”放在句首時，句子需要倒裝。 Only by worki

15、ng hard can you achieve your goal. Only in this way can we solve this problem successfully and effectively. 考點六： 由as 或though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句有時也用倒裝句，即把表語或部分謂語提前。 Patient though / as he was, he was unwilling to wait three hours. 他雖有耐心，但也不愿意等三個小時。 Child as / though he was, he had a good command of English. 他

16、雖然是個孩子，但已經(jīng)熟知英語。 Try as he might, he couldnt the box. 不管他想什么辦法， 都沒法打開那個箱子。 考點七：由be 引起的倒裝句表示讓步，并帶有虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)特點，即 be 用原形。 The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. ( be it selling= whether in may be selling ) 每天的生意，無論是售貨還是運貨，都進(jìn)行得很順利。 Be it so humble, there is no

17、place like home. ( be it so humble = However humble it may be,) 金窩銀窩，不如自己的草窩。第三部分：動詞的語氣 語氣是用來表示說話者的意圖和態(tài)度；盡管英語中有陳述語氣(indicative mood)、 祈使語氣(imperative mood)、虛擬語氣(subjunctive mood)，但是MBA聯(lián)考中考的最多的是虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣在英語里主要用來表達(dá)： a. 非真實的情景，不可能發(fā)生的事，即某種與事實相反或難以實現(xiàn)的情況，或說話人主觀愿望。 b. 與客觀事實相反地情景， 即強制性虛擬語氣，表示建議、命令、勸告這一類的意思上

18、，表示強烈的要求做到、必須做到這樣的含義。虛擬語氣的表達(dá)形式是通過動詞的變化形式表達(dá)的， 其特點是主從句時態(tài)的不一致， 而且一般有明顯得標(biāo)志。具體考點如下： 考點一：if 句型 (共有三種句型) 1. 與現(xiàn)在的事實相反： 從句用一般過去時，主句的謂語用would (could, might) 動詞原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. 2. 與過去的事實相反： 從句用過去完成時，主句的謂語用would (could, might) 現(xiàn)在完成時 If I had gone to America when I gra

19、duated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. 3. 與將來的事實相反： 從句用should (were to，did) + 動詞原形，主句的謂語用would (could, might) 動詞原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing. 4. 虛擬語氣條件句中if的省略，此時主謂要倒裝。 Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam. 5. 條件句發(fā)生的動作和主句發(fā)生的動作不一致，(例如

20、：條件句動作發(fā)生在過去，主句的動作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在)謂語動詞要根據(jù)表示的時間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。 If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would feel much better now. If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. 考點二： wish 句型 表達(dá)“但愿，要是多好”的語氣 wish后賓語從句用虛擬語氣，其謂語部分有時態(tài)變化：表示對現(xiàn)在情況珠虛擬時，動詞用一般過去時(如did)；對過去的情況進(jìn)行虛擬時，動詞用“過去完成時(如had done)或情態(tài)動詞的過去時 + 動詞的

21、現(xiàn)在完成時(如could have done)”形式；表示情況的虛擬時，用“情態(tài)動詞的過去時形式 + 動詞原形(如might do)?！?I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish he would forgive me. I wish I would remember all the English words in a week. 同例： 在as if /as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中和以 if only引起的感嘆句中，謂語動詞與wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的虛擬形式相同。例： He talked as if he had kno

22、wn Tom for a long time. He talks as if h e were the boss. 他說起話來就像他是老板。 If only I were free now. (注意： if only后面可以不加主句 ) 考點三：在強制性語氣的賓語從句中， 即表示建議、命令、勸告、決心等主觀色彩的動詞 + that + (should) + 動詞原形， 其中should 經(jīng)常被省略。這類動詞包括：suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist, advise, decree

23、 (發(fā)布命令；下令), determine, prefer, stipulate, move(動議，規(guī)定)，direct(命令)，maintain(堅持)，decide，ask I suggest that you (should) not be late again next time. I prefer that you ( should ) not do that. 我認(rèn)為你還是別干那件事的好。 注意一： 以上動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞(如：suggestion, proposal, demand, order, command, advice, desire, requirement, reque

24、st, agreement, determination, preference , resolution, indication 等)后接同位語從句或表語從句時，從句要求用虛擬語氣，其謂語部分用“(should)+ 動詞原形” (should可省略)。 We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off. His demand is that all of us (should) be present at the meeting. 注意二：以上這類動詞中有時候有的動詞的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣，必須根據(jù)句子的意思來判斷。 Wh

25、at he said suggested(表明)that he did not agree with us. 考點三：It is/was + 形容詞 / 過去分詞 + that + (should) + 動詞原形，這些形容詞主要表示必要性、重要性、強制性、合適性、義務(wù)性，即某人對某事的反應(yīng)。 important, natural, desirable, possible, astonishing, advisable(可取的， 明智的), anxious, appropriate, compulsory(義務(wù)的；強制的；強迫的), crucial (至關(guān)緊要的), eager, essenti

