_般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)_新目標(biāo)（PPT57頁(yè))

1、語(yǔ)法課堂1主要內(nèi)容下一頁(yè) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)上一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一 、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成: shall (第一人稱(chēng)) + 動(dòng)詞原形 will（第二、三人稱(chēng)）注意：美語(yǔ)中不管什么人稱(chēng)一律用will, 在口語(yǔ)中所 有人稱(chēng)都可以用will，但在第一人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句 中經(jīng)常用shall. eg: What shall we do then ? What time shall we leave?主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)4 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的肯定、否定和疑問(wèn)式：主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)人稱(chēng)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一人稱(chēng)I will work.I will not work.Shall I work?第

2、二人稱(chēng)You will work.You will not work.Will you work?第三人稱(chēng)He will work.He will not work.Will he work?5 二、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本用法： 表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)注連用。eg: Next month my sister will be twenty. Ill send you the book as soon as possible, I promise you. 主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) A6 表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 常用的表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： tomorrow,

3、 tomorrow morning, tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow evening, next week, next month, next year, in two days, soon, the day after tomorrow等等。主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 7 表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生 的動(dòng)作。eg: Ill come and see you every Sunday next year. We shall come and work in this factory every year.主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) B8 問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意或表示客

4、氣的 邀請(qǐng).eg: Will you please sign your name here? Ill be glad to help you.主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) C9 用于帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句 中表示將來(lái)時(shí)間.eg: If you work hard, youll succeed. If you go on foot, you will not be able to get there on time.主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) D10 三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表示方法 (一)、be going to +動(dòng)詞原形:表示將來(lái) a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。 What are you

5、 going to do tomorrow? b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 11（二）、be +不定式： 表示安排、命令或預(yù)定要做的事情。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. We are to be back nine oclock. You are to finish the work b

6、uy supper time.主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 12(三)、be about to do：表示“即將做某 事”或“將要做某事” eg: He is about to leave for Beijing. I was about to start out when it began to snow.注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 13上一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)下一頁(yè)主菜單14現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系ha

7、ve been 與have gone 比較與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較15 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)助動(dòng)詞have (has）+ 過(guò)去分詞16過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)ABBAAA ABC主菜單17現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法一.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或事情現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)Someone has just turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了。) I have already finished my homework.(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。)主菜單18二.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始并一直延 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或 事情可能仍

8、在繼續(xù)。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last.我想看看從上 次見(jiàn)到那地方以來(lái)它發(fā)生了多大變化。I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單19三.表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷.上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?(你曾去過(guò)頤和園嗎?) I have never had a car. (我從未有過(guò)汽車(chē)。)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單20四

9、.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還常與句型 This is the first time，Its the first time 連用。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)This is the first time he has driven a car .這是他第一次開(kāi)車(chē)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單21五.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和最高級(jí)連用表示到現(xiàn)在為止是最的。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)What a boring film！一部多么令人厭煩的電影??！Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.這是我看過(guò)的最令人厭煩的電影。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單22現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常與不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如:already, neve

10、r, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks等,表示“到目前為止”所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.還可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)(到說(shuō)話時(shí)仍未結(jié)束)的,表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如:now, today, this morning (afternoon, evening, week, month, year), these days, since, for a long time等.上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單23一、since短語(yǔ)或從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng) 作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。 Mr. Smith has worked her

11、e since 1984. （1984年以來(lái)，史密斯先生一直在這工作。）Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.（他上大學(xué)以來(lái)大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單24二、for短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí) 間，for的賓語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段。 We have known each other for twenty years. （我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。） I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她了。）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單25三、just, lately, recently是

12、完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。The train has just arrived. （火車(chē)剛到。）Did you see Joan just now? （你剛才看到瓊了嗎？）Have you heard from your family lately/recently? （你最近收到家人的來(lái)信了嗎？）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單26四、in the past few years 意思是“過(guò)去幾年來(lái)”，可作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；in the past意思是“在過(guò)去”，常作一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Great changes have taken

13、 place in my hometown in the past few years.（過(guò)去幾年來(lái)，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。）Where did you work in the past? （你過(guò)去在哪里工作？）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單27五、even since then與from then on (after that)都有“打那以后”之意，前者是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，后者常用作一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Shes lived here ever since then. （打那以后，她一直住在這。）I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that. （打那以后，我

14、就沒(méi)有吉姆的消息。）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單28 六、before泛指“以前”時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中；ago表示“現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間以前”，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Ive never been to Japan before. （我以前沒(méi)去過(guò)日本。）She went to Japan a year ago. （她一年前去了日本。）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單29七、ever和never也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。前者意思是“曾經(jīng)”，多見(jiàn)于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中；后者意思是“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，表示全部否定?！癏ave you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.”（“

