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1、動態(tài)電力系統(tǒng)Chap. 7 Power System LoadsProblem:Why Load modeling is always based on a considerable amount of simplification?7.1 Basic Load-Modeling Concepts Problem:What is the concept of composite load?Loads are usually represented at what system level?for angular stability or for voltage stability)7.1.1
2、Static load models 冪次式負荷模型:當冪為0,1,2時的特殊性For composite system loads, exponent of active load: 0.5-1.8reactive load: 1.5-6, 1. it varies as a nonlinear function of voltage 2. at higher voltage, ?Problem: In the absence of specific information, what is the most accepted static load model ? 多項式負荷模型: ZIP
3、 model How to take into account of the frequency dependency of load characteristics?What are the typical parameter for Kpf (0,3.0) and Kqf (-2.0, 0) ?How to get the variation of a bus frequency in simulation?How to make comprehensive static model?Is the static load realistic at low voltage? What pra
4、ctice is applied to deal with this problem? 7.1.2 Dynamic Load ModelsProblem: Why dynamic load model is needed ?When static and dynamic load models are used ?What kinds of dynamic loads there are ?(a).(b).(c).(d)7.2 Modeling of induction Motors7.3 Synchronous Motor Model7.4.1 measurement-based appro
5、ach steady-state load-voltage characteristicsProblem : At what voltage level? How to get voltage change? What parameters are interested steady-state load-frequency characteristicsProblem : How to get frequency change? How to separate the influence of voltage change?Dynamic load-voltage characteristi
6、cs What is the basic approach ? 7.4.2 Component-based approachBase on a structure: Bus load Load class mix Load components Component characteristics Chap.8 Excitation SystemProblem:What is its basic function?What is its main control function?8.1Excitation sys. requirementsGenerator considerationsBas
7、ic function : continuous capabilityEmergency function: short-term capabilityPower system considerations Functions : voltage controlTransient stability controlSmall-signal control Excitation requirementsMeet response criteriaProvide limiting and protective functions Meet specific requirement for oper
8、ation flexibilityMeet the desired reliability and availability8.2 Elements of Excitation Sys.Exciter: provide DC powerRegulator: process and amplify input signalTerminal voltage transducer and load compensation:PSSLimiter and protective circuits:8.3 Types Broad types of excitation systemDCACStatic 8
9、.4.1 Dynamic Performance MeasuresCeiling voltageCeiling currentVoltage time response 8.4.2 Small-signal performance MeasuresTime response Frequency response 8.5 Control and protective functions8.5.1 Regurators8.5.2 Stabilizing Circuits8.5.3 PSS8.5.4 Load compensation8.5.5 Under-excitation limiter8.5.6 Over-excitation limiter8.5.7 Volts-per-Herts Limiter and protection8.5.8 Field-shorting Circuits8
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