(貴陽專版)2019中考英語復習第3部分中考題型攻略篇題型7任務型閱讀(精講)檢測

1、題型七任務型閱讀貴陽五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢任務型閱讀是根據(jù)任務型教學設計而成的一種介于閱讀理解與書面表達之間的題型。它要求學生在閱讀文章后能對文章中的某些細節(jié)做到準確把握或對整篇文章進行提煉概括，是一種讀寫結合的題型。這種題型既考查學生的閱讀理解能力，也考查學生的分析問題、解決問題的能力，還考查學生運用英語語言將有關內容以文字形式正確地表達出來的能力。題號題型內容題數(shù)小題分值分值小計賦分A.補全句子型閱讀。(要求學生閱讀短文，任務捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內容完成文后的句5210型子。)20閱讀B.填寫表格型閱讀。(要求學生閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內容完成表格。)5210貴陽中考任務型閱讀有兩種類

2、型：補全句子型和填寫表格型。A篇近五年都為說明文，話題涉及青少年問題類(毒品)；歷史文化類(絲綢之路)；嘻哈音樂；名人類(莎士比亞)。B篇近五年說明文和記敘文交叉出現(xiàn)。話題涉及文化類(語言的變化)；哲理及勵志故事類；社會關懷類(艾滋理解項目)；名人類(達爾文)。解題方法與技巧A補全句子型閱讀補全句子型閱讀一般給出一篇難度適中的閱讀材料，要求學生根據(jù)短文提供的信息，以填寫詞語的方式完成文后各題，所填寫的詞或詞組具有很高的概括性和準確性。因此，學生必須認真閱讀材料，盡可能從短文中找到相關語句，在尊重原文意思的基礎上，仔細分析句子中所填空的成分，然后用其同義詞或詞組表達完成句子。一般來說，從文中直接

3、找到答案的很少，多數(shù)情況下，學生需要提煉概括出所填空的內容，甚至變化句式來完成句子。這就要求學生在平時的閱讀中，學會積累詞、短語或句子的多種表達方式。訓練并提升自己的根據(jù)短文大意概括每段甚至全文的核心內容的能力，從而為準確解答此類題型做好準備。具體的解題方法與技巧如下：1快速定位圈點首先，快速瀏覽文后的5個句子，了解所缺詞語的性質并預測所填內容；然后返回文中閱讀，找到這5個句子所處的段落和位置；最后結合每個句子的含義，仔細研讀該段落的內容，找出所填句子與原句之間的不同，圈出不同點。2巧妙運用轉換對于那些不能在原文中直接選定的答案，我們必須認真閱讀材料，分析所要填寫的詞語，并用其同義詞、近義詞、

4、反義詞或短語等填空。一般情況下，所填答案都是原文的改寫，所以必須尊重原文的意思，不能脫離原文胡亂填空。在平時的閱讀訓練中，學生須掌握設空規(guī)律，了解常用詞、短語或句子的同義轉換，提高答題準確率。3注意答題細節(jié)學生在填寫句子時，除了明確所填內容外，還應注意以下幾點：(1)正確拼寫單詞；(2)注意首字母的大小寫、名詞的單復數(shù)、主謂一致、時態(tài)語態(tài)及非謂語動詞的使用等；(3)語言簡練、準確。另外，書寫工整在答題的過程中也十分重要。B填寫表格型閱讀填寫表格型閱讀通常是先給出一段閱讀材料，根據(jù)材料所給的信息填寫表格、補全句子或短文中空缺的信息。此類題目通常難度不大，大部分信息都可以直接在原材料中找到。因此，

5、學生要先通讀材料，注意所填信息在原材料中的出處，就不難完成任務。但也有個別信息不可能直接在原材料中找得到，需要根據(jù)某些細節(jié)、線索或關鍵詞語進行推理、歸納才能完成任務。填寫時重在達意，并不一定要用短文中的原詞。對于這種閱讀題，關鍵在于分析圖表中已存在的信息點，然后根據(jù)已給出的信息點尋找相對應的信息。具體的解題方法與技巧如下：1閱讀短文，領略大意，把握文章的結構、層次，弄清局部和整體的關系，提取有用信息。2識讀圖表，把握圖表的結構、層次，弄清每空的考查點，是細節(jié)題還是主旨大意題。3把握空格處的考查點，檢索信息并答題。細節(jié)理解題回到原文相關處一般能直接找到答案，主旨大意題(概括標題等)要在理解文章大

