esavs超聲課程中文課件1鍵盤知識(shí)和偽影

1、Knobology& Artifacts鍵盤知識(shí)和偽影Wm Tod Drost, DVMDiplomate, American College of Veterinary RadiologyAssote Professor and Head, Radiology ServiceThe Ohio Se UniversityKnobology鍵盤知識(shí)Studying the controls for theultrasound machine學(xué)習(xí)如何運(yùn)用B超儀器的鍵盤Buttons or knobs按鈕或旋鈕We will review the most commonlyused knobs學(xué)習(xí)最

2、常用的旋鈕EsaoteMyLab 30 GoldMachine On/Off開/關(guān)儀器Turns machine on and off開/關(guān)儀器Patient Data Input患者資料輸入Opens screen for animal identification開屏幕輸入動(dòng)物Use keyboard for data entry用鍵盤輸入數(shù)據(jù)Use this button when study is finished檢查結(jié)束是用這個(gè)按鈕Probe/Transducer Selection探頭選擇Allows user to change ultrasound probes/transdu

3、cer可以選擇探頭Switch from curvilinear array to linear array從曲線陣切換到線陣ECG Electrocardiogram ECG 心電圖Displays ECG tracing if leads are connected to the patient如果連接到患者，可以顯示心電圖Use for echocardiography用于心動(dòng)超聲EsaoteMyLab 30 GoldTransducer Frequency探頭頻率Freq FrequencyFreq 頻率Changes frequency of transducer改變探頭的頻率 Hi

4、gher frequency gives better resolution高頻率的更細(xì)節(jié)清晰 Lower frequency for better depth低頻率的深度深I(lǐng)mage Depth圖像深度Adjusts how faro the patientis displayed onthe screen調(diào)整被檢在點(diǎn)屏幕上的深度Track Ball軌跡球Once image frozen, move track ball to review last few frames一旦圖像凍結(jié)用軌跡球去找剛檢查的圖Find best image找最佳圖像Use to place words on s

5、creen用于在屏幕上輸入字母 Guides calipers formeasurements引導(dǎo)卡尺測(cè)量Computer mouse buttons on either side兩邊按鈕的鼠標(biāo)Left mouseRight mouseImage Freeze凍結(jié)圖像Changes display screen from real-time display tosic image將屏幕上的實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)畫轉(zhuǎn)換成靜態(tài)圖像Prepare to store images用于準(zhǔn)備圖像Measure structures測(cè)量EsaoteMyLab 30 GoldImage Store圖像Saves sic im

6、age to thecomputer hard drive在電腦硬盤中圖像Measurement data saved too測(cè)Saves保存量的圖像clips of exam3-6 seconds of data3-6秒的Gain增益Turn wheel to adjust the gain旋轉(zhuǎn)該按鈕調(diào)整增益Amplifies or dampens the returning echoes增強(qiáng)或減弱回聲Overall Gaoo High總增益過(guò)高Overall Gaoo Low總增益過(guò)低Gain Correct正確的增益er 聲波Controls theensity ofthe ultras

7、ound beamt is emitted from the transducer控制傳感器發(fā)出的聲波的強(qiáng)度Set as low assible forbest resolution設(shè)置盡可能低的范圍er Sound WaveDisplay mode顯示模式M-modeM型Motion mode運(yùn)功曲線Echocardiography超聲心動(dòng)圖B-modeB型Brightness mode亮度Push this button to return to B-mode from other modes按這個(gè)按鈕從B型轉(zhuǎn)換到其他模式M-mode M型IVSLVLVFWIVS erventricula

8、r septum室間隔LV left ventricleLVFW left ventricular free wall游離壁B-mode Image B型圖像EsaoteMyLab 30 GoldMeasurement Calipers卡尺測(cè)量For measuring distance用于測(cè)量距離Results displayed on the screen測(cè)量結(jié)果會(huì)展現(xiàn)在屏幕上B-mode Image B型超聲圖像Measurements測(cè)量Allows the user to draw around a structure to measure the perimeter and det

