英國(guó)的全生命成本計(jì)價(jià)ppt課件

1、Whole Life Costing in the United KingdomMichael Byng FRICS AAIQS ACIArb MPWIChairman RICS Quantity Surveying & Construction Faculty30th May 20061英國(guó)的全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)麥克彬 英國(guó)皇家丈量師協(xié)會(huì)工料丈量及建筑部主席 英國(guó)皇家丈量師協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員 澳大利亞丈量師協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員 英國(guó)注冊(cè)仲裁協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員 英國(guó)鐵路協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員 建筑本錢管理國(guó)際研討會(huì)中國(guó) 深圳2006.0530th May 20062What is whole life cycle costing?什么是全生命本

2、錢計(jì)價(jià)計(jì)價(jià)?“.a tool to assist in assessing the cost performance of construction work, aimed at facilitating choices where there are alternative means of achieving the clients objectives and where those alternatives differ, not only in their initial cost but also in the subsequent operational costs Defini

3、tion from the emerging ISP Standard 15686 on service life planning “(全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià))是一個(gè)協(xié)助評(píng)價(jià)建筑工程本錢表現(xiàn)的工具。旨在對(duì)到達(dá)業(yè) 主目的的多種不同質(zhì)的可選擇手段提供一個(gè)便利比選的方法。其不僅思索建立期的本錢，而且要思索建成投產(chǎn)后運(yùn)營(yíng)運(yùn)用的本錢。 -摘自30th May 20063Why - whole life cycle costing? (1)為什么要全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)?“Increasingly, clients are taking the view that construction should be desi

4、gned and costed as a total package, including costs in use and final decommissioningConstruction Task Force Report - “Rethinking Construction “越來(lái)越多地，業(yè)主接受這樣的觀念建筑應(yīng)該作為一個(gè)完好生命體，即包括運(yùn)用期的本錢和最后撤除的費(fèi)用去設(shè)計(jì)和核算本錢。-摘自之“建筑業(yè)的再思索30th May 20064Why - whole life cycle costing? (2)為什么要全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)?In the UK and elsewhere in th

5、e European Union, public authorities are turning to Private Finance Initiative (PFI) or Public Private Partnership (PPP) routes to deliver new building and infrastructure programmes and associated services. 在英國(guó)和其它歐盟國(guó)家，政府正在轉(zhuǎn)向采用民營(yíng)資本先投入 PFI或政府民營(yíng)協(xié)作同伴 PPP的途徑去提供新的公共建筑、根底設(shè)備和其它效力。Elsewhere in developing cou

6、ntries, where these is insufficient revenue from current taxation, governments seek to make use of PFI and PPP methods to deliver projects on a deferred payment basis. 在其它開(kāi)展中國(guó)家，由于其當(dāng)前的稅務(wù)體制下的財(cái)政收入缺乏，政府尋求運(yùn)用PFI 和PPP的方式分期付款地去興建工程。In these areas, PFI/PPP techniques are being applied to health, education, s

7、ecurity and road and rail transportation programmes. 在這些地域， PFI 和PPP戰(zhàn)略被廣泛運(yùn)用于衛(wèi)生、教育、平安、道路及鐵路交通等開(kāi)展方案。The key factors in making the award of these contracts are the operational cost of running the facilities, the condition of the asset on termination and the operating agreement and/or the cost of decomm

8、issioning or disposal. 運(yùn)用PFI和PPP協(xié)議的關(guān)鍵要素是：設(shè)備運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)本錢、資產(chǎn)最終情況、操作協(xié)議、撤除和廢物處置本錢。30th May 20065What are the benefits to clients?什么是業(yè)主的益處?WLCC 全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)Encourages the bidder to analyse the clients business needs by the bidder who communicates them to his project team. 經(jīng)過(guò)招標(biāo)人與業(yè)主工程組的溝通,鼓勵(lì)招標(biāo)人分析業(yè)主的需求。Evaluates the alt

9、ernative cost of ownership (construction, purchase or renting) over the whole life of the asset (s). 對(duì)各種可選擇的資產(chǎn)權(quán)屬關(guān)系興建、購(gòu)買或租賃，評(píng)價(jià)其全生命本錢。Optimises the total cost of ownership by balancing initial capital and running costs. 經(jīng)過(guò)比較初期投入資本和后期運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)費(fèi)用，對(duì)相應(yīng)權(quán)屬關(guān)系的總本錢進(jìn)展優(yōu)化。Analyses the risks and costs of functional perfo