6、意、把握文章結構的基礎上進行分析、概括，從而提煉出重要信息或文章主旨。(2018貴陽初中畢業(yè)生學業(yè)考試)A閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內容完成文后的句子。Drug(毒品)useinBritainhasincreasedby30%inthelastfiveyears.Useofharddrugs，forexample，cocaine(可卡因)andcrackcocaine，isincreasingasaresultofthesedrugsbecomingcheaperandeasiertobuy.YoungpeopleinBritainaremorelikelythanotherEuropean

7、stotakeillegal(非法的)drugs.UKteenagersaretakinguptofivetimesmoreillegaldrugs，forexample，ecstasytablets(搖頭丸)andcannabis(大麻制品)，thaninotherEuropeancountries.ThemostcommondrugforUKteenagersiscannabis.Over35%of15to16yearoldssaytheyhavetriedit.Harderdrugssuchascrackcocainearelesscommon.Asmanyasoneintwelve12

8、yearoldshavetakendrugs.Britishlawputsdrugsintothreegroups，fromthemostdangerousClassAdrugstotheleastaddictive(使人上癮的)ClassCdrugs：ClassA：harddrugs，forexample，crackcocaine；ClassB：forexample，ecstasytablets；ClassC：“soft”drugs，forexample，cannabis，whicharealsoaddictiveanddangerous.IntheUKtherearepossibly500

9、，000ClassAdrugusers.Asaresult，theUKspends390millionayearontreatmentcenterstofightdruguse.Treatmentcentersspendmorethan3，000tohelpeverydruguser.Butonly3，800drugusersayearsuccessfullygothroughthedrugtreatment.Teenagersgavethefollowingreasonsinorderofimportance；tocopytheirfriendsandtolookcool；soastohav

10、eagoodtimeandtofeelgood；inordertoseewhatitislikeandtoexperiencesomethingnew；soastobelikeadults，buttobedifferentfromtheirparents；becausethedrugsarecheapandeasytobuy；becausetheyhavenothingbettertodowiththeirtime.1OnereasonforpeopletakingmoreharddrugsintheUKisthat_arebecominglower.2TheUKteenagerstakemu

11、chmoredrugsthanteenagersinanyother_3UnderBritishlaw，fromClassAdrugstoClassCdrugs，allofthemare_4TheUKgovernmentworkshardonthedrugtreatment.Butonlyasmallnumberof_intheUKcangetoutofthedrugaddictioneveryyear.5Asforhowtostopthemselvesfromtakingdrugs，theUKteenagersshould_【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了英國青少年吸毒的現(xiàn)狀、原因及英國

12、采取的措施。1theprices【解析】題干意為：英國人吸烈性毒品的其中一個原因是_變得更低了。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“thesedrugsbecomingcheaper”可知此處應填theprices。2Europeancountry【解析】題干意為：英國青少年比其他任何_的青少年要吸更多的毒品。根據(jù)第二段第一句“YoungpeopleinBritainaremorelikelythanotherEuropeanstotakeillegaldrugs.”，可知此處應填Europeancountry.3dangerousandaddictive【解析】題干意為：英國法律中，從A等級到C等級的毒品都

13、是_。根據(jù)第三段“Britishlawputsdrugsintothreegroups，fromthemostdangerousClassAtotheleastaddictiveClassCdrugs.”可知此處應填dangerousandaddictive。4drugusers【解析】題干意為：英國政府在毒品治療方面很努力。但在英國每年只有少數(shù)的_能擺脫毒癮。根據(jù)第七段最后一句“Butonly3，800drugusersayearsuccessfullygetthroughthedrugtreatment.”可知此處應填drugusers。5learnmoreaboutthedangerso

