高考英語完形填空的備考策略與應(yīng)試技巧

1、高考英語完形填空的備考策略與應(yīng)試技巧1. 依據(jù)上下文確定答案的法則：從近幾年的完形填空題看，近義詞或近義短語的測(cè)試力度逐漸加強(qiáng)，并成為測(cè)試熱點(diǎn)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是詞義相近，要不就是近義動(dòng)詞的同 一種時(shí)態(tài)的現(xiàn)象，或名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)搭配。若選項(xiàng)詞義差異很大，必然文章中藏有提示語，正因如此，往往第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)有時(shí)需要讀完全篇短文才能準(zhǔn)確回答。2. 詞語語義與強(qiáng)于語法原則：完型填空題的首句不留空，目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素：地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物和事由。再則，單純語法題已基本退出該題型的測(cè)試范 疇，所以，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生時(shí)，首先要告知他們這類現(xiàn)象。盡管四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞語都符合語法規(guī)則，然而該題的解答必須遵循先全面理解篇章語義，再

2、結(jié)合正確語言結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)每 個(gè)空格作出準(zhǔn)確無誤的抉擇。3. 解題四步法原則：第一步：跳讀。帶著空格通讀全文，了解短文大意，判別短文文體，同時(shí)能將會(huì)做的題及時(shí)解決掉。第二步：選答。這一步最為關(guān)鍵，要求考生對(duì)每一道題進(jìn)行認(rèn)真推敲，但是要告誡他們?nèi)f萬不可按照題的順序答題，對(duì)那些不能拿不準(zhǔn)的題先跳過去，遵循先易后難的解題原則。第三步：推敲。這實(shí)際上就是要求考生對(duì)完形填空短文的篇章作通盤考慮，把其中一些需要依據(jù)上下文語境來考慮的比較難解答的題，以及句子之間和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)較強(qiáng)的認(rèn)真推敲，甄別，篩選和抉擇。第四步：復(fù)查。這是解答這類題的最后一步，要求考生解完題之后務(wù)必再把文章通讀一遍，從整體上準(zhǔn)確把握文章的

3、真正意思，及時(shí)修改與全文有出入的一些選項(xiàng)。應(yīng)試技巧一：語境信息解題法： 近幾年的完形填空題淡化了語法結(jié)構(gòu)性的題，選項(xiàng)重在語意干擾，也就是說，對(duì)具體的語言知識(shí)應(yīng)該融入具體的語境中去考慮，考生應(yīng)具有通過上下文提示、暗示或 鋪墊，對(duì)篇章進(jìn)行整體上的把握的能力。所以，快速瀏覽全文，迅速領(lǐng)悟篇章主旨，通過上下文語境選擇答案選項(xiàng)乃解決完形填空的關(guān)鍵。4) Our _47_ challenge was to keep the rock mixture _48_ enough.47. A. next B. first C. past D. previous48. A. cold B. wet C. loose

4、 D. clean【題解：47. 答案為A項(xiàng)。短文前面提到第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是發(fā)電的問題，那么接下來的挑戰(zhàn)就是如何保持溫度的問題。48. 答案為B項(xiàng)。從下文提到的灑水車等事情，我們可以判斷出這兒應(yīng)該是“保持濕度”的語意?！?) Still others faced the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work.I _40_ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most _

5、41_ had stopped. After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was _43_.40. A. usedB. promisedC. deservedD. happened41. A. practice B. routine C. processD. service43. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing【40. D項(xiàng)。從前面一句話和本句中one of people可知，作者當(dāng)天上午碰巧也是去上班的人之一；4

6、1. D項(xiàng)。從上下文可知，由于風(fēng)暴大部分地鐵線路停運(yùn)，所以唯有service符合題意；43. A項(xiàng)。從上下文的語境中我們可知道作者最后找到有一條地鐵線還在營業(yè)，operating本身含有“營業(yè)的”意思，相當(dāng)于be on service?！?) After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced _36_ for a few days, I was _37_ to wait tables on my own. All went _38_ that fi

7、rst week36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress37. A. promisedB. invited C. allowedD. advised38. A. wellB. quickly C. safely D. wrong【36. D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)下文“I was allowed to wait tables on my own”可以判斷，作者是和有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的女侍者一起工作了幾天；37. C項(xiàng)。從上下文可知，幾天后作者被允許單獨(dú)做餐飲招待服務(wù)了；38. A項(xiàng)。有下文可以判斷出，她的第一周工作非常順手，沒出意外?！繎?yīng)試技巧二：語法結(jié)構(gòu)法: 高考完

8、形填空題基本都是在語境中考查考生對(duì)語法知識(shí)的掌握程度，單純考查這類題很少。而在完形填空題中考察語法項(xiàng)目的主要是動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣、 謂語和非謂語形式等。所以這類題需要考生有較為扎實(shí)的語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，能夠從句式的結(jié)構(gòu)上辨別出須填相關(guān)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞、連詞、副詞、形容詞或相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)然還 要考慮到主謂一致的關(guān)系等語法知識(shí)要點(diǎn)。不過，切記解答這類題，必須是任何空格的語法正確的前提下，再考慮其他方面因素。7) When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer _49_ I received a