15、你曾經(jīng)看過(guò)這部影片嗎？” “沒(méi)有， 從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)。”）Nobody in our class has ever been there. （我們班沒(méi)有人去過(guò)那。）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單30八、already和yet常見(jiàn)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，有“已經(jīng)”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑問(wèn)句中。yet在否定句中有“還”之意?！癏as the bus left yet”? “Yes. It has already left.” (“No. It hasnt left yet.) “汽車(chē)開(kāi)走了嗎？” “是的，已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了?！?“不，還沒(méi)有開(kāi)走。 ”上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單31九、so far(到目前為止)， these

16、 days(這些天) 也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.（到目前為止， 還沒(méi)有人到月球以外旅行。） What have you done these days? （這些天來(lái)，你做了什么事？）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單32十、now, today, this morning, this year等有時(shí)可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中， 以表示到說(shuō)話時(shí)這一時(shí)間尚未結(jié)束。 I have learned how to swim now. （我現(xiàn)在終于學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣游泳。） Have you seen Han Meimei thi

17、s morning? （你今天上午看到韓梅梅了嗎？）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單33短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry 等。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep等或短語(yǔ)“be+名詞（形容詞、位置副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)）”來(lái) 代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。主菜單34 become be, beginhave , borrow keep, buy have

18、, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in，diebe dead, fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill), finish be over, get to knowknow, joinbe in （be a member of ）, leavebe away(from), marrybe married等；下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單35也可以仍用原短暫性動(dòng)詞，用句型“It is since從句（從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）”或用“一般過(guò)去時(shí)+ ago”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表述延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài)。 上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單36他入黨五年了。He has be

19、en in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.It is five years since he joined the Party.He joined the Party five years ago .電影開(kāi)始五分鐘了。The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film beganThe film began five minutes ago.下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單37 但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段

20、連用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單38 翻 譯 練 習(xí)： 1.我買(mǎi)了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. The old man has died for ten years. The old man has b

21、een dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.WW下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單39 3.他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。 4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。 5.我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometo

22、wn for 10 years.WWW下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單40have been 與have gone 的用法比較 have been to a place 意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)”，表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單41 Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you?你以前從未去過(guò)那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year

23、.我去過(guò)桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單42與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。 上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單43eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典

24、。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過(guò)去他買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說(shuō)明。主菜單44二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí): 上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但since(自以來(lái))+某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。eg： They ha

25、ve known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child,he has lived in England.主菜單45三常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的 表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ):上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)yesterday(昨天),the other day (前兩天),just now(剛才)，時(shí)間+ ago, last +時(shí)間 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜單46四常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的表示到現(xiàn)在為止這段時(shí)間的詞短語(yǔ)或從句: 上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)so f

26、ar (到現(xiàn)在為止)，hither to (到如今) up to (till,until)now直到現(xiàn)在，lately（最近）yet ,since+過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘述過(guò)去事情的從句。eg：The weather has been hot so far this summer . I havent seen her yet .主菜單47可與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，也可與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： for +時(shí)間 ，this +時(shí)間,表示不確定時(shí)間：ever,never,before, just,recently,already上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單48上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)eg: 1.I have learnt Engl

27、ish for three years. 2.I learnt English for three years.3.I have written two letters this morning .4.I wrote two letters this morning .主菜單49上一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)主菜單50動(dòng) 詞 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. Wh

28、en _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單514. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(deve

29、lop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr chen _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單52選用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has b

30、een on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單53用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home

31、now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單54改 錯(cuò)

32、1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單55Thank you !Good bye!56詭秘之主

33、在若羌縣境東北部，曾是中國(guó)第二大咸水湖，海拔780米， 面積約2400-3000平方公里，因地處塔里木盆地東部的古“絲綢之路”要道而著稱(chēng)于世，古詭秘之主誕生于第三紀(jì)末、第四紀(jì)初，距今已有200萬(wàn)年，面積約2萬(wàn)平方公里以上，在新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)影響下，湖盆地自南向北傾斜抬升，分割成幾塊洼地。； 詭秘之主 kgh20neg 現(xiàn)在詭秘之主是位于北面最低、最大的一個(gè)洼地，曾經(jīng)是塔里木盆地的積水中心，古代發(fā)源于天山、昆侖山和阿爾金山的流域，源源注入羅布洼地形成湖泊。詭秘之主曾有過(guò)許多名稱(chēng)，有的因它的特點(diǎn)而命名，如坳澤、鹽澤、涸海等，有的因它的位置而得名，如蒲昌海、牢蘭海、孔雀海等。元代以后，稱(chēng)羅布淖爾。漢代，詭秘之主“廣袤三百里，其水亭居，冬夏不增減”，它的豐盈，使人猜測(cè)它“潛行地下，南也積石為中國(guó)河也”。這種誤認(rèn)詭秘之主為黃河上源的觀點(diǎn)，由先秦至清末，流傳了2000多年。到公元四世紀(jì)，曾經(jīng)是“水大波深必汛”的詭秘之主西之樓蘭，到了要用法令限制用水的拮據(jù)境地。清代末葉，詭秘之主水漲時(shí)，僅有“東西長(zhǎng)八九十里，南北寬二三里或一二里不等”，成了區(qū)區(qū)一小湖。1921年，塔里木河改道東