14、fdrugs【解析】題干意為：對于如何預防自身吸毒，英國青少年應該_。此題為主觀題，文中未直接提及到英國青少年應該如何做，所以言之有理即可。B閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內容完成表格。Englishisalwayschanging.TheEnglishthatpeopleused500yearsagoisverydifferentfromtheEnglishweusenow.Eveninthelastfiftyyears，Englishhaschanged.Newwordsareenteringourlanguageallthetime.ThewordsInternet，emailandmob

15、ilephoneareonlytwentyyearsold.Thewordwebsiteisevenyounger.Weonlystartedusingitfifteenyearsago.Butwhatcauseslanguagestochange？Andislanguagechangeapositiveoranegativething?Therearemanyreasonsthatlanguageschange.Onereasonisthattechnologychanges.Weusenewwordsfornewtypesoftechnology.Thirtyyearsago，weonly

16、usedthewordmouseinEnglishtodescribeananimal.Today，thewordmousealsomeanstheobjectyouusetocontrolacomputer.Anotherimportantreasonforlanguagechangeiscommunicationbetweendifferentcountriesandcultures.Forinstance，EnglishuseswordslikesugarfromArabic，shampoofromHindiandyoghurtfromTurkish.Languagesalsochang

17、ebecauseyoungpeoplecreatetheirownwayoftalkingthatisdifferentfromtheirparents.Teenagersoftenusenewslanginformalwordsandphrasestotalktotheirfriends.Someslanggetsforgotten，butotherslangwordsbecomepartofnormal，everydaylanguage.Wordslikebusandrockmusicstartedasslang，butnowtheyareinthedictionaryandeveryon

18、eusesthem.Butislanguagechangeagoodthingorabadthing？Somepeoplethinkthatweshouldstoplanguagesfromchanging.Theythinkthattheyneedtoprotecttheirlanguageoritwilldieorbecomeworse.InFrance，thereisanorganizationcalledLAcademicFrancaisethatdecideswhatiscorrectandwhatisincorrectinFrench.Theylookatthenewwordsth

19、atpeopleareusinganddecidewhethertheyaregoodFrenchornot.Therearealsoorganizationslikethisinothercountries，suchasIndonesiaandSpain.However，otherpeoplebelievethatlanguagechangeisanaturalthingandshouldntbestopped.Theythinkthatitisnormalthatlanguageschangeovertime.Theythinkthatlanguagesneedtochangetostay

20、modernandinteresting.Title：LanguageChangeEnglish1._inthepast500years.ChangesofEnglishNewwordsareenteringourlanguageallthetime，suchasemailandwebsite.Technologychanges.Theword“mouse”alsomeans“鼠標”inChinesetoday.ThreereasonsforlanguagechangePeoplefromdifferentcountriesandcultures2._Wordslikesugar，shampo

21、o，andyoghurtarefromdifferentcountries.Youngpeoplecreatetheirownwayoftalking.Someslangwords3._whileotherslangbecomespartofeverydaylanguage.Somethinklanguagechange5._Ifnot，theirlanguagewillbecomeworseordie.4._onlanguagechangeSomethinklanguagechangeisnormalandnatural.Itcanmakelanguagesstaymodernandinte

22、resting.【主旨大意】本文主要介紹了英語發(fā)生的變化，語言產生變化的原因及人們對此的看法。1haschanged【解析】題干意為：英語_在過去的五百年。根據(jù)第一段前三句“Englishisalwayschanging.TheEnglishthatpeopleused500yearsagoisverydifferentfromtheEnglishweusenow.Eveninthelastfiftyyears，Englishhaschanged.”可知此處應填haschanged。2communicatedifferently【解析】題干意為：來自于不同國家和文化的人們_。根據(jù)第二段第六句“

23、Anotherimportantreasonforlanguagechangeiscommunicationbetweendifferentcountriesandcultures.”可知此處應填communicatedifferently。3getforgotten【解析】題干意為：一些俚語_然而另一些俚語成了人們日常語言的一部分。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Someslanggetsforgotten，butotherslangwordsbecomepartofnormal，everydaylanguage.”可知此處應填getforgotten。4Twodifferentopinions【解析

