跨文化交際視聽說演講資料ppt課件

1、Presentation :Hofstedes Cultural DimensionsThe outline of our presentationFour Parts:part one : Collectivism & Individualismpart two: Power Distancepart three: Uncertainty Avoidancepart four: Masculine & Femininity*Group members and the division of the workPart one &Part two &Part three &Part four &

2、vedio resourceswritten resources Give the presentationConcludTuptim and Balat are lovers ,but Tuptim is sent into Palace.Tuptims father presents his daughter,Tuptim,for the king The King and Tuptim. Tuptim becomes one of the kings wife.Tuptim wants to study English for pleasing the king.Tuptims view

3、 about the King.but nowpreviously Tuptim ask Anna to deliver a letter to her family.Anna bring a letter to Tuptim which was written by Balat.Balat wrote to her for farewells ,and then he goes to the monastery.Tuptim comes to see Balat after received his letter.Anna meet with Tuptim.In order to pursu

4、re her true love, Tuptim disguises herself in the monastery.Tuptim is arrested by the army.Tuptim is accused of a traitorous act against the king. Tuptim is judged by the judge.Anna comes to intercede with King for Tuptim.The king refuses her request.Tuptim and balat dead.IndividualismCollectivismPo

5、wer DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceMasculineFemininityCollectivism & Individualismhat Is Individualism？Individualists promote the exercise of ones goals and desires and so value independence and self-reliance and advocate that interests of the individual should achieve precedence over the state or a s

6、ocial group.(個(gè)人英雄主義的圖片) Collectivism is any philosophic, political, religious, economic, or social outlook that emphasizes the interdependence of every human. hat Is Collectivism？Performance of individualism & CollectivismIndividualismCollectivismFreedom, human rightsgroup loyalty, interdependenceRe

7、spect for the individualthe strong sense of the collective honor.The pursuit of happiness for the individualthe priority of group goals over individual goals. System security for the individualharmony,humility,courtesy,face-savingequalityhierarchyThe differences between Individualism and Collectivis

8、mCollectivist stress the importance of cohesion within social groups.And in some cases,the priority of group goals over individual goals. When the collective interests of all individuals are violated, the superiority of collectivism will perfectly reflected.Individualists promote the exercise of one

9、s goals and desires and so value independence and self-reliance and advocate that interests of the individual should achieve precedence over the state or a social group.Individualism filmSaving Private Ryan、Battle in Seattle、Superman、Spider-Man、Batman、Iron Man and so on.Collectivism filmassembly bug

10、le-calls、Sanggamyong Ridge、red womens detachment etc.In an individualist culture, the interest of the individual prevails over the interests of the group. While in a collectivist culture, the interest of the group prevails over the interest of the individual.Thats see when facing the problem,what An

11、na and the king will doAt first,the king didnt want to sentence Tuptim to death.But due to Annas intervention，he has to show that he wont listen to Anna who is a woman and also a foreigner.He has to keep his majesty as the king ，and then he can remain his power in his country，and make his countrys s

12、afety for sure. He gave up Tuptim, for the sake of his country and his national.IndividualismCollectivismPower DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceMasculineFemininityPower DistanceWhat is power distance?“Power distance as a characteristic of a culture defines the extent to which the less powerful person in

13、 society accepts inequality in power and considers it as normal. (Hoftede, 1980)And in order to measure the degree of the Power distance of a country.The Power distance Index was introduced.Power Distance Index ：權(quán)益差距指數(shù) Some features of PDIHigh power distance cultureIts acceptable for a supervisor to

14、 display his authority; If something goes wrong, the subordinates are usually blamed for not doing their proper job;Teachers are treated respectfully;Low power distance cultureSupervisors are expected to treat employees respectfully;If something goes wrong, the superior is usually blamed by giving u

15、nrealistic expectations or being too strictTeachers are simply employees;30Low-powerHigh-powerconsultative democratic equalcomfortable autocratic(民主的) paternalistic formal hierarchical There is a great power distance between supervisor and subordinate in Siam society, which presents a sharp contrast

16、 to that in the west. There are some examples: 1.In Siam, men and women are different in social status 2.A great gap of power distance exist between the nobles and slaves 3. The king is supremeAnd in Tuptims storyTuptim is accused of a traitorous act against the king. At first she didnt want to defe

17、nd herself because of the unfair treatment.The judge,who have higher power,just force Tuptim to admit what she havent done.Tuptim argues that she and Balat are innocent,but none of the judges listen to her.They just cane her and sentence her to death .The power distance makes Tuptim unable to do any

18、thing but wait for the death. High power distanceMalaysia 馬來西亞 104 Guatemala 危地馬拉 95 Panama 巴拿馬 95 Philippines 菲律賓 94 Mexico 墨西哥 81 China 中國 80Low power distanceAmerica 美國 40 Ireland 愛爾蘭 28 New Zealand 新西蘭 22 Denmark 丹麥 18 Israel 以色列 13 Austria 奧地利 11Examples in schoolClasses in low-power distance c

