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1、語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題突破專(zhuān)題五動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)第1頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征。句中常有often,usually,every day 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers. 流行作家的作品往往擁有很多讀者。His father is a worker and doesnt smoke. 他父親是一名工人,不吸煙。一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)第2頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。2表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理或自然現(xiàn)象,無(wú)論在什么情況下都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。We learnt that the earth mov
2、es around the sun. 我們了解了地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。第3頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。3如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),那么在由when,while,before, after,until,as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、if和unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。The sentence will be easy to understand when you divide it into three parts. 當(dāng)你把這個(gè)句子分成三部分時(shí),很容易理解。第4頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。4表示按計(jì)劃、時(shí)刻表規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如begin,com
3、e,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close 等。The flight takes off at 230 every Wednesday and Friday. 每周三和周五航班兩點(diǎn)三十分起飛。第5頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。考點(diǎn)二一般過(guò)去時(shí)1表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(或上下文語(yǔ)境有暗示)。At that time,he worked as a teacher to support the family. 那段時(shí)間他靠教書(shū)養(yǎng)家。第6頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。2用于表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。Michaels father alway
4、s helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. 邁克爾的父親總是幫助窮人,因?yàn)樗X(jué)得這樣讓大家都更開(kāi)心。特別提示:表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作還可用would,used to。He used to go to work by bus. 他過(guò)去常常乘公共汽車(chē)去上班。第7頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。3有些動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間沒(méi)有具體表明,但實(shí)際上是“剛才,剛剛”發(fā)生,應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。I didnt know you were here. 我不知道你在這里。Sorry,I forgot to bring your book. 很抱歉,我忘記帶你的書(shū)來(lái)了。
5、第8頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。4在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。He said that he would not go if it rained. 他說(shuō)如果下雨他就不走了。第9頁(yè),共122頁(yè)??键c(diǎn)三一般將來(lái)時(shí)1will/shall(1)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He will travel around Europe this summer. 今年夏天他將環(huán)游歐洲。第10頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。(2)表示臨時(shí)性的決定。Tom is ill and now in hospital. 湯姆生病住院了。Really? Ill see him. 真的?我要去看看他。第11頁(yè),共122頁(yè)
6、。2be going to(1)表示按計(jì)劃、打算做某事。計(jì)劃可能用時(shí)較長(zhǎng),計(jì)劃得比較正式、周密。He is going to make a speech on TV this evening. 他今晚將在電視上發(fā)表演講。(2)表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象,對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。Look at the dark cloudsIts going to rain. 看這烏云,要下雨了。第12頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。3be about to表示瞬間的將來(lái)(不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用)。The train is about to start. 火車(chē)就要發(fā)車(chē)了。特別提示:與并列連詞when連用,表示“正打算,這時(shí)”。I was ab
7、out to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出門(mén),這時(shí)電話響了。第13頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。4be to do表示事先商定、安排或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情,尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)責(zé)任、義務(wù)等。As a citizen,you are to report it to the police. 作為一個(gè)公民,你有責(zé)任向警方匯報(bào)此事。第14頁(yè),共122頁(yè)??键c(diǎn)四現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài);表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hurry up! Were all waiting for you. 快點(diǎn)!我們都等著你呢。He is working in a factory
8、 these days. 這些日子他在一家工廠工作。第15頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。2表示近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃。I am meeting MrWang tonight. 我今晚要會(huì)見(jiàn)王先生。3嚴(yán)格按照時(shí)間表發(fā)生的表“起、止”動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞或表位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。這樣的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o,come,start,leave,open,arrive,begin,return等。Tom is arriving in a few hours. 再過(guò)幾個(gè)小時(shí)湯姆就到了。第16頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。特別提示:不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞:(1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞:like,love,hate,care,rememb
9、er,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。(2)表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to等。(3)表示行為結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等。(4)表示感官的動(dòng)詞:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。第17頁(yè),共122頁(yè)??键c(diǎn)五過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。Did you catch what I said?你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我說(shuō)的話了嗎?