10、rmance due to failure of maintenance. 分析由于維護(hù)不當(dāng)引起的功能損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和本錢。Promotes realistic budgeting for operation maintenance and repairs. 為運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)期的維護(hù)和修繕提出真實(shí)可行的預(yù)算。Encourages discussion and recording of decisions about durability of materials and components at the outset of the project.- 鼓勵(lì)討論并記錄在工程開(kāi)場(chǎng)時(shí)對(duì)資料和構(gòu)件的耐久性所作的決

11、議。Provide a “Value for Money approach to project solutions. 對(duì)工程的處理方案提供“經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性評(píng)價(jià)Provides data on actual performance and operation compared with predictions as a benchmark for future projects. 提供實(shí)踐運(yùn)用表現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)與預(yù)期目的相對(duì)比, 并以此數(shù)據(jù)作為未來(lái)工程開(kāi)展的根據(jù)。 30th May 20066Culture changes required to realise the benefits認(rèn)識(shí)業(yè)主利益要求相

12、應(yīng)的文化改動(dòng)Make WLCC part of the procurement brief. 把全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)作為采辦戰(zhàn)略大綱的一部分。Spend more time earlier in the project, with designers and constructors to review data and agree results. 在工程的早期，多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間與設(shè)計(jì)師和承建商分析數(shù)據(jù)和商量結(jié)果。Ensure that the results are presented with an indication of the sensitivity of variables. 確信這些結(jié)果

13、表現(xiàn)了可變要素的敏感性指征。Log decisions on durability are available for feedback on events during operation. 耐久性的決議日志可供運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程中回想。Ensure that procurement decisions are linked to Health & Safety file and to operating and maintenance documents at handover from the acquisition to the use and maintenance stages. 保證采辦方

14、式確實(shí)定從獲得到運(yùn)用直至維護(hù)階段,都符合安康與及平安守那么和開(kāi)工移交后的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)與維護(hù)指引。To conclude: Make WLCC as a decision making tool in procurement。結(jié)論：以全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)作為采辦方式?jīng)Q策的工具。30th May 20067WLCC when?何時(shí)思索全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)？To be effective, WLCC must be applied at the all phases of construction. During the initial appraisal and the decision to purchase or

15、 lease.Feasibility assessment of alternative construction solutions; these include replace and/or maintenance over the life of the asset.In outline designDuring the choice of components in detailed design.In bid appraisalAssessment of proposed construction change orders.Effectiveness of construction

16、 on occupancy evaluation。為到達(dá)目的，全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)實(shí)際須運(yùn)用于建立全過(guò)程的各個(gè)階段：在前期評(píng)價(jià)和決議購(gòu)買或租賃時(shí)；在選擇建立方法的可行性評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)，包括資產(chǎn)整個(gè)生命期間的重置和/或維護(hù)；在概念設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)；在詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)階段選擇設(shè)備部件時(shí)；在評(píng)標(biāo)時(shí)；在評(píng)價(jià)建議的施工變卦指令時(shí)；在運(yùn)用階段評(píng)價(jià)建筑物的效應(yīng)。30th May 20068Phases in Construction life建筑生命期的劃分 Based on draft ISO15686 5 根據(jù)草案ISO15686-5Acquisition獲得Use and Maintenance運(yùn)用及維護(hù)Disposal廢物處置Re

17、newal and Adaption翻新和接受30th May 20069Acquisition Costs to consider獲得-應(yīng)思索的費(fèi)用By construction建立Site costs; purchase, clearance and preparation土地購(gòu)買、清理和預(yù)備Design設(shè)計(jì)Construction施工Commissioning/handover移交Transaction costs fees轉(zhuǎn)讓費(fèi)In-house administration and costs內(nèi)部行政管理和費(fèi)用By purchase/renting購(gòu)買/租賃Purchase price