9、ermine the area可以圍繞被檢物體一圈來(lái)測(cè)量周長(zhǎng)和來(lái)確定區(qū)域大小Labeling images圖像Annot Annoe注釋Allows the user to type onthe screen to label structures可以在屏幕上輸入注釋 DopplerCW Continuous wave連續(xù)波PW Pulsed wave脈沖波CFM Color flow彩色流Time Gain Compensation TGC增益補(bǔ)償 TGCUser adjusts gain at specific depths在特殊深度的時(shí)候調(diào)整增益Slide to right to inc

10、rease gain; to left to decrease gain滑到右邊是增強(qiáng)增益；滑到左邊是減少增益Time Gain Compensation TGC增益補(bǔ)償 TGCTGC Changed TGC 改變的TGC Incorrect Adjustment TGC不恰當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整Top too bright Bottom too darkArtifacts偽影RadiographyX線Hinder evaluation of image as they mimic disease or prevent identificationof les相似病變很難評(píng)估或很難鑒別病灶Ultrasoun

11、dB超Often contribute to imagereion 通常有利于圖像解釋Distal Acoustic Shadowing遠(yuǎn)端回聲陰影Sound waves return from a highlyreflective surface instead of continuing deeper聲波從高反射的面反射回來(lái)，而不是繼續(xù)前進(jìn)Black area deep to the highly reflective surface在高反射的深處出現(xiàn)黑域Acoustic Shadow聲波聲影Acoustic Shadow聲波聲影Distal Acoustic Enhancement遠(yuǎn)端聲

12、波增強(qiáng)The ties below a fluid filledstructure are brighter n expected在液體下方的結(jié)構(gòu)回聲要比預(yù)期的要亮強(qiáng)Sound wave not absorbed by fluidfilled structured so it is stronger when is reaches the deeper ties聲波在液體中不被吸收所以到達(dá)下方組織的時(shí)候聲波就更強(qiáng)Distal Acoustic Enhancement遠(yuǎn)端回聲增強(qiáng)Distal Acoustic Enhancement遠(yuǎn)端聲波增強(qiáng)Drost, Textbook of Veterin

13、ary Diagnostic Radiology, 5th Ed, 2007.Overall Gaoo High增益太高From the John Mattoon collectionOverall Gaoo Low增益太低From the John Mattoon collectionGain Correct增益正常Gain & TGC增益和增益調(diào)整Dorsal wall & calculi hiddenCalculi seen背側(cè)的壁和被隱藏可見Mirror Image Artifact鏡像偽影Sound wave is reflected is adifferent direction

14、before it isreflected back to the transducer聲波在回到傳感器前折射到其他方向Ultrasound machine ames sound came from directly underneathprobe and displace reflections he wrong place儀器測(cè)量從探頭下方回來(lái)的聲波Mirror Image Artifact鏡像偽影Drost, Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 5th Ed, 2007.From the John Mattoon collection

15、Mirror Image Artifact鏡像偽影Drost, Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 5th Ed, 2007.Reverberation混和影像As the echoes return to the transducer,the transducer reflects the sound back o the patient當(dāng)聲波回到探頭的時(shí)候，探頭又把聲波發(fā)回到患者The ultrasound machine does not knowthe echoes made an “extra” round trip超聲波儀器不知

16、道聲波走了“額外”的路程From the John Mattoon collectionReverberation Artifact混像偽影Reverberation Artifact混像偽影Drost, Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 5th Ed, 2007.Reverberation Artifact混像偽影Drost, Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 5th Ed, 2007.Refraction折射When a sound wave hits a curved surf

17、ace, the sound is bent or refracted 當(dāng)聲波遇到曲面時(shí)，聲波彎曲或折射Black artifact because no sound distal to the curved surface形成黑色的偽影因?yàn)闆]有聲波到達(dá)曲面遠(yuǎn)端Also called edge shadowing artifact有時(shí)也被稱為邊緣陰影偽影From the John Mattoon collectionRefraction Artifact折射偽影KidneyRefraction折射Apparent hole in urinary bladder caused by refractionSide Lobes側(cè)葉Unwanted emis of energy to the side of the main US beam在主要超聲束旁邊有多余的能量 Radial expan of crystal晶體徑向擴(kuò)張When sound returns to the transducer, theultrasou