10、SorryI was answering a text message just now. 對(duì)不起,我剛才在回短信。第18頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?你讀完簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)了嗎?No,I was doing my homework all day yesterday. 沒(méi)有,我昨天一整天都在做作業(yè)。第19頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。2過(guò)去的某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,其中的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),短暫性動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。I was having dinner when you phoned. 你打電話時(shí)我正在吃飯。第20頁(yè),共122頁(yè)??键c(diǎn)六將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表
11、示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,這些常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志性狀語(yǔ)有at this time tomorrow,from 1:30 to 430 the day after tomorrow等。Ill be flying to Beijing at two oclock this afternoon. 今天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘我將正飛往北京。第21頁(yè),共122頁(yè)??键c(diǎn)七現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用:so far,recently,lately,once/twice/ threetimes,before,ever,by now,in the last/
12、past few years,over a long time,up to now,yet,already,just,since?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要用于以下幾種情況:第22頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。1表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。Look! Somebody has cleaned the sofa. 看!已經(jīng)有人擦了沙發(fā)了。Well,it wasnt meI didnt do it. 哦,不是我,我沒(méi)有擦。第23頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。2表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He has worked here for over 20 years. 他已經(jīng)在這兒工作
13、20多年了。They have been good friends since they met at a meeting. 他們自從在一次會(huì)議上相遇就成了好朋友。第24頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。3下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(1)It is (has been)一段時(shí)間since 從句This (That/It) is the first (second) timethat從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))This (That/It) is the best/finest/most interestingthat從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))Its/It has been 5 years since we last m
14、et. 自從我們上次相遇到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)5年了。第25頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 這是我們一家人第一次一起在電影院里看電影。This is the best film that Ive ever seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。第26頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。(2)在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示將來(lái)某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。Please return the book to me when you have finished it. 你看完這本書(shū)后請(qǐng)還給我
15、。第27頁(yè),共122頁(yè)??键c(diǎn)八過(guò)去完成時(shí)1過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作前已完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間,還可能持續(xù)下去。The train had left when I got to the station. 我到車(chē)站時(shí)火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。第28頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。2用在hardly/scarcely/rarelywhen和no soonerthan句型中,主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示“一 就;剛就”。I had hardly (no sooner) got home when (than) the rain poured downHardly (No sooner) had
16、 I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我剛到家雨就傾盆而下。第29頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。3有些動(dòng)詞有時(shí)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose,want,think等。I had expected to pass the test. 我原認(rèn)為可以通過(guò)這次考試。第30頁(yè),共122頁(yè)??键c(diǎn)九現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還要繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。The girl has a great interest in sports and has be
17、en taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 這個(gè)女孩對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)很感興趣,最近三年來(lái)每周上兩次羽毛球課。第31頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。2表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。I have been calling him many times,but theres no answer. 我給他打了很多次電話,但目前一直沒(méi)有收到答復(fù)。第32頁(yè),共122頁(yè)??键c(diǎn)十將來(lái)完成時(shí)1將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間,某一動(dòng)作將會(huì)完成。By this time of next year,all of you will have
18、 become college students. 到明年的這個(gè)時(shí)候,你們大家就都成了大學(xué)生了。2多與by將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間、this week等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。第33頁(yè),共122頁(yè)??键c(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)二動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般is/am/are donewas/weredonewill/shallbe donewould/shouldbe done第34頁(yè),共122頁(yè)?,F(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)進(jìn)行is/am/are being donewas/were beingdone/完成have/has been donehadbeendonewill/shallhav
19、ebeendonewould/shouldhavebeen done第35頁(yè),共122頁(yè)??键c(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或沒(méi)有必要指明誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。The window is dirty. 窗戶(hù)臟了。I knowIt hasnt been cleaned for weeks. 我知道。好幾周沒(méi)擦了。第36頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。特別提示:有些及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有:have有;cost花費(fèi);lack缺少;own擁有;belong to屬于;take part in參加。不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有:happen/take place/occur發(fā)
20、生;remain剩下;break out爆發(fā);last持續(xù);come out出版;come up被提出;lose heart失去信心;date from/back to追溯到;run out用完。第37頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。2需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者或事件本身。All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. 除了經(jīng)理以外,所有的雇員都被鼓勵(lì)在家網(wǎng)上辦公。第38頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。特別提示:“get過(guò)去分詞”也可以表示被動(dòng),此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化。She got married last week. 她上周