9、n email from Garth, my Director.A. while B. when C. where D. after【49. B項(xiàng)，這兒when的意思是just at the moment， 與前面的when意思不一樣，A項(xiàng)的while無此意，D項(xiàng)的after不符合行為交互邏輯，C項(xiàng)完全是錯(cuò)誤的?！?) “I have been a soloist for over ten years. _53_ the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didnt _54_ that my passion couldnt be realized.53

10、. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since54. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say【53. B項(xiàng)，由第二段的內(nèi)容以及本句的句意“盡管醫(yī)生認(rèn)為我已經(jīng)全聾了，但是這并不意味著我的熱情會(huì)消失。”，故此處應(yīng)為讓步狀語從句；54. A項(xiàng)，由句意可知?！繎?yīng)試技巧三：復(fù)現(xiàn)解題法：這類題多為同義詞、近義詞和反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)或同義詞、近義詞和反義詞異形復(fù)現(xiàn)的形式。這種測(cè)試手法主要是考查考生的整體篇章意識(shí)和上下文推斷能力。9）In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in

11、 fairies. Not all of these _21_ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are _22_ and cause much human suffering.21. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary【21. C項(xiàng)，同義原詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)；22. B項(xiàng)，異形

12、近義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)】10）On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to _36_ and the subway system almost came to a stop.36. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash【36. B項(xiàng)，異形近義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)】11）Garths email was short, but I learned more from that _52_ message than I ever did

13、from a textbook.A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous【52. C項(xiàng)，異形同義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)】應(yīng)試技巧四：固定搭配解題法：這類題與語法結(jié)構(gòu)題有點(diǎn)類似，但主要慣用搭配，講究詞與詞的搭配，涉及到關(guān)聯(lián)詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞和短語等。12) Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I _28_ until the day he graduated.28. A. held upB. gave up C. follo

14、wed D. continued【28. D項(xiàng)。由句意可知，“盡管兒子不愿意再收到我的字條，但是我依然堅(jiān)持寫到他畢業(yè)為止?！边@道題實(shí)際上是一道固定搭配題，其結(jié)構(gòu)為notuntil，但句 中沒有否定副詞not，再則，若A、B兩項(xiàng)短語用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中須與not連用，故不合題意；C項(xiàng)的followed應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞，后面需加賓語方可，再則 followed在此有歧義，也不合題意，由于continue是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，所以，無需否定副詞，在這一固定搭配中只有瞬間動(dòng)詞才與not連用?！?3) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, _30_

15、 two internships(實(shí)習(xí)) in Washington, D.C, and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.30. A. organizing B. planning C. comparing D. completing【30. D項(xiàng)。大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后，又實(shí)習(xí)了兩個(gè)學(xué)期，最后在薩克拉門托做一名技術(shù)助理。這兒指完成實(shí)習(xí)，故惟有completing符合題意。】應(yīng)試技巧五：邏輯語氣解題法：這類題主要是通過分了解全文的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等信息之后，再分析句子與句子之間的關(guān)系，段落與段落之間的關(guān)系來解題。這種邏輯語氣主要

16、包含并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折和委婉語氣等等。這類題的選項(xiàng)多為連詞、副詞或具有連詞意義的各類短語。14) All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. _40_, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.40. A.Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally【40. B項(xiàng)。從整篇文章來看，在這兒只是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)

17、折語氣，表示在前一個(gè)星期的順利，在這一天卻遇到了一些麻煩。Therefore是遞進(jìn)語氣，finally也屬 遞進(jìn)語氣，但表示是最后一步的語氣，多指結(jié)論性的行為，不符合題意；otherwise雖屬轉(zhuǎn)折語氣，但多為推斷或假設(shè)否定語氣，而本文所敘述的是真實(shí)事 例的呈現(xiàn)，所以，惟有however符合題意?！?5) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(實(shí)習(xí)) in Washington, D.C, and _31_, becoming a technical assistan

18、t in Sacramento.31. A. hopefully B. finally C. particularlyD. certainly【31. B項(xiàng)。有上文及全句的意思可知，在這兒是作者六年求學(xué)和工作的最后一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，表示畢業(yè)之后找到了一份工作，從預(yù)期上講，應(yīng)該是結(jié)論性的，所以，惟有finally符合題意?！吭谶M(jìn)行有關(guān)邏輯語氣題時(shí)，必須要符合原文的意思，要瞻前顧后，審慎分析，細(xì)心推斷，密切注意相關(guān)連詞的連用，注意語氣的變化，應(yīng)從細(xì)節(jié)著手。應(yīng)試技巧六：利用文化背景和生活常識(shí)解題法：高考完型填空題的命題形式均為獨(dú)立的語篇形式，并交織和滲透著各類相關(guān)的常識(shí)與文化背景知識(shí)。這類題主要 是考查考生應(yīng)該把握的英美國家的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，但是一旦將這些知識(shí)放到具