26、al, fitting, imperative (命令的， 強制的， 必要的), improper, natural, necessary, obligatory (義不容辭的， 必須的), preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing shocked, requested It was essential that the application forms be sent back before the deadline. It is requested that a vote be taken. 有人提請投票表決。 It is necessary

27、that we all should do our best to protect environment around us. 注意：表示不可思議、滑稽、不可想象、令人吃驚這樣的形容詞如amazing, strange, odd, ridiculous, surprising, unthinkable，incredible等后的that從句中should一般不省略，而且翻譯為“竟然”， 表示說話人的驚異、懊悔、失望等情感。 It is surprising that they should pass the time like that. It is incredible that Jane

28、 should have finished her paper so soon. It is strange that there should be any hope of finding the lost child. 考點四：在 would rather， would sooner， had rather， would just as soon， would prefer 意為“寧可，但愿”。從句用虛擬語氣，若表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖虑?，謂語用過去時；若表示過去的動作，用過去完成時。 I would rather that you painted the room green. Id just

29、 as soon you had returned the book yesterday. 考點五： Its (about/high/ good ) time that，表示“該是。的時候了”， 含有 “晚一點” 的意思， 表示建議現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做什么事，從句一般用一般過去時。 Its time you went to bed. Its high time that we took action. 考點六：在lest that ， for fear that， in case that 引導(dǎo)的表示消極意義的目的主語從句中常用虛擬語氣，表示“唯恐，以免”，從句用 should +動詞原形。 He pu

30、t his coat over the child for fear (lest )that he should catch cold. He emphasized it again and again lest she (should) forget. Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot (注意：該句陳述某一事實) 考點七：含蓄虛擬條件句 含蓄虛擬條件句是指沒有出現(xiàn)由if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而條件句的意思是用其他方式表達(dá)的。 如：without, but for, otherwise，or, but that, given, provid

31、ed, supposing, were it not for等等。 Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work on time. But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last night. I wouldnt have succeeded without your help. We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.第四部分：動詞時

32、態(tài)、語態(tài)漢語的時態(tài)大多是通過副詞來表達(dá)的，而英語的時態(tài)是靠動詞的變化和時間狀語來表達(dá)的。英語中的時態(tài)共有十六種，但是?？嫉幕蜉^常用的只有9種，而且重點測試完成時態(tài)。 要掌握英語的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，必須掌握好英語中的助動詞(do, be, have)和時間狀語這兩個核心問題。1、一般現(xiàn)在時 主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時間狀語； 表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. She has a brother

33、 who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考點一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有： 時間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the mome

34、nt/the minute, the day; 條件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考點三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 賓語從句， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么時候做完試驗。 考點四：在the more the more (越

35、越) 句型中, 若主句是一般將來時, 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 表說話時或目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動：或表感情色彩，加強語氣。與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually，again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making troubl

36、e. 考點一：在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考點二： 表示在最近按計劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作（這時多有表示將來的時間狀語）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、現(xiàn)在完成時 表示動作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在?，F(xiàn)在完成時有一些標(biāo)志性的時間狀語： 考點一：for + 時間段；since + 時間點 Th

37、ey have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考點二：常見的不確定的時間狀語：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考點三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來”時間狀語中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。 in the past few ye

38、ars/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 考點四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞 that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interest

39、ing film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 4一般過去時 表在過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且完成的動作，或過去習(xí)慣性動作，不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時間連用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意： 考點一：used to + do，表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動作。to為不定式，后接動詞原形。 be/become/ge

40、t used to + doing，表示習(xí)慣于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 過去進(jìn)行時 表示過去某個時間點或某段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the

41、lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were you doing at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me. 6. 過去完成時 表 示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即過去完成時的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動作或時間狀語，這種時態(tài)從來不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the en

42、d of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 考點一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the

43、 telephone rang. （注意主謂倒裝） 考點二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時，從句用過去完成時。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had parted。 考點三：動詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用過去完成時，表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。 I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you

44、 but I was too busy. 7. 一般將來時 表在將來某個時間會發(fā)生的動作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來的時間狀語連用，其表現(xiàn)形式多達(dá)5種。 Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. 考點一：一般將來時總是用在一些時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中： We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes. （主句用一般將來時，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時。） 考點二：某些表示短暫性動作的動詞如arrive, com

45、e, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時形式表示將來。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 考點三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時。 Use your head and you will find a way. 考點四：“am (is, are) going to + 動詞原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。 “am (is, are) about to + 動詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計劃或打算準(zhǔn)備著手進(jìn)行的動作。 “am (is, are) to + 動詞原形”表示必須、必然或計劃將要做的事

46、。 They are to be married in this May. 8、將來進(jìn)行時 表將來某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作，或按計劃一定會發(fā)生的事情。 Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天這會我正在寫作業(yè)。 The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport. 9、將來完成時 表在將來某時刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時間狀語非常明顯。 考點一：常用的時間狀語一般用by+將來的時間。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock th

47、is evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1 000 miles on foot. By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. 考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時則由現(xiàn)在完成時表示。 The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back f