21、結(jié)婚了。The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周得到一次治療。He fell off the car and got killed. 他從汽車(chē)上掉下來(lái),摔死了。第39頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。3被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊用法。(1)英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞,如break, catch, clean, drive, look, open, sell, read, write, wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí),常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物;在這種情況下,常常和easily, well等副詞連用。The sign reads as follows. 這
22、牌子告示如下。The machine runs well. 這種機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。第40頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。(2)表示感受、感官的系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, look等后跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由聽(tīng)起來(lái)合理。(3)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等動(dòng)詞、worth等形容詞的后面,動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 這所房子需要修理。第41頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。
23、(4)在某些“主語(yǔ)(人/物)be形容詞不定式”中不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out. 這道題很難計(jì)算出。(可看作to work out前省略了for me)(5)be to rent/blame也屬于主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Who is to blame for the mistake?誰(shuí)應(yīng)為這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤接受譴責(zé)?第42頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。難點(diǎn)釋疑難點(diǎn)一易混的幾種時(shí)態(tài)1
24、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday,the other day,just now等;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如so far,up to now,lately等,或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。第43頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。【典例】 When I was at college I _ (speak)three foreign languages but I _ (forget)all except a few words of eac
25、h. 解析:由When引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可知,第一空用一般過(guò)去時(shí)spoke;第二空用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have forgotten,表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響。spokehave forgotten第44頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法例句區(qū)別1現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的未完成性I have been thinking it over. 我一直在仔細(xì)考慮這件事?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果I have thought it over. 我已經(jīng)仔細(xì)考慮過(guò)這件事了。第45頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。用法例句區(qū)別2現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)Have you be
26、en meeting him recently?你最近經(jīng)常見(jiàn)他嗎?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)Have you met him recently?你最近見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎?第46頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。用法例句區(qū)別3現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示某種感情色彩I have been waiting for you for three hours. 我已等了你三個(gè)小時(shí)。(暗含不滿(mǎn)的語(yǔ)氣)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)、一種影響或結(jié)果,不帶有感情色彩I have waited for you for three hours我已等了你三個(gè)小時(shí)。(說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí))第47頁(yè),共122頁(yè)?!镜淅緿ashan,who _ (learn)
27、crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. 解析:根據(jù)句意及定語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for decades和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wants可知,本題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)has been learning,表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。has been learning第48頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。3一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)(1)針對(duì)時(shí)間不同:一般過(guò)去時(shí)是針對(duì)現(xiàn)在而言的,過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是針對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言的。(2)
28、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同:過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常是by或before構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),如by that time,before 2000,“by the time句子”等。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有two years ago,the day before yesterday等。第49頁(yè),共122頁(yè)?!镜淅縅ohn and I have been friends for eight yearsWe first _ (get) to know each other at a partyBut we _ (see)each other a couple of times before that. 解析:第一空用一般過(guò)去
29、時(shí)got,因?yàn)樯衔恼f(shuō)約翰和我已經(jīng)是8年的朋友了,說(shuō)明我們相識(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,且由語(yǔ)境可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí);見(jiàn)過(guò)幾次面發(fā)生在相識(shí)這一動(dòng)作之前,表示的是過(guò)去的過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,故第二空應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)had seen。gothad seen第50頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。難點(diǎn)二時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)指的是主從復(fù)合句中從句的時(shí)態(tài)受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響或制約的現(xiàn)象。對(duì)于定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句而言,從句時(shí)態(tài)受主句時(shí)態(tài)影響或制約不是特別明顯,而賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響或制約比較突出,因此此處我們著重來(lái)總結(jié)一下時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中的體現(xiàn)。第51頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。1如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),那么賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)