18、購(gòu)買價(jià)錢Cost of purchase/adaptation購(gòu)買/改造的費(fèi)用Transaction costs fees轉(zhuǎn)讓本錢/相關(guān)費(fèi)用In-house administration and costs內(nèi)部行政管理和費(fèi)用30th May 200610Use and Maintenance Costs and income運(yùn)用與維護(hù)-本錢和收入Costs本錢Management costs; cleaning, energy utilities, janatorial services, land and grounds including landscaping 管理費(fèi)用，包括清潔、能源、

19、設(shè)備、效力、景觀Maintenance; commissioning or fitting out 維護(hù)，傭金和裝修Repairs and renewals “churn costs 維修和翻新各種費(fèi)用Income收入Receipts of ownership of the asset 資產(chǎn)權(quán)益收入Rents from surplus space (less any loss of income during interim refurbishment or failure of facilities) 富余空間出租收入減去室內(nèi)裝修或設(shè)備缺點(diǎn)期租金損失30th May 200611Dispos

20、al Costs and income廢物處置-支出和收入Costs支出Disposal including demolition, 廢物處置，包括撤除 Obligation under repairing obligation under leases修復(fù)義務(wù)和租賃責(zé)任Site clean up, decontamination場(chǎng)地的清理；污染物的去除Costs of sale銷售費(fèi)用Income收入Sale of interest in asset. 資產(chǎn)權(quán)益的出賣Sale of materials for recycling 可回收運(yùn)用資料的出賣30th May 200612Why co

21、nsider these costs and with whom?為什么思索這些費(fèi)用及由誰(shuí)來(lái)思索？In the UK, the Construction Clients Form said:-“(we) want whole life (cycle) costs to be appraised and the supply chain to commit themselves to build on time, budget and quality and provide genuine value for money throughout the life of the constructi

22、on Constructing Improvement The Clients Pact with the Industry 在英國(guó)，建筑業(yè)的業(yè)主說(shuō)： - “我們希望建筑物整個(gè)生命周期的本錢被評(píng)價(jià)，供應(yīng)鏈能履行誠(chéng)諾按商定工期、預(yù)算、質(zhì)量將工程完成，提供能貫穿建筑物終生的真正物有所值的產(chǎn)品。 建筑業(yè)的成就業(yè)主與行業(yè)公約30th May 200613WLCC Key decisions (1)全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)關(guān)鍵決議Client involvement in the process Setting the whole life span 業(yè)主全程參與-設(shè)定建筑物的壽命To agree the dec

23、ision on the required life span of the asset. 贊同關(guān)于建筑所要求壽命的決議The balance required between capital and running costs. 建立本錢與運(yùn)營(yíng)本錢間的平衡The maintenance strategy; planned or reactive? 保養(yǎng)維護(hù)的戰(zhàn)略預(yù)先方案或隨機(jī)應(yīng)變？Fall back plans to mitigate the effects of premature failure of components or loss of functionality 緩和構(gòu)件潛在失

24、效或功能喪失的影響的補(bǔ)救方案?！癈lients should seek to evaluate all tenders on the basis of quality, likely cost-in-us and known past performance as well as (bid) priceSir Michael Lathams report “Constructing the Team業(yè)主應(yīng)在比較招標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)的同時(shí)，設(shè)法在質(zhì)量、運(yùn)用期能夠發(fā)生的本錢和過(guò)往表現(xiàn)等方面上評(píng)價(jià)各個(gè)標(biāo)書。“ 邁克.雷森爵士的報(bào)告締造隊(duì)伍30th May 200614WLCC Key decisions (2)

25、全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)關(guān)鍵決議Project team involvement in the process Setting the cost parameters. 工程組全程參與設(shè)定本錢核算的參數(shù).Considering relationship between capital and operating costs. 思索投資本錢與運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用之間的關(guān)系。Setting realistic levels of costs and receipts. 設(shè)定本錢和收益的實(shí)踐程度。Reviewing allowances to be made future inflation. 檢討未來(lái)通貨膨脹的幅度。A

26、greeing discount rates to calculate NPV (Net Present Value); NB in publicly procured schemes this rate is set by the Treasury. 商定計(jì)算凈現(xiàn)值的折算率。留意：在公共消費(fèi)部門這個(gè)比率由英國(guó)財(cái)政部厘定。 “Members seek objective value based sourcing throughout the supply chain by establishing and implementing selection criteria designed wit