19、ountriesClasses in high-power distance countriesIn Chinese CulturePower distance always exist.High Power DistanceThe same thing still happpens in China.The high power distance exists everywhere.Advantages In low-power distance countriesEveryone can bring his potencial into play.The relationship will

20、 become much more harmonious. In high-power distance countriesThe efficiency will become much higher.Disadvantages In low-power distance countries The effiency may be influenced by the freedom. In high-power distance countries The staffs attitudes may be quite unzealous . It may cause power abuse.In

21、dividualismCollectivismPower DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceMasculineFemininityUncertainty AvoidanceUncertainty AvoidanceUncertainty Avoidance, a societys tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.The uncertainty avoidance dimension expresses the degree to which a person in society feels uncomfortable w

22、ith a sense of uncertainty and ambiguity.Uncertainty avoidance Index(UAI)：不確定性躲避指數(shù) And in order to measure the degree of the Uncertainty Avoidance of a country.The uncertainty avoidance Index was introduced.Some features of UAI Countries exhibiting strong Uncertainty avoidance Index,maintain rigid c

23、odes of belief and behavior and are intolerant of not traditonal behavior and ideas. Weak UAI societies maintain a more relaxed attitude in which practice counts more than principles.People in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance tend to be more emotional.They try to minimize the occurrence of u

24、nknown and unusual circumstances and to proceed with careful changes step by step by planning and by implementing rules, laws and regulations. In contrast, low uncertainty avoidance cultures accept and feel comfortable in unstructured situations or changeable environments and try to have as few rule

25、s as possible. People in these cultures tend to be more pragmatic, they are more tolerant of change.When Tuptim is sending to the execution ,all the people are mad and excited,they all think Tuptim should be punished.Though Tuptim didnt do anything which will damage their interest,something is deep

26、in their mind that their trandtion cant be broken. Tuptim not only betray the king but also disguise herself in the monastery.They are nervous about Tuptims unusual behavior and they cant tolerate it.In the movieStudents in U.S. consider answering a question even if they are not so sure about the an

27、swer. If they have a thought, an idea, they like to share it with their fellow students and are open to feedback and criticism. Their Japanese counterparts, on the other hand, answer a question only if they are absolutely certain about the answer. This behavior of two contemporary human communities

28、displays different approaches to uncertainty.Some examples: On the base of our knowledge we can see that nations with a strong uncertainty-avoidance tendency are Portugal, Greece, Peru, Belgium, Japan and our China. A higher level of anxiety and stress also characterizes them: People think of the un

29、certainty inherent in life as a continuous hazard that must be avoided. IndividualismCollectivismPower DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceMasculineFemininityMasculine & FemininityThe Definition of Femininity Femininity (also called womanliness or womanhood) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles gen

30、erally associated with girls and women. Femininity is socially constructed, but made up of both socially-defined and biologically-created factors.This makes it distinct from the definition of the biological female sex.Feminine vs female The mean of FeminineThe mean of female “女的”、“女性的”、“雌的” “有女性氣質(zhì)的”

31、collocation of common words of Femininecollocation of common words of female nature，sympathy，weakness，virtue，frivolity，curiosity，voice，pursuits，hobbies，clothes child，friend，companion，heir，ruler，servant，ward，voice，figure，suffrage，education，animal，plantthe antonymy of Femininethe antonymy of femaleMas

32、culine maleFeminine Qualities vs Masculine QualitiesFeminine QualitiesMasculine Qualitiestender, weak, sensitive, shy, sympathetic, dependent, soft, gentle, caring, considerate, delicate, tolerant, cautious, careful, timid, neat and cleanstrong, brave, adventurous, independent, courageous, creative,

33、 bold, persistent, manipulative, confident, competent, dominating, vigorous The Birth of Venus is a classic representation of femininity painted by Sandro Botticelli.Venus was a Roman goddess principally associated with love, beauty and fertility. Direct competition of physical skill and strength is

34、 a feature of masculinity which appears in some form in virtually every culture on Earth. Here, two U.S. Marines compete in a wrestling match.fighting for my countryiron man 3 In iron man 3, Tony stark will meet the challenge of a Nemesis has infinite power. Face life had been destroyed, there is no

35、 way to retreat, stark must depend on oneself excellent high-tech equipment and wisdom, to protect themselves and their closest person, find out the real culprits behind the scenes at the same time. When he eventually positive Nemesis, ready to give a fatal blow, has long been plagued stark question

36、 - what is armor made him, or he has created the armor - have the answer.THE HOURS The film is about several hours in three heroines lives. After these hours, their lives have encountered great changes. One gets the relieved through suicide, one chose to abandon her family and leave alone for a stra

37、nge place, and out of the fetters, the other begins to enjoy life with her same-sex partner. It revels that women begin to realize that life should be for themselves, but not just living for others love and obligation, and they has to find their own way to release themselves from it. Life is long for them. Each of them is o