30、可根據(jù)需要選用任何時(shí)態(tài)。2如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí),則賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該根據(jù)實(shí)際需要采用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。第52頁(yè),共122頁(yè)?!镜淅縃ave you ever seen Peter recently?YesHe _(ask) me how you _ (get) along with your job these days. 解析:句意為:最近你見(jiàn)過(guò)彼得嗎?見(jiàn)過(guò)。他問(wèn)我你近來(lái)工作進(jìn)展怎么樣。由句意和語(yǔ)境可知,第一空應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的具體動(dòng)作;主句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí),按常規(guī)而言從句也應(yīng)用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài),但此處是特殊情況,由從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)these days可知,從句表示的是現(xiàn)在依然存
31、在的情況,所以此處從句只能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)are getting。askedare getting第53頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。解題策略運(yùn)用以下“四根據(jù)”準(zhǔn)確判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一、根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(1)看到always,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等如時(shí)間基點(diǎn)為現(xiàn)在,要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday,last night,a few days ago,the other day等要想到用一般過(guò)去時(shí);(3)看到tomorrow,next year等要想到用一般將來(lái)時(shí);第54頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。(4)看到now,at present等要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);(
32、5)看到at that time,then,at six oclock yesterday等要想到用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);(6)看到this time tomorrow,from 1 oclock to 3 oclock tomorrow等要想到用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí);(7)看到since,so far,up to now,in the last/past few years等要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);(8)看到by/until/before/by the end of“表示過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間”,要想到用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。第55頁(yè),共122頁(yè)?!镜淅縄n the last few years,China _ (make) gr
33、eat achievements in environmental protection. 解析:題干中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是“In the last few years”,表示動(dòng)作“從過(guò)去一直到現(xiàn)在”,故所填詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has made。has made第56頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。二、根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境,挖掘其隱含信息,弄清時(shí)間的先后順序,確定動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在還是將來(lái)【典例】When he realized he _(walk) into a deep valley,he was too frightened to know what to do. 解析:句意:當(dāng)他意識(shí)到自己走進(jìn)了深谷之后,他非常害怕
34、以至于不知道做什么。 由語(yǔ)境可知,walk into a deep valley的動(dòng)作先于realize的動(dòng)作發(fā)生,故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)had walked。had walked第57頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。三、根據(jù)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主謂部分除了明顯的被動(dòng)關(guān)系外,還有特殊用法,如主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。除此之外,還要考慮主謂一致問(wèn)題?!镜淅縇ater,Nelson _ (award)the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work. 解析: 句意:后來(lái)納爾遜被授予總統(tǒng)自由勛章,以表彰他的工作。句中的時(shí)間狀
35、語(yǔ)Later表明這里敘述的是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,提示此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí);Nelson與award為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);且主語(yǔ)為Nelson,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故填was awarded。was awarded第58頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。四、根據(jù)固定句式確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)中有一些句式的時(shí)態(tài)常常很固定,如果題干中出現(xiàn)這類(lèi)句式,考生應(yīng)注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。1It is the first/second/time that sb. have/has done2It was the first/second/time that sbhad done3Sbwas doing sthwhendid4H
36、ardly/Scarcely had sbdone sthwhendid5Sbwas about to do sthwhendid6Its(high)time that sbdid sth/should do sth. 第59頁(yè),共122頁(yè)?!镜淅縊ne day,I _ (walk)from classroom across campus to catch my bus home when an old man came down the Sidewalk toward me. 解析:句意:一天,我正從教室出來(lái)穿過(guò)校園去趕回家的公共汽車(chē),突然一個(gè)老人沿著人行道朝我走來(lái)。由語(yǔ)境可知,本句使用了
37、句型“be (was/were) doing sthwhen”表示“正在做某事,這時(shí)突然”,when后的并列分句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故本空填提示動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was walking表示過(guò)去正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。was walking第60頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。易錯(cuò)聚焦第61頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。第62頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。第63頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。第64頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)第65頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2020新高考卷)The parts of a museum open to the public _ (call) galleries or rooms. 解析:考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:博物館對(duì)公眾開(kāi)放的部分被
38、稱(chēng)為畫(huà)廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);主語(yǔ)與call是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)概念。故填are called。are called第66頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。2(2020新課標(biāo)卷)The unmanned Change 4 probe (探測(cè)器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess_ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 解析:考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:無(wú)人月球探測(cè)器嫦娥四號(hào)名字的靈感來(lái)源于古代的中國(guó)月亮女神上周在南極艾特肯盆地