24、】題干意為：_關于語言變化。此題為概括題，根據(jù)表格右側內容“Somethinklanguagechange；Somethinklanguagechange”可知此處是人們對于語言變化的兩種不同的觀點，故填Twodifferentopinions。5shouldbeprevented【解析】題干意為：一些人認為語言變化_。否則他們的語言將會變得更糟甚至消失。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Somepeoplethinkthatweshouldstoplanguagesfromchanging.”可知此處應填shouldbeprevented。A閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內容完成文后的句子。Putonghua

25、(MandarinChinese)isthelanguageoftheHanpeople，butmostoftheotherethnicgroupsalsohavetheirownlanguagesordialects.Thatcanmakecommunicationdifficultwhentheyspeaktoeachotherwithoutusingthecommonlanguage，Putonghua.However，peoplefromdifferentplacescanunderstandthesamewrittencharacters.MandarinChineseisthemo

26、stcommonlyusedlanguage.Itistaughtinallschoolsanditisthemediumofthegovernment.AndtodaypeopleacrossChinaareencouragedtousePutonghuainofficesandpublicplaces.SpokenChineseisatonallanguage，withfourtonesinadditiontoindividualsounds.Forinstance，theword“Ma”canmean“mother，”“bother，”“horse，”or“scold，”dependin

27、gonhowitissaid.TohelpthelearningofChinese，aRomanizationsystemcalledPinyinhasreplacedotherearlierRomanizedspellings(thecapitalofChinaisspelledBeijinginsteadoftheearlierspellingof“Peking”)Itwasdevisedin1958andhasbeentakenasastandardformtorepresentChinesesounds.TheChinesewritingsystemispictographic(象形文

28、字的)Thismeansthata“picture”representsanideaoraword.Therefore，theChinesewritingsystemisntthesameasthatofmostwesternlanguages.Thewordsfortheselanguagesarerepresentedbyletters，whileChinesewordsarerepresentedbycharacters.SomeChinesecharactersweredevelopedassimplepicturesfromnature，suchasanimals，birds，mou

29、ntains，andrivers.Althoughthestylewritinghaschangedandgraduallybeentransformedoveratleast5，000yearsintothecharactersusedtoday，Chineseistheonlymajorwritingsystemoftheworldthathascontinueditspictographbasedsystemwithoutinterruption(中斷)andstillusesit.ManystudentsofChinesearefirstattractedtothelanguagebe

30、causeofthewritingsystem，whichissurelyoneofthemostfascinatingscriptsintheworld.1Putonghuaisthecommonlanguageusedby_Han_people_andethnicgroupsforcommunication.2MandarinChineseiswidelyusedinschools，officesandpublicplaces_across_China_3TohelpthelearningofChinese，Pinyinhas_taken_the_place_ofotherearlierR

31、omanizedspellings.4TheChinesewritingsystem_is_different_from_thatofmostwesternlanguages.5Thebesttitleofthispassageis“_The_Introduction_of_Mandarin_Chinese_”B閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內容完成表格。Doyoufeelcoolandcalm？Ifyouranswerisno，yourenotalone.Intodayssociety，manypeoplefinditdifficulttoslowdown.Fastpacedlifestyle

32、smakeithardformanypeopletoreallyrelax.Thegoodnewsisthatyouneedntescapetoaniceplacetorelax.Youcanexperiencetheseinthemiddleofastressfilledlife.BetterthinkingTheabilityofrelaxationdependsmoreonyourthinkingthanyoursituation.Thenexttimewhenyousufferfromworry，thinkaboutthesituation.Whatistheproblem？Whati

33、sthecause？Mostimportantly，whatcanyoudoaboutit？Then，makean“actionplan”ora“todolist”tohelpyoufeellessworried.However，ifthesituationisnotinyourhands，youshouldletitgo.Takeawalk，exerciseandtalktoafriendtogetyourmindofftheproblem.AhabitofrelaxingEventhebusiestpeoplearrangeshortperiodsofrelaxationintotheir