48、rom school. 10. 動詞的語態(tài) 一般用于強調(diào)受者， 做題時謂語動詞不再有名詞或賓語。動詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨考，而是和時態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞一起考，只是需要注意以下考點。 考點一：不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞和詞組 come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed It took place before liberation. 考點二：下列動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義,

49、而且常與well, quite, easily, badly等副詞連用。 lock ( 鎖 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 賣 ); read ( 讀 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (責(zé)備)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 寫 )； Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 這車走起來很穩(wěn)。 The case locks easily. 這箱子很好鎖。 The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。 考點三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動句型： It is said, It is reported, I

50、t is widely believed， It is expected, It is estimated, 這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說”，“人們認(rèn)為”， 而 “以前人們認(rèn)為” 則應(yīng)該說：It was believed, It was thought第五部分：非謂語動詞 所謂非謂語動詞，是指不能作謂語的動詞，也不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，但具有動詞的某些特征，不僅可以接賓語， 而且還有時態(tài)護(hù)和語態(tài)的變化。 此外它可以做主語、表語、賓語、賓補、定語、狀語和同位語。非謂語動詞不僅是語法學(xué)習(xí)的重點和難點，也是每年必考的語 法知識。具體表現(xiàn)形式有三種：1. 動詞不定式 to + V ; 2. 動名詞 V-i

51、ng; 3. 過去分詞 V-ed 。三者的核心含義和區(qū)別如下： 動詞不定式 to + V 一般用來表示目的或結(jié)果，或者某個具體的動作。 動名詞 V-ing 一般用來表示動作的主動概念和進(jìn)行意義。 過去分詞 V-ed 一般用來表示動作的被動概念和完成意義。 (一)關(guān)于動詞不定式的考點如下： 考點一：直接接動詞不定式做賓語的動詞。 這一類動詞往往表示請求、要求、選擇、決定、打算、企圖等 afford begin consent expect hesitate neglect prepare threaten agree bother decide fail hinder offer pretend

52、 undertake ask care demand fear intend plan refuse venture attempt choose desire hate learn pledge resolve volunteer beg claim endeavor help manage prefer start want He pledged never to come back until he had made great success. I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我對花那么多錢買衣服猶豫不決。 考點二：在以下情況

53、下常使用不帶(或省略)to的動詞不定式： 1. 感官動詞后面：feel, listen, hear, look at, notice, see, watch, observe, perceive I saw a man enter the shop. 2. 個別表示使役意義的動詞，如：have, let, make， The teacher has us write a composition every week. 3. 一些情態(tài)動詞，had better, would ratherthan，would soonerthan，rather than, may well do，may as w

54、ell do (還是好了)，can not but，can not help but等句型， Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi. We might as well put up here for tonight. 4. 在do (did, does, done) nothing (anything, everything )but (except) do 句型中。 I can do nothing but follow your advice. 如果but或except之前沒有do，help, 其后的to 不能省略。 T

55、here is no choice but to wait and see. 5. 由 all, what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句或者主語被only, first, one, least 或形容詞最高級修飾時，而且從句中含有do時，其表語如果是動詞不定式，則往往省去to。 What I have to do is take a rest. The only thing I could do was do it myself. 6. 由并列連詞and，except, but, than, or 連接兩個以上的具有相同意義或功能的不定式時， 第二個動詞不定式不帶to。 Id like to stay wi

56、th you, help you and learn from you. She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back. 注意：但是如果兩個不定式表示對照或?qū)Ρ葧r，則不能省略to. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 嘗試而失敗也比不嘗試好。 He hasnt decided weather to quit or to stay. 他還沒有決定是去還是留。 To be or not to be, that is a question. 是生存還是死亡，這是一個問題。

57、 考點三：有些動詞后一般跟帶“疑問詞 + 動詞不定式”作賓語，如：consider, discover, discuss, explain, guess, know, inquire, observe, show, teach, understand, wonder等。 I wonder who to invite. 我不知請誰。 Ask my brother where to put the car. 問一下我哥車停在哪兒。 (二)關(guān)于動名詞的考點如下： 考點一：直接接動名詞做賓語的動詞。 admit avoid dread excuse forgive permit recall stop

58、 advise consider encourage fancy imagine postpone recollect give up allow delay endure feel like involve practise resent cant help anticipate deny enjoy finish mind prevent resist cant stand appreciate dislike escape forbid miss propose risk suggest Forbid smoking on trains. 火車上禁止吸煙。 We have to post

59、pone sending our answer to the request. 我們不得不暫緩寄出對申請書的答復(fù)。 注意：上述動詞中 allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend 在有人作賓語時，則后接不定式作賓語補足語, 如：Allow somebody to do something. I recommended going by subway. 我建議坐地鐵去。 The doctor recommended me to take a few days rest. 醫(yī)生勸我休息幾天。 考點二：下列短語中to 為介詞，后面只能接動名詞或名詞。 keep t

60、o apply to indifference to look forward to with an eye to amount to committo be familiar to stand up to with regard to take to oweto be faithful to put ones mind to with a view to turn to resign to be superior to get down to be opposed to succeed to attribute to be sensitive to live up to in relatio