39、著陸。此處是句子的謂語(yǔ),根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last week可知應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填touched。touched第67頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。3(2020新課標(biāo)卷)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construct)”解析:考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)以及主謂一致。句意:“這真的使科學(xué)家們激動(dòng),”布朗大學(xué)的一位科學(xué)家
40、Carle Pieters說(shuō):“因?yàn)樗馕吨覀冇袡C(jī)會(huì)獲得月球是如何構(gòu)造的信息?!狈治鼍渥涌芍颂幨琴e語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,謂語(yǔ)construct與主語(yǔ)the moon之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);再由上下文可知此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);主語(yǔ)the moon是單數(shù)。故填is constructed。is constructed第68頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。4(2020新課標(biāo)卷)The artist was sure he would_ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old
41、 man laughed. 解析:考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:畫(huà)家確信他會(huì)被選中,但是當(dāng)他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時(shí),這位老人笑了。本句中主語(yǔ)he與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞choose構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且would后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填be chosen。be chosen第69頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。5(2020新課標(biāo)卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and _ (point) down the river. 解析:考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:
42、當(dāng)他問(wèn)河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術(shù)家時(shí),他們笑著指著河的下游。根據(jù)上文they smiled and可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填pointed。pointed第70頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。6(2020浙江卷)And, as more children were born, more food _ (need). 解析:考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:隨著越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,邏輯主語(yǔ)和need之間表示被動(dòng)邏輯。同時(shí)此處描述的是過(guò)去的時(shí)間,所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。故此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。food為不可數(shù)名詞。故填was needed。was needed第71頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。7
43、(2020浙江卷)Then, with the rise of science, changes began. New methods _ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. 解析:考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:新方法意味著更少的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。分析句子,主句部分無(wú)其他動(dòng)詞,故此處需填時(shí)態(tài)。文章的整體時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí),根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致原則此處也應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí)。邏輯主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。所以此處填過(guò)去時(shí)的主動(dòng)形式。故填meant。meant第72頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。8(2020天津卷改編)You are a great swimmer. Thanks. Its bec
44、ause I _(practise)a lot these days. 解析:考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:你游泳很棒。謝謝。這是因?yàn)檫@些天我一直在練習(xí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)these days(這些天)可知,“練習(xí)游泳”從數(shù)天前開(kāi)始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,因此該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。故填have been practising。have been practising第73頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。9(2020江蘇卷改編)Instead of getting down to a new task as I _(expect), he examined the previous work again. 解析:考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:
45、他沒(méi)有像我所期望的那樣著手做新工作,而是又檢查了一遍以前的工作。此處描述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在examined之前,屬于“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填 had expected。had expected第74頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。10(2019全國(guó)卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 解析:考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)其前時(shí)
46、間狀語(yǔ)in recent years和主語(yǔ)people可知,空格處為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填have reported。have reported第75頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。11. (2019全國(guó)卷)I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _ (make) over the years. 解析:over the years常與完成時(shí)連用,在此意為“(從過(guò)去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在的)多年來(lái)”。根據(jù)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞love的時(shí)態(tài)可知,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞make應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在
47、完成式。have made第76頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。12(2019全國(guó)卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene _ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 解析:考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文可知,該句主語(yǔ)為Irene,此處為謂語(yǔ)成分,根據(jù)后文had可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故填declared。declared第77頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。13(2019全國(guó)III卷)Our hosts shared many of their experience
48、s and _ (recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. 解析:考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購(gòu)物和參觀的地方。“and”前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關(guān)系,時(shí)態(tài)一致。故填recommended。recommended第78頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。14(2019浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _ (have) to worry about fashion(時(shí)尚). 解析
49、:考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)每個(gè)學(xué)生在校穿校服時(shí),沒(méi)有人會(huì)擔(dān)心時(shí)尚問(wèn)題。本句是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則,因此,主句可以使用將來(lái)時(shí)will do;根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,本文敘述的是客觀事實(shí),因此,本句亦可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)是nobody,謂語(yǔ)用has。故填will have/has。will have/has第79頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。15(2019浙江卷)One study in America found that students grades _ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 解析:考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:美國(guó)的一