34、timetable.Theydosobecausetheyknowitsnecessary.Thetimeyouspendrelaxingisanimportantperiod.A10minutebreakinthemiddleofalongworkdaycanincreaseyourproductivity(生產力)Youcanfindanactivity，suchasexercise，ahotbathorafavoriteTVshow，tomakeyoucometolife.Afewrestfulhoursofdoingsomethingyoureallyenjoymayhelpyouto

35、faceabusyweek.RestfulsleepUnfortunately，notbeingabletorelaxcausessomepeopletolosetheirmostimportantrest：sleep.Ifthatsyou，writeeverythinginyourdiarybeforegoingtobed.Writedownnotonlyproblemsbutalsopossiblesolutions.Thiscanhelpyoureleasethoughtsthatmightpreventyoufromgettingneededsleep.Finally，recogniz

36、eyourdisadvantages.Youcantdoeverythingperfectly，butyoucangettherestandrelaxationyouneedtodomanythingsbetter.Title：Waysto1._Feel_Relaxed_Whenyousufferfromworry，thinkabouttheBetterthinkingAhabitofrelaxingsituation.2._Making_an_“action_plan”_ora“todolist”canhelpyoufeellessworried.Afewrestfulhoursmayhel

37、pyoutofaceabusyweek，eventhebusiestpeopleknow3._its_necessary_toarrangeshortperiodsofrelaxationintotheirtimetable.Beforegoingtobed，writedownbothRestfulsleep4._problems_and_possible_solutions_inyoudiary.Thiscanhelpyougetneededsleep.Youcan5._do_many_things_better_bygettingtherestandrelaxationyouneedtho

38、ughyoucantdoeverythingperfectly.2019備考猜押AWhenyousleepsomewhereelse,likeatasummercamporafriendshouse,youknowyourethereforafuntime.Butforsomekids,whentheyareawayfromhometheyfeelsad.Theystarttomisstheirownbeds,theirownparents,andallthethingsathome.Itscalledbeinghomesick.Doyouwanttofeellesshomesick?Thef

39、ollowingcanhelpyou.Spendmoretimeindoingfunthings.Themorefunthingsyoudo,thelesstimeyoullfeelhomesick.Sotrytotakepartinactivitiesandsoonyoumightstarttohaveagoodtime.Youcanmakeaplantocallyourmumordad.Foranightvisit,maybeyoucancalloncethatnight,andagaininthemorning.Inthecamp,youmightsetaregulardayandtim

40、eforaphonecallhome.Youcanalsosendemailsorshortmessagestokeepintouch(保持聯(lián)系)withfamilyandfriends.Ifyouregoingtobeawayforawhile,youmightevenwritealetter!Whenyougetintouchwithsomeone,makesuretotellthemaboutthefunthingsyouredoing!Sometimes,justtellsomeonethatyourefeelinghomesick.Thiswillhelpyoufeelbetter.

41、Maybeyoucantellafriendthatyoufeelhomesick.Andthetwoofyoucandosomethingfun,suchastellingjokes.Ifyoureatcamp,acampcounselor(顧問)wouldbeagoodpersontotalkto.Heorshemighthavesomeideastohelpyoufeelbetter.Title：HowtoDealwithHomesicknessWhentofeelWhenyouare1._away_from_home_，youmightfeelhomesickhomesick.Find

42、3._fun_things_Trytotakepartinalotofactivities.Makeaplantocallyourparents.2._(Some)_ways_toSendemailsor4._short_messages_toyourhelpyoufeellessfamilyandfriends.homesickWritealetterifyouareawayforawhile.Youwillfeelbetterifyou5._talk_to/tell_someone_，suchasafriendoracampcounselor.BTheYellowRiverisknowna

43、sthemotherriverbyalltheChinesepeople，the5，464kilometer(about3，395miles)YellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChinaaftertheYangtzeRiver.TheheadwatersofthismightyriverlieinKunlunMountainsinnorthwesternQinghaiProvince.ItrunsthroughnineprovincesandautonomousregionsonitswaytotheBohaiSea.ItisnotexaggeratingtosaythatYellowRiverisameltingpot，becausetherearemorethan30branchesandcountlessstre