27、h business objectives and understood by suppliersConstruction Round Table Agenda for Change 經(jīng)過(guò)供應(yīng)連，讓工程組建立，執(zhí)行和了解設(shè)定的商業(yè)目的，以到達(dá)業(yè)主尋求的目的和價(jià)值。 班30th May 200615A step by step project appraisal guide (1) Initial Investment Appraisal工程評(píng)價(jià)分步指引初期投資評(píng)價(jià)Criteria to review The need to define functional requirements.Cons

28、ideration of alternative forms of constructionBuy or build or repair or adaptation of existing assets.Review clients priorities to achieve the required rate of return on capital investment.Length of design life or in the case of PFI/PPP, the length of the concession 檢查的準(zhǔn)那么- - 功能性要求的定義 - 建筑方式的選擇 - 購(gòu)買

29、、興建、修復(fù)或改造運(yùn)用現(xiàn)成的建筑 - 檢討到達(dá)要求資產(chǎn)報(bào)答率關(guān)鍵要點(diǎn) - 設(shè)計(jì)壽命，或在PFI/PPP情況下協(xié)議 商定的建筑壽命Assumptions required to satisfy these criteria 滿足檢查準(zhǔn)那么的假定；Performance requirements for the completed projects. 工程表現(xiàn)要求；Timing of cost and income flows and period between review or re-appraisal 本錢的時(shí)效性、收入流 及回想與 再評(píng)價(jià)的時(shí)間間隔；Programme of major

30、component repair or replacement during the project life. 在工程生命期內(nèi)，主要部件修復(fù)或置換的方案；Cost of alternative fuels. 運(yùn)用不同燃料的本錢。30th May 200616A step by step project appraisal guide (2) Design and construction appraisal工程評(píng)價(jià)分步指引 設(shè)計(jì)與建造評(píng)價(jià)Prepare WLCC plan; develop and refine with design development. 預(yù)備全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)方案，并隨設(shè)

31、計(jì)開(kāi)展逐漸優(yōu)化.Involve the supply chain in all decisions; contractors, suppliers and manufacturers. 將供應(yīng)鏈思索在內(nèi): 承建商, 供貨商 和工廠.Define components requiring long life and those for which a short life is required. 定義要求長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)用和短期運(yùn)用的構(gòu)件。Include WLLC criteria in construction procurement documents. 將全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)那么包括在采辦大綱文件

32、中。AndDevelop WLCC with the design and the overall investment plan, gradually replacing historic data with accurately predicted costs. 配合設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)展和總體投資方案,逐漸用準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)本錢取代全生命本錢計(jì)價(jià)的歷史數(shù)據(jù)。30th May 200617A step by step project appraisal guide (3) Completion and post-occupation appraisal工程評(píng)價(jià)分步指引開(kāi)工和運(yùn)用評(píng)價(jià)Develop the WL

33、CC plan to include: -Durability informationReconciliation of maintenance profile with asset design life.Anticipated whole life costs of components and services. 修訂全生命本錢方案,包括: - 耐久性資料 - 按建筑設(shè)計(jì)壽命調(diào)整維護(hù)指引 - 預(yù)測(cè)構(gòu)件及設(shè)備的全生命本錢Monitor the performance and cost of the completed construction to highlight: -Variatio

34、ns from cost predictionsEffects of the variations on operating and maintenance plans.Increases in the cots of major periodic replacement of major repair of assets.Over-cautious of optimistic durability or cost estimates. 監(jiān)測(cè)已交工工程的表現(xiàn)和本錢,著重: - 在本錢預(yù)測(cè)范圍內(nèi)的變卦 - 變卦對(duì)營(yíng)運(yùn)和維護(hù)方案的影響 - 建筑主要維修和改換費(fèi)用的提高 - 特別留意耐久性的估計(jì)和本

35、錢的估算For major refurbishment works, assess:- Residual service life of retained assets.Remaining service life of assets andValidity of original design life when set against achieved service lives. 對(duì)大型翻新工程,評(píng)價(jià); - 被保管建筑的剩余運(yùn)用壽命 - 保管設(shè)備的可運(yùn)用壽命,和 - 當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)設(shè)備效力期時(shí)，原設(shè)計(jì)壽命的有效性30th May 200618A step by step project appraisal guide (4) Disposal appraisal工程評(píng)價(jià)分步指引廢物處置評(píng)價(jià)The end of service life:-As planned