50、項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在學(xué)校引入校服后,學(xué)生的成績(jī)有所提高。本句是after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,前后時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,從句應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填improved。improved第80頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。16(2019北京卷)On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I _ (voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?”解析:考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我向媽媽表達(dá)了我最大的擔(dān)憂(yōu),“我將如何
51、交朋友?”此處的voice是動(dòng)詞,“表達(dá)”的意思,作謂語(yǔ)。敘述的是一年級(jí)的事情,參照語(yǔ)境中的stood可知,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填voiced。voiced第81頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。17. (2019北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question _ (suggest) that, for most students, it doesnt. 解析:考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的研究表明,對(duì)于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),它不重要。這里表示研究的客觀結(jié)果,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí);根據(jù)it doesnt可知是
52、現(xiàn)在的情況,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均可。故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。suggests/suggested/has suggested第82頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。18(2019天津卷)I _ (hope)to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldnt manage it. 解析: 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我本來(lái)計(jì)劃在Peter結(jié)婚時(shí)送他一個(gè)禮物的,可是我沒(méi)有做到。couldnt manage用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí),它之前的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示過(guò)去本打算做某事而沒(méi)有做成。had
53、 hoped第83頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。19(2018全國(guó)卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 解析:考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示:跑步比散步、騎車(chē)和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is。is第84頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。20(2018全國(guó)卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agricultur
54、e finds that between 2005when the government _(start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 解析:考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在2005年政府開(kāi)始了一項(xiàng)土壤測(cè)試項(xiàng)目。本句是when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,由于時(shí)間是2005年,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填started。started第85頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。21(2018全國(guó)卷)Tru
55、e to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”解析:考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。分析本句的句子成分可知,本句缺少謂語(yǔ),再根據(jù)總體時(shí)態(tài)可知要用一般過(guò)去時(shí),所以用meant。meant第86頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。22(全國(guó)卷)This cycle _(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and c
56、ool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. 解析:此處指這種循環(huán)日復(fù)一日地不斷持續(xù)下去,由冒號(hào)后內(nèi)容的時(shí)態(tài)可知這種情況是客觀事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。goes第87頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。23(2019天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, _(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 解析:本題考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:艾米和他的兄弟們當(dāng)上周回到村
57、里時(shí),受到了熱烈的歡迎。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last week可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí);as well as連接并列主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就前原則,即這句話真正的主語(yǔ)是Amy,故用單數(shù);由句意可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was given。was given第88頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。24(2018浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I _(shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 解析:考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處表示我被震
58、驚了。shock的主語(yǔ)是I,兩者關(guān)系是被動(dòng),動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。故填was shocked。was shocked第89頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。25(2017全國(guó))When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 解析:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),由于主語(yǔ)fat and salt是復(fù)數(shù)概念,且與remove是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)are removed。are removed第90頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。26(2017全國(guó))Sarah _(tell) that she co
59、uld be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 解析:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,薩拉應(yīng)該是“被告知”她能成為英國(guó)新的超模,可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填has been told/was told。has been told/was told第91頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。27(全國(guó))So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for
60、research. I _(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 解析:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及allow sb. to do sth這一用法可知,此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。故填was allowed。was allowed第92頁(yè),共122頁(yè)。28(全國(guó))Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 解析:根據(jù)句意筷子是被制造的。此處為含